MPO/MTP Cabling & Its Testing Issues

četvrtak , 05.05.2016.

Data centers have never ceased their appetite for bandwidth. Virtualization, storage area networks, cloud computing, coupled with a host of other factors, all these boost that appetite. To meet such appetite means the use of a steady proliferation of fiber connections and ever-faster links. With the development of multi-fiber technology, MPO/MTP technology with multi-fiber connectors have been designed to support high-performance data center service.

The term MPO refers to multi-fiber push-on or also multi-path push-on, and MTP is a registered trademark of US Conec used to describe their connector. The US Conec MTP product is fully compliant with the MPO standards. As such, the MTP connector is a MPO connector. For simplicity, the following paragraphs will mention MTP only instead of MPO/MTP. MTP cabling solutions provide ideal conditions needed to realize high network performance, and accommodate bandwidth requirements both at present and in near future. This text aims to give basic information about MTP cable and its testing issues in details.

The Development of MTP Cabling
Prefabricated cabling systems and parallel array transmission systems, especially those 40G/100GbE networks on multi-mode fiber (MMF) generally use a MMF array connector called a MTP. This MTP connector is about the size of a fingernail, and uses a large rectangular molded plastic ferrule often with one or more rows of 12 fibers. MTP cables come in two variations (in addition to the pins/holes and keying options), cables with MTPs on either end, or breakout cables with an MTP on one end and single fiber connectors on the other end (just as image shown below).

The are two main drivers behind development of MTP cables. The first one goes to the ever-increasing need for cabling density in data centers. Cabling blocks airflow, so the denser the cable, the better the thermal management. And, as data center bandwidth steadily skyrockets to 10Gbps, 40Gbps, and 100Gbps, to even more, a dense multi-fiber cable becomes the suitable option. That is MTP cable.

The second one lies in the difficult and highly technical nature of field termination for fiber. Actually, it’s not generally considered to be suitable for field-installation. Rather, it’s usually factory terminated assemblies. Such modular factory-terminated MTP cable promises simplicity, lower cost, and true plug-and-play fiber connectivity.

MTP Cabling Testing Issues
It’s known that pre-terminated MTP fibers often experience the following processes: transportation, storage, and later bending or pulling during installation in the data center. All kinds of performance uncertainties are introduced before fiber cables are deployed. Thus, proper testing of pre-terminated cables after installation is the only way to guarantee performance in practical applications. In short, investing in factory-terminated fiber trunks to save time and decrease labor costs doesn’t really offer an advantage if the testing becomes a bottleneck.

Testing and determining the fiber polarity are challenges meeting MTP cables. The simple purpose of any polarity scheme is to provide a continuous connection from the link transmitter to the link receiver. For array connectors, TIA-568-C.0 defines three methods to accomplish this: Methods A, B, and C. Deployment mistakes are common because these methods require a combination of patch cords with different polarity types.


More Bandwidth Means More Testing

The use of MTP cables for trunking 10-Gbps connections in the data center has steadily risen over the years. That 10-Gbps cabling assembly requires a cassette at the end of the MTP cable to accommodate legacy equipment connections. Now that 40-Gbps and 100-Gbps connections are available on the market, a migration path has emerged: remove the 10-Gbps cassette from the MTP cable and replace it with a bulkhead for a 40-Gbps connection. Then it might be possible to remove that bulkhead and establish a direct MTP connection for 100Gbps at a later date. The problem is that while this migration strategy proves as an efficient way to leverage the existing cabling, in comparison to 10-Gbps connections, the 40-Gbps and 100-Gbps standards call for different optical technology (parallel optics) and tighter loss parameters.

Thus, each time you migrate, you need to verify the links to ensure the performance delivery that the organization requires. As such, it’s imperative to go on more testing while bandwidth increases.

MTP Cabling Testing Guidance
So, how to operate the proper MTP cabling testing? The answer is simple. Do as the following says. It’s highly recommended to test all 12 fibers of the MTP simultaneously and comprehensively (including loss, polarity, etc.). That sort of test capability changes the fiber landscape, enabling installers and technicians to efficiently validate and troubleshoot fiber flying through the process by tackling an entire 12-fiber cable MTP with the push of a button.

Conclusion
MTP cable ensures simple fiber connectivity and meets bandwidth demands, offering the easy way for 40/100GbE migration path from 10GbE. The growing use of MTP fiber cable shows that the single MPO connection is your right choice. Fiberstore supplies a sea of MPO/MTP cables available in trunk and harness versions. Besides MTP cables, other cabling products are also available for various applications, like 487655-B21, a HP compatible SFP+ copper cabling product for 10GbE transmission. For more information about MTP cables or other cabling products, you can visit Fiberstore.

Oznake: MPO connector, MTP connector, MTP cable, cabling products, 487655-B21

10GbE Interconnect Solutions Overview

četvrtak , 31.03.2016.

New sophisticated networking services, coupled with the increase of Internet users push the Internet traffic to an even higher point, driving the need for increased bandwidth consequently. One Ethernet technology—10 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) is adequate for such bandwidth demand, and has become widely available due to the competitive price and performance, as well as its simplified cabling structure.

Several cable and interconnect solutions are available for 10GbE, the choice of which depends on the maximum interconnect distance, power budget and heat consumption, signal latency, network reliability, component adaptability to future requirements, cost. Here cost includes more than what we call the equipment interface and cable cost, but more often the labor cost. Thus, choosing a 10GbE interconnect solution requires careful evaluation of each option against the specific applications. This text aims to introduce two main 10GbE interconnect solutions: fiber optics and copper.

Fiber Optics Solution
Fiber optic cables include single-mode fiber (SMF) and multi-mode fiber (MMF). MMF is larger in diameter than that of single-mode, thus portions of the light beam follow different paths as they bounce back and forth between the walls of the fiber, leading to the possible distorted signal when reach the other end of the cable. The amount of distortion increases with the length of the cable. The light beam follows a single path through thinner single-mode cable, so the amount of distortion is much lower.

The typical 10GBASE port type that uses MMF is 10GBASE-SR which uses 850nm lasers. When used with OM3 MMF, 10GBASE-SR can support 300m-connection distances, and when with OM4 MMF, 400m link length is possible through 10GBASE-SR SFP+ transceiver.

10GBASE-LR (eg. E10GSFPLR), 10GBASE-ER and 10GBASE-ZR are all specified to work via SMF. SMF can carry signals up to 80km, so it is more often used in wide-area networks. But since SMF requires a more expensive laser light source than MMF does, SMF is replaced by MMF when the required connection distance is not so long.

Copper Solution
10GBASE-CX4, SFP+ Direct Attach (DAC) and 10GBASE-T are all specified to operate through copper medium.

10GBASE-CX4
Being the first 10GbE copper solution standardized by the IEEE as 802.3ak in 2002, 10GBase-CX4 uses four cables, each carrying 2.5gigabits of data. It is specified to work up to a distance of 15m. Although 10GBase-CX4 provides an extremely cost-effective method to connect equipment within that 15m-distance, its bulky weight and big size of the CX4 connector prohibited higher switch densities required for large scale deployment. Besides, large diameter cables are purchased in fixed lengths, causing problems in managing cable slack. What’s more, the space isn’t sufficient enough to handle these large cables.

SFP+ DAC
SFP+ Direct Attach Cable (DAC), or called 10GSFP+Cu, is a copper 10GBASE twin-axial cable, connected directly into an SFP+ housing. It comes in either an active or passive twin-axial cable assembly. This solution provides a low-cost and low energy-consuming interconnect with a flexible cabling length, typically 1 to 7m (passive versions) or up to 15m (active versions) in length. Below is the SFP+ to SFP+ passive copper cable assembly with 1m length, 487655-B21, a HP compatible 10GbE cabling product.


10GBASE-T
10GBASE-T, known as IEEE 802.3an-2006, utilizes twisted pair cables and RJ-45 connectors over distances up to 100m. Cat 6 and Cat 6a are recommended, with the former reaching the full length at 100m, and the latter at 55m. In a word, 10GBASE-T permits operations over 4-connector structured 4-pair twisted-pair copper cabling for all supported distances within 100m. Besides, 10GBASE-T cabling solution is backward-compatible with 1000BASE-T switch infrastructures, keeping costs down while offering an easy migration path from 1GbE to 10GbE.

Conclusion
In summary, two main media options are available for 10GbE interconnect: copper and fiber optics, including 10GBASE-CX4, SFP+ DAC, 10GBASE-T, 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-ER, 10GBASE-ZR, and so on. Fiberstore offers all these 10GBASE SFP+ modules and cables for your 10GbE deployment, which are quality-assured and cost-effective, like E10GSFPLR and 487655-B21 mentioned above. For more information about 10GbE interconnect solutions, you can visit Fiberstore.

Oznake: SMF, MMF, 10GBASE-LR, E10GSFPLR, SFP+ DAC, 487655-B21, 10Gbase-T