Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski

četvrtak, 19.05.2011.

Music therapy for autistic spectrum disorder

Christian Gold1, Tony Wigram2, Cochavit Elefant3
1Grieg AcademyMusic Therapy Research Centre (GAMUT), Unifob Health, Bergen, Norway. 2Institute ofMusic andMusic Therapy,
University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark. 3Grieg Academy Department of Music, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Editorial group: Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group.
Publication status and date: Edited (no change to conclusions), published in Issue 1, 2010.
Review content assessed as up-to-date: 28 January 2006.
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004381.pub2.

A B S T R A C T
Background
The central impairments of people with autistic spectrumdisorder (ASD) include social interaction and communication. Music therapy uses music and its elements to enable communication and expression, thus attempting to address some of the core problems of people with ASD.
Objectives
To review the effects of music therapy for individuals with autistic spectrum disorders.
Search strategy
The following databases were searched: CENTRAL, 2005, (Issue 3); Medline, (1966 to July 2004); Embase, (1980 to July 2004);
LILACS, (1982 to July 2004); PsycINFO, (1872 to July 2004); CINAHL, (1982 to July 2004); ERIC, (1966 to July 2004); ASSIA,
(1987 to July 2004); Sociofile, (1963 to July 2004); Dissertation Abstracts International, (late 1960’s to July 2004). These searches were supplemented by searching specific sources for music therapy literature and manual searches of reference lists. Personal contacts to some investigators were made.
Selection criteria
All randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials comparing music therapy or music therapy added to standard care to “placebo” therapy, no treatment or standard care.
Data collection and analysis
Studies were independently selected, quality assessed and data extracted by two authors. Continuous outcomes were synthesised using a standardised mean difference (SMD) in order to enable a meta-analysis combining different scales, and to facilitate the interpretation of effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I˛ statistic.
Main results Three small studies were included (total n = 24). These examined the short-term effect of brief music therapy interventions (daily sessions over one week) for autistic children. Music therapy was superior to “placebo” therapy with respect to verbal and gestural communicative skills (verbal: 2 RCTs, n = 20, SMD 0.36 CI 0.15 to 0.57; gestural: 2 RCTs, n = 20, SMD 0.50 CI 0.22 to 0.79).
Effects on behavioural problems were not significant.
Music therapy for autistic spectrum disorder (Review) 1
Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authors’ conclusions
The included studies were of limited applicability to clinical practice. However, the findings indicate that music therapy may help children with autistic spectrum disorder to improve their communicative skills.More research is needed to examine whether the effects of music therapy are enduring, and to investigate the effects of music therapy in typical clinical practice.
- 19:45 - Komentari (0) - Isprintaj - #

četvrtak, 05.05.2011.

Ageing in people with autistic spectrum disorder

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry (2011)
E. B. MukaetovaLadinska1, E. Perry1, M. Baron2, C. Povey2 on behalf of the Autism Ageing Writing Group
1Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
2National Autistic Society, London, UK
Correspondence to: E. B. MukaetovaLadinska, Email: Elizabeta.MukaetovaLadinska@ncl.ac.uk

Background: Although autism in children and in adults attracts attention with respect to clinical and
research needs, autism in the older individuals has not been considered to any degree. We review the
evidence for urgently addressing the question of ageing in people with autistic spectrum disorder
(ASD), focusing on those with disability.
Methods: Perspectives are reviewed in relation to demographics, experiences of relatives or carers,
anticipated residential care needs, requirement for specifically designed cognitive assessment tools and
importance of initiating new brain ageing research initiatives in this area.
Results: With escalating numbers of ASD individuals with disability reaching old age, provision of care
is the paramount issue that is only beginning to be addressed in a few European communities and in
the USA. How ageing affects cognition in such individuals as they reach an age no longer consistent
with parental care is unknown, lacking any published evidence, and there is a clear need to design
cognitive and behavioural assessment tools appropriate to ageing in ASD individuals with disability, as
was the case with respect to dementia as a whole. Although there is a growing body of evidence on
pathological, imaging, neuropharmacological and other key brain abnormalities in ASD, these are, to
date, confined to children and young (only rarely to middle aged) adults.
Conclusions: The need for new initiatives in research into ageing in ASD is urgent. Apart from a
growing care crisis, the prospect of understanding brain ageing in this population may bring potential
rewards beyond immediate clinical need given the precedent of Down syndrome.

Key words: autism; autism spectrum disorders; ageing; older
- 20:14 - Komentari (0) - Isprintaj - #

nedjelja, 01.05.2011.

Doris Dragović - Ne budite me danas

Dragi posjetioci,
Doris Dragović je bila i ostala jedna od mojih najomilenijih hrvtaskih glazbenica. Za ovu prilku sam odabrao njen veilki hit iz 80-tih godina pod nazivom "Ne budite me danas". Uživajte u glazbu.
- 22:20 - Komentari (0) - Isprintaj - #

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