yangyi4

and one was necessarily removed and afterwards killed. When, vibram five fingers however, the short time of steeping was returned to, the animals took their food again, and progressed as well as before. Upon the whole, it may at least be said that there is much less necessity to steep malt than barley; and if the former be improved at all by vibram fivefingers such treatment, it should be exposed to it for a few hours only. vibram five fingers sale The steeping of barley, however, from 30 to 40 hours, has been seen to increase the gross increase in live weight beyond that of the same amount of barley dry, of malt and dust, the produce of the same amount of barley, either dry or steeped, or than the dry malt and dust, the produce of one-fourth more barley.These results are, it is admitted, wanting in some respects in that regularity which is calculated to give undoubted confidence in the conclusions to which they lead, and it is possible that the mangolds, containing as they do such a very large amount of saccharine matter, may on this account be somewhat less appropriate as an accompaniment to the malt than to the barley. Upon the whole, however, we see in the facts adduced in reference to this series, five fingers shoes as well as to the one previously discussed, nothing whatever that is favourable to the malt, as compared with the barley ; and, indeed, taking the results as they stand, the simpler process of steeping seems prominently to exceed in effect the more expensive one of malting. As, however, we have before remarked, gross increase is but a conditional indication of the progress of the animal, as we shall endeavour to illustrate further on.As a check upon these trials skechers shape ups between barley and malt in the shed, the remainder of the flock, after the selection for the experimental pens had been made, were allotted, sheep by sheep, according to weights, into two nearly equal sets. The two lots of mangold-wurzel were from different fields, No. 1 having been somewhat more highly manured than No. 2; and we find at the same time a slightly higher per-centage of nitrogen in the former than in the latter. This might have been due to changes in the clamp as the season advanced, the lot No. 2 being sampled and used later than No. 1. Mbt shoes clearance The relative per-centages of dry matter and of ash in the two specimens support the notion, however, that there was in reality some variation in the

, became unwell during the last few weeks of the experiment, vibram five fingers and it was found necessary to kill him a few days after the experiment closed. As, however, his increase was fair at the commencement, and he actually lived to the end of the experiment, his weights are admitted into the calculations. vibram fivefingers This bad result, as to the health of the animals, is sufficiently general in the different pens to show that the explanation of it cannot be sought in the character of the special foods employed. vibram five fingers sale It is indeed more probable that the mangolds, and perhaps not immaterially the confinement also, were at fault.A glance at the fop line of results in the Table will show how very general throughout the pens was the loss of weight during the first 22 days. In the bottom one is given the total gain of each animal, inclusive of this preliminary period. This estimate, however, is an under-statement of the effects of the special foods, since it is affected both by the amount of dirt and moisture lost, and by the depreciation due to the inaptitude of the five fingers shoes succulent food employed. The results of the experimental period, on the other hand, being, as has been before observed, more probably in excess, depending chiefly on some few cases of individual irregularity. In some few instances, however, the somewhat excessive rates of gain of single animals, after the commencement of the experimental period, are seen not to have been preceded by a corresponding loss, and in such cases the results of the experimental period are not open to the objections referred to above.The average weekly gain of the animals is given in Table III.Looking across the columns of the Table, we see that whether we calculate from February 28, as skechers shape ups in the first division, or from March 20, as in the second, the rates of increase of different ' sheep upon the same food are very variable, and so general is the irregularity in all the pens, that it cannot be determined that one food was less subject to it than another. The variations are, however, more prominent on the experimental than upon the longer period—a circumstance already explained.Comparing the steeped malt and dust with the di~y malt and dust, we see that the dry gives the best results on the experimental period, and the steeped on the entire period : the discrepancy is due to the fact of a dissimilar condition of the animals in the two pens during the three weeks prior to the commencement of the Mbt shoes clearance experimental period—those on the dry malt losing in aggregate weight, whilst those on the steeped took better to their food at first, and did not, therefore, like the others, give afterwards an unnaturally rapid increase.The barley and malt were at first both steeped for about 12 or 14 hours, but it was thought that the barley at least was not sufficiently softened, and therefore the time of soaking was extended to 36 hours or more for both malt and barley. This seemed to increase the relish with which the barley was taken, but the malt was almost entirely refused, and so long as it was thus prepared very few mangolds either were eaten, and within a few days all the sheep were seen to be deteriorating,

aud the results to be detailed will show that these vibram five fingers circumstances were not without their influence.A flock of 100 three-year old wethers, which had been recently fed in the field upon swedes and clover-chaff, were weighed February 26, from which, according to weight and general similarity of breed, 45 were taken, and 5 put into vibram fivefingers each of 9 of the experimental pens, it being so arranged, that, as far as possible, each sheep had its counterpart in weight and make in each of the other pens, vibram five fingers sale though within each pen the animals mifive fingers shoes first weighed, the sheep were very dirty, and it would have been desirable to have had thein previously trimmed; but it was considered that they would compare with each other in this respect, and that as it was intended to allow them a week or more to get accustomed to the new food and situation before commencing the exact experiment, they would by that time have lost much of their adherent dirt, and that their second weights would be somewhat uniform. For skechers shape ups some time, however, scarcely any of the animals did well upon their food, by no means a fair allowance of the mangolds being eaten.The mangolds were supplied to all the pens in any quantity the animals chose to eat them. The beans were, from the commencement, scarcely touched; one of the animals fed upon them had soon to be removed and killed, and the rest, with the exception of a single sheep, lost so much as to bring the average weight down below that of any of the other pens—a result which is not easily accounted for by a consideration of the character of the food supplied. It was soon discontinued, however, and oilcake and swedes, a few mangolds only being intermixed, were given to the animals until they were supposed somewhat to have regained their position, after which mangolds and oil-cake were given alone. Mbt shoes clearance The collected results of the experiments are given in Table II.An account of the progress of those animals which either died from illness, or were killed, is excluded from this Table; and it will be seen that there was one such in pen 1, with dry barley; one in pen 3, with steeped barley; one in pen 4, with steeped malt; and one in pen 6, with the beans. No. 1 sheep, in pen 3, also with dry malt

but the quantity of these is less in this case, with common vibram five fingers white turnips alone, than in anv of the cases of the second series of experiments, in which, as will be remembered, there were given in one pen oil-cake and cloverchaff, in one linseed and clover-chaff, in another barley and cloverchaff, and in another malt and clovev-chaff. vibram fivefingers The prominent inference from the results of the second and third series of experiments—in the former of which it is supposed that there was probably an excess of all required constituents of food, and in the latter at least of some—is, that in neither were these in vibram five fingers sale a favourable condition to meet the wants of the animals; and that if, as we believe to be the case, other things being equal, the amount of nitrogen in food greatly determines its value as such, there will be a very wasteful expenditure of it, unless the food employed be suited to the tastes and circumstances of the animals; and that if these points be not attended to, any calculation as to the probable amount of meat and manure respectively, produced by the vibram five fingers kso consumption of a given amount of food, will be uncertain and unsatisfactory. Under any circumstances, however, the attainment of so desirable an end as bringing within the range of fixed rule and measurement the subtle, yet not capricious, operations of animal life, would seem, five fingers shoes from the very nature of the subject, to be fraught with difficulty, as indeed the results of experiment are found to furnish ample testimony.Experiments With Sheep.—Series IV.It was intended by this series of experiments further to test the feeding and manuring value of barley and malt, compared both one with the other, and with other articles of food. It will be remembered that in the former experiments with these substances, the complementary food was clover-chaff; and, that the animals not making much progress, this was supposed to be due to the want of succulent food, which, however, could not at the time be Mbt shoes clearance sale employed.The present series was commenced in February, 1849; and it was at first intended to have given Swedish turnips with the other foods, but it was feared that they would not remain in a good and sound condition so long as the experiment was required to be continued, and mangold-wurzel was therefore decided upon as better suited to our purpose in some respects, though in others not without objection ; for although the mangolds would remain in a sufficient state of preservation to the end of the experiments, yet they are seldom a genial food so early in the season as it was required to use them, whilst sheep do not seem to relish them as thev do the turnip ;

food than by the composition of the solid substance itself, vibram five fingers which was known to be not matured, and seems to have been quite unfit for food, since all the animals lost weight, notwithstanding that the weekly consumption of nitrogenous compounds toas considerably greater than in any of the other cases; indeed, in pen 2, with a vibram fivefingers gain in weight of 45 lbs., there was only 029 lbs. consumed per week, whilst in pen 4 there was a loss of 20 lbs., with a consumption per sheep per week of 039 lbs. vibram five fingers sale of nitrogen—an amount as great as that provided in the pen with oil-cake and swedes in the first series of experiments !Here then we have a striking illustration of the fact, that, however important the ultimate composition of food may be, its state of combination may materially affect its value. Indeed it is seen that double the requisite amount of some of the more five fingers shoes important constituents of food may be expended upon the animal without any benefit whatever; and with these facts before us in reference to the turnip bulb in different stages of growth and maturity, it can scarcely be wondered at that the leaves, notwithstanding their high per centage of nitrogen, should be comparatively valueless as food; nor can it be doubted that the want of nutritive qualityis due, as we have before observed, to the amount they contain of unorganized or deficiently elaborated constituents.The variableness in the amount of ultimate constituents required to produce a given effect, according to their condition of combination and elaboration, is clearly seen in Table 4, in which are given the amounts of fresh turnips, of dry-organic-matter, of mineral matter, and of nitrogen, vibram fivefingers which were consumed in the several pens to the production of 100 lbs. increase in live weight, the results, of course, of pens 1, 2, vibram five fingers kso and 3 only being open to this calculation. There is a difference in this respect, according to the composition of the turnips in the several cases, of about 7 tons of the fresh roots—there being about 7J tons consumed in pen 2, about 11J tons in pen 1, and 1-lf tons in the 3rd, Mbt shoes clearance sale or nearly as many more as in the first. It is worthy of remark, too, that in pen 2, the turnips of which were taken at the best stage of growth, though their per centage of nitrogen was less than those of pen 3, there is not only a less amount both of dry-organicmatter and nitrogen consumed to produce a given amount of gross increase than in either of the other cases,

Looking to Table 2, and excluding the results of the 4th pen, wherein all the animals lost weight, we find that upon this insufficient diet of turnips only, there were of them 22,260 lbs., or about 10 tons, containing 1757 lbs. of dry organic matter, vibram five fingers 140^ lbs. of mineral matter, and 37i lbs. of nitrogen, consumed to produce 95 lbs. increase in live weight, which may be estimated to contain about 3 lbs. of nitrogen. This result, as far as regards the consumption of and produce by nitrogen, is as favourable as that of the second series, wherein the amount of dry substance in the food consumed was in excess rather than in defect, as in the present instance: they are, however, less favourable than that of series 1. vibram fivefingers Turning to Table 3, we see that the average weekly consumption to 100 lbs. live weight of animal was about 1^ cwt., there being, however, a smaller quantity consumed in pen 4, the roots in that case being more unripe than in any of the other pens. vibram five fingers sale The comparisons will, however, he brought more clearly to view in the column of dry-organic-matter consumed.Thus we have to each 100 lbs. live weight, 14^ lbs. in pen 1, 13 lbs. in pen 2,12á in pen 3, and only ll+lbs. in pen 4, of dryorganic-matter consumed weekly; and when five fingers shoes we take into consideration the comparative qualities of the several lots of turnips, the relation of these quantities to each other would seem to be just such as might have been anticipated, and to offer further indication of the fact, that consumption, to a great extent, is regulated by a demand for available non-nitrogenous organic constituents of food. vibram five fingers kso The highest amount of dry-organic-niatter consumed was in pen 1, where the turnips were too far grown, and such as are usually termed pithy; and it is probable, therefore, that the amount of matters strictly applicable as food to the animal was less than in pen 2, where the roots were less fully grown. In pen 3 there is a less amount of dry-organic-matter consumed than in the Mbt shoes clearance sale former ones, though it will be seen that the quantity of fresh roots was larger in this than in any of the other cases; and it is probable that, independently of the defective nutritive quality of these turnips arising from their lower state of maturity, the large amount of water necessarily swallowed with the food, would put some check upon the quantity eaten, and thereby prevent the supply to the animals of as much as would provide the amount required for their health and increase, of the fully elaborated substances. In pen 4 there was much less dry-organic-matter consumed than in any of the rest, whilst it would appear that the limit of consumption was here less regulated by the amount of water taken with the

Looking to Table 2, and excluding the results of the 4th pen, wherein all the animals lost weight, we find that upon this insufficient diet of turnips only, there were of them 22,260 lbs., or about 10 tons, containing 1757 lbs. of dry organic matter, vibram five fingers 140^ lbs. of mineral matter, and 37i lbs. of nitrogen, consumed to produce 95 lbs. increase in live weight, which may be estimated to contain about 3 lbs. of nitrogen. This result, as far as regards the consumption of and produce by nitrogen, is as favourable as that of the second series, wherein the amount of dry substance in the food consumed was in excess rather than in defect, as in the present instance: they are, however, less favourable than that of series 1. vibram fivefingers Turning to Table 3, we see that the average weekly consumption to 100 lbs. live weight of animal was about 1^ cwt., there being, however, a smaller quantity consumed in pen 4, the roots in that case being more unripe than in any of the other pens. vibram five fingers sale The comparisons will, however, he brought more clearly to view in the column of dry-organic-matter consumed.Thus we have to each 100 lbs. live weight, 14^ lbs. in pen 1, 13 lbs. in pen 2,12á in pen 3, and only ll+lbs. in pen 4, of dryorganic-matter consumed weekly; and when five fingers shoes we take into consideration the comparative qualities of the several lots of turnips, the relation of these quantities to each other would seem to be just such as might have been anticipated, and to offer further indication of the fact, that consumption, to a great extent, is regulated by a demand for available non-nitrogenous organic constituents of food. vibram five fingers kso The highest amount of dry-organic-niatter consumed was in pen 1, where the turnips were too far grown, and such as are usually termed pithy; and it is probable, therefore, that the amount of matters strictly applicable as food to the animal was less than in pen 2, where the roots were less fully grown. In pen 3 there is a less amount of dry-organic-matter consumed than in the Mbt shoes clearance sale former ones, though it will be seen that the quantity of fresh roots was larger in this than in any of the other cases; and it is probable that, independently of the defective nutritive quality of these turnips arising from their lower state of maturity, the large amount of water necessarily swallowed with the food, would put some check upon the quantity eaten, and thereby prevent the supply to the animals of as much as would provide the amount required for their health and increase, of the fully elaborated substances. In pen 4 there was much less dry-organic-matter consumed than in any of the rest, whilst it would appear that the limit of consumption was here less regulated by the amount of water taken with the

It will here be seen that the head of the calf is protruding from vibram five fingers the labia; in other words it is born, while the lore-legs and the rest of the body of the animal still occupy the vagina and uterus. The first remark to make is, that at the commencement of labour this was a presentation of the head within the vaginal passage, unaccompanied with the simultaneous advance of the legs, a condition of things of not unfrequent vibram fivefingers occurrence. Occasionally it will happen in this presentation, when the pelvis is large and the parturient pains very strong, that the head will be forced out; but far more frequently, its being born depends on the misapplied efforts of those who are called to give assistance to the cow. Farmers and others are too apt to imagine, when an examination proves the head of the foetus to be located in the vagina, that by applying force and bringing it through, delivery will be effected; but it should be always remembered, that in mares and cows, and even in ewes, unless the lamb is very small and the pelvis of the ewe of full dimensions, it is impossible for this to be done. In a head presentation the operator should first place a cord, with a runningloop, on the lower jaw of the foetus, next exercise force sufficient to return it into the uterus; afterwards adjust vibram five fingers shoes the legs, then bring up the head by drawing at the cord on the jaw and proceed to deliver. Should he be called to a case like the one figured, no attempts to return the head, or to draw away the foetus, as I have before stated, ought to be made, as these will be altogether futile. The foetus must at once be sacrificed that the life of the mother may be saved. Let an incision be made through the skin from the pole to the muzzle, and another from the vibram five fingers sale gullet to the end of the lower lip ; dissect the skin on either side from off the head so as to unite the upper and lower cuts, and then detach the skull from the trunk at the occipital joint.Having done this, attach a cord to the incised skin, and put back the neck into the womb; skechers shape ups feel for, and place in, their proper position the fore-legs, then bring up the neck and deliver.In this instance the calf is lying on its back in the womb, with the legs turned towards the spinal column of the cow. Labour here is usually of long duration, and various expedients are adopted by practitioners to adjust the foetus prior to the employment of traction to remove it: but- in most cases I have proceeded as follows:—first a cord has been placed on the lower jaw to secure the head so that at will it might be brought forward. Next, similar cords have been fastened on each fore-leg; the one attached to the leg represented in the fore-ground running on the outer side of the other limb, marked a in the sketch. An assistant has then been directed to draw tightly at this so as to facilitate our endeavours to turn the foetus on its side, by placing the hand near the withers, as represented in the sketch. This being effected, the legs are brought into the vagina, Mbt shoes clearance and then the head: these additional manipulations will cause the foetus to turn, as it were, upon itself, when it may be safely extracted.One of the most difficult forms to deal with, and which invariably costs the practitioner considerable labour and anxiety, is that

The immediate cause of oestrum is the existence of fully matured ova within the ovaries of the female; and when these escape, vibram five fingers without coition and consequent impregnation, we observe a temporary cessation of the desire until other ova are equally perfected. It follows, therefore, that impregnation can only be effected when the ova are in this condition. The time occupied in the development of the ova differs in different animals, hence the variation we witness in their return to the male. vibram fivefingers The ordinary symptoms of oestrum in the cow and other animals are too well known to render it necessary to repeat them ; and it is sufficient to state that they denote a highly excited state of the system. Impregnation is produced by the fecundating fluid of the male acting on the matured ovum of the female, which action probably takes place in the ovarium. Physiologists are acquainted with many phenomena which illustrate this. The way in which the male or seminal fluid finds its course through the body and horns of the uterus, and thence through the Fallopian tube to the ovarium, vibram five fingers shoes is disputed. Its conveyance, however, is generally believed to be effected through the agency of moving filaments, called spermatozoa, with which it abounds. Hence it is all important that the Fallopian tubes should be pervious, or impregnation cannot take place. If their passage be obliterated, as we have often proved by the experiment of passing a ligature around them, the animal is as effectually rendered non-productive as if the whole parts had been vibram five fingers sale taken away. The above facts explain how it is that, in the ordinary operation of spaying, the simple removal of the ovaries, leaving in situ the uterus with its horns and Fallopian tubes, destroys the desire as well as the power of conception, and when by accident or otherwise the operator leaves behind an ovarium, all other parts being cut away, the animal five fingers shoes returns to the male, notwithstanding she is sterile.The impregnated ovum when it bursts and escapes from its ova-sac is seized or entangled by the fimbriated edge of the Mbt shoes clearance sale Fallopian tube, and subsequently conducted into the uterus, where it excites that extraordinary action which leads to the formation of a new creature in every essential particular like its parent. Should the ovum not be caught by the fimbria, it falls into the cavity of the abdomen, but is not necessarily destroyed, as even here, although out of its proper matrix, it sets up an analogous action to that which otherwise would have been produced within the uterus.

Thus we have explained the formation of those extra-uterine foetuses, which are occasionally met with both in human and veterinary practice.Without describing the earliest stages of the formation of the foetus from the impregnated ovum, vibram five fingers it will be sufficient to remark that in the descent of the ovum into the uterus it receives a coating of effused fibrin, which forms the membrane termed the corium, by which the foetus is attached to the inner surface of the womb, and obtains from the mother the materials necessary for its vitality and growth. The outer surface of the corium (see Plate) is thickly studded in the cowv vibram fivefingers and ewe with shaggy projections, c, named cotyledons, and these are fitted into corresponding concavities, b, in the membrane lining the womb, the tunica decidua uteri, thus forming the bond of connexion we have spoken of. The tufts of the corium contain the vibram five fingers shoes ramification of the foetal vessels, and the concavities of the tunica decidua uteri the enlarged and elongated branches of the uterine arteries of the mother: thus by the two sets of vessels lying in contact, the blood of the foetus is purified and reinvigorated, as the maternal blood is more highly oxygenated than that of the foetus. The change which is effected is a chemical one, and analogous to that taking place in the lungs of an animal after birth ; the cotyledons, vibram five fingers sale therefore, may so far be regarded as the foetal lungs. Besides this important office performed by them, the vessels of the foetus are here surrounded by a thick layer of cells which absorb nutrient matter from the mother and transmit it to the blood of the foetus. Hence the cotyledons may also be compared to the stomach, or rather to the digestive and assimilative five fingers shoes organs of a perfect animal. Thus it will be seen that although there is no direct communication between the vessels of the mother and those of the foetus, yet every requisite for its life and growth is provided for.the force of a blow. The liquor amnii, with its investing membrane, is also made to serve a no less important office, that of being protruded into the mouth of the womb at the commencement of parturition, thus acting as a hydrostatic dilator.The allantoid membrane is situated between the amnion and corium, where it forms a sac to receive the urinary secretion of the foetus: it is of large size in the lower animals, and its dimensions increase with the growth of the foetus, a phenomenon which is not observed in the human subject. The allantoid sac Mbt shoes clearance sale has a direct communication with the true urinary bladder by means of the urachus (see Plate, f). The umbilical cord, h, is composed of this tube, the urachus, and the arteries, i, which convey the impure blood out of the body of the foetus to the cotyledons, and the veins,_/, which return it after having been re-oxygenated in the manner previously alluded to. It will be evident from the foregoing remarks, that a due provision is made for an equal distribution of this pure blood through the body of the foetus, so that every part of the frame may be built up at the same time;

represented in fig. 10. Here we observe that the foetus is vibram five fingers lying with its head towards the chest of the cow, having the hinder parts pressed against the brim of the pelvis, and the hind legs placed under the body, so that on introducing the hand we can only feel the breech. We have here to reverse the position of the hind-legs and bring them into the vaginal passage, as delineated in fig. 11, or delivery will be impossible. vibram fivefingers The great difficulty in doing this arises from the little command we have over the parts from our inability to grasp the hind legs : consequently many years since I was led to construct a simple instrument to enable the practitioner to surmount this difficulty. The instrument, which is sketched in fig. 10, consists of a curved piece of steel having an aperture at one end, skechers shape ups to which a small cord is attached, at the other a female screw is placed, which admits of its junction to a whalebone staff, and between the two another opening exists, into which is inserted a stronger cord.Taking the staff with the two cords in his hand, the operator is to pass the instrument between the thighs of the calf, and push it in front of the stifle-joint, and then with a turn of the wrist to direct the small cord outwards. An assistant holding the instrument, the hand of the accoucheur is vibram five fingers shoes now to be introduced and directed to the front part of the stifle-joint, when the cord can be readily grasped and brought out; thus the limb will be embraced between the two cords : the whalebone staff is then to be detached, and the smaller cord to be run through a noose at the free end of the larger one, when, by drawing the smaller cord, the curved part of the instrument will travel round the limb, bringing with it the larger cord, and thus a looped ligature will be placed upon the leg above the hock. The like proceeding is to be adopted with the other leg.The above constitute the principal varieties of preternatural presentations; Mbt shoes clearance there are, however, some modifications of each, but these will not require from me a further explanation. The rules I have laid down are applicable as general principles, and can be adapted to each particular case.Besides the methods of extraction

he vagina, i (fig. 2), extends vibram five fingers from the external shape, the labia jmdendi, to the mouth of the womb, b ; it is placed at the lower part of the pelvis, and has the rectum above it, and receives inferiority the opening of the urinary bladder, h; previous to parturition its walls become flaccid, and its inner surface is bedewed with a copious mucous secretion to favour the passage of the foetus. In the act of coition the intromittent organ of the male is placed within the vagina, and is thus brought in contact with the mouth of the womb, vibram fivefingers by which means the fecundating fluid is conveyed into that organ.The uterus, or womb, a, is held in its situation chiefly by the broad ligaments, ff; at its anterior part its coats are continuous with the va?ina, and posteriorly it is divided into the two horns, c c, vibram five fingers shoes which have attached to their extremities the Fallopian tubes, d d, and connected with these are the ovaries, e e. During the period of gestation the os uteri (mouth of the womb) remains closed; but at the time of parturition it is widely dilated, thus forming a free and open passage from the vagina to the interior of the uterus. The coats of the uterus are three, and are united to vibram five fingers sale each other by areolar tissue: the external or serous coat is smooth and continuous with the lining membrane of the abdomen ; it gives support to the viscus, and by its reflections forms the two broad ligaments. The middle or muscular coat varies considerably five fingers shoes in strength and thickness, referable to impregnation or non-impregnation; it is thin and comparatively weak in the latter case, and its fibres, which interlace each other in every direction, become greatly increased during gestation. On the muscular coat the expulsion of the foetus from the uterus in delivery partlv depends. The internal or mucous coat has a velvety appearance, and it secretes the menstrual fluid; but its principal use in the lower animals is to form Mbt shoes clearance sale a bond of connexion between the mother and her young ones, by which their vitality is preserved and their development effected.We will now add a few remarks on the causes of oestrum, impregnation, and the development of the foetus. The term oestrumis employed to designate that condition of the female which shows her fitness and desire for the male. Its early or late appearance is governed by a variety of external circumstances. It is associated with puberty, and passes off on the approach of old age. In some of our improved breeds of cattle, especially when well kept and tended, oestrum comes on very early in life, and in such instances the animal often conceives when she is little more than a year old. These early conceptions, however, too frequently prove injurious, by interfering with the development of the frame of the female, and also by deteriorating the quality of her offspring. Domestication, with its ordinary accompaniments, exerts a considerable stimulating influence on the generative system ; thus some animals which in a state of nature produce but one litter a year, will, when domesticated, bring forth several: such are the dog and pig.

which I have spoken of, it will sometimes be necessary, from the great size of the foetus and other causes, vibram five fingers to have recourse to embryotomy, or the dissection of the foetus. In a lecture of this kind it is not to be expected that we can describe this process, which must necessarily differ in almost every instance, and ought never to be undertaken by any but those who have made this subject their especial study. One rule, and only one, I will mention, and that is never to remove a limb before having dissected back the skin, so that the various instruments employed may be attached to it, thus securing all the advantages of the limb to exercise traction upon without having the disadvantage of its size.To the veterinary surgeon I need vibram fivefingers scarcely say that, varying the position of his patient will materially assist his efforts, and that he is enabled to manipulate with far greater facility when the animal is standing ; but whether standing or otherwise, he must not cease his endeavours to adjust the foetus and accomplish its early removal.During protracted labour vibram five fingers sale the patient's strength should be supported by diffusible stimulants and cordials, for the expenditure of the vital powers is very great: many cases are lost even after delivery from inattention to this circumstance; good ale, with the addition of some alcoholic spirit, skechers shape ups constitutes a most useful agent for the purpose. 9When the foetus has been extracted, no stimulants should be given, as these would bring on inflammatory action; but to quiet the system, a dose of tinct. opii, varying from 1 vibram five fingers shoes to 2 ounces, ought to be exhibited. The quantity here named will be proper for a mare or cow, a fourth part of which will be sufficient for a sheep. And I should also state that, although my remarks have been chiefly confined to parturition in the cow, still the rules laid down are equally applicable to other animals.It was my original intention to have spoken of the consequences of parturition and the diseases and casualties immediately connected therewith, but having already exceeded the limits of an ordinary lecture, I must bring our observations to a close, thanking you sincerely for the kind Mbt shoes clearance attention I have received, and expressing a hope that the principles I have laboured to expound will hereafter prove of advantage

 After laying the sods over the hemp they must be trod upon frequently, vibram five fingers to sink them and make the water appear between the sods; care must be taken that the roots of the hemp are put the lowest in the water; vibram fivefingers the treading must be repeated every day until the hemp is ready to be taken out of the water, which will be from nine to ten days if the weather is warm, and rather longer if the weather is cold. This requires considerable skill and experience before a person becomes a thorough judge on the point; the following rules will, however, if strictly followed, answer the purposes of a novice, and, if strictly adhered to, he cannot go far Vol. x. Nwrong. Let him, when he thinks the retting has gone far enough, take out of the water a glean from the middle, from which take out a stem, then hold the stem by the root end, and draw the thumb-nail up the stem to the top; vibram five fingers shoes if the fibre slip up the stem, it will be sufficiently retted ; if not, it will require another day, or perhaps more; also spread the glean on its side on the land to dry, it will do so in the course of the day; if the stem then breaks freely, and the fibre leaves it easily, it will have got a good ret, as it is called. When thus far finished, the sods must be taken off, and two men will be required to take out the gleans; one to lift them partly out of the water with a fork, root first; the other taking them from him with a fork ; and thus, with the assistance of the bottom man, the gleans are lifted on to the ground, and form a couch, and so proceed until finished. The next day, as if suffered to remain longer in the couch it heats and rots immediately, it is carted out, care being taken that it is laid straight in the cart and taken to grass-land that has been mown and the vibram five fingers sale hay taken therefrom for some time, so that a considerable quantity of new grass or eddish may have grown, in which case the worms do not take in the fibre so much.* After it is laid out on the eddish it should be spread by women very evenly in rows, at  five fingers shoes Is. 6d. per day and their diet with beer. The hemp will require to lie on the eddish perhaps three weeks or more to bleach and the fibre to get free; it will require turning over with a light long pole, putting the pole underneath the top part and lifting it over ; this must be done very evenly every three or four days : this labour is done by women.To ascertain when it has lain long vibram five fingers kso enough on the grass to bleach, the cultivator must after ten days or less, if there have been heavy dews, examine the stems in different parts of the field ; and if he discovers any pink spots on the stems, it will be sufficiently bleached, if not it must lie longer; there is no fear of the fibre deteriorating until the pink spots appear: vibram five fingers shoes that perhaps by  skechers shape ups frequent turning may be three weeks ; the hemp must then be gathered and tied into bundles, and set up in stooks to dry (the stooks consisting of ten or twelve bundles each), and tied from the middle bundle of each side to each end, to keep the wind from blowing it over. When perfectly dry, it must be carried from the field and placed in a barn or ricked in some exposed part with cullis roof, where it will keep dry. The scutching has next to be* When hemp is spread on summer-eaten grass-land, the worms will draw a considerable quantity of the fibre into their holes; there requires a good portion of grass after mowing to prevent them (the worms) from so doing;—the stumps and new grass prevent the worms destroying the fibre, provided proper attention is paid to the turning.provided for, good breaks and scutching-stocks being 'obtained.

 This labour will cost from Is. to Is. 6rf. per stone, according to the vibram five fingers goodness and perfect ret and bleaching. The cultivator must be careful to instruct his scutcher to make the hemp up in halfstones of four heads each, tied round with its own heads tightly drawn through the hand; it makes it look remarkably neat; the pullings, as they are termed, are tied up in half-stones, with a band round the middle, the ends drawn together bound into a knot.I will now notice what is to be done with the female or seedhemp, vibram fivefingers provided the same is left for seed. In the fore part of September the seed-hemp will be ready for pulling; this may be known by observing and examining the four low seeds on the stem, called by growers elbow-seed; if they are of a dark grey colour and firm inside, and the husks turning a little yellow, it will be ready to pull. By this season strong winds may have occurred, so heavy as to break some of the seed-hemp: instructions must therefore be given to the women vibram five fingers shoes that pull the hemp, to gather the fallen stems (as they contain seed) and to be careful not to break the stem or cramp it in the hand, as it is termed. Breaking is very detrimental to hemp (I should have observed the same with regard to pulling white hemp). five fingers shoes The same management has now to be observed with respect to retting, &c, as previously noticed with regard to white hemp. vibram five fingers sale The seed-hemp should be set up in stooks of 40 gleans each ; they are convenient for counting, and the under-growth must be raked up and spread evenly over the tops of the stooks to keep off the birds which will infest it, and the heads tied round with a band of the same material to keep the wind from disturbing it. The cultivator may know when the seeds are sufficiently matured to thrash out by the crispness of the capsules and the facility with which the seeds fall out. A cloth will now have to be procured and vibram five fingers kso spread in some convenient part of the field, and a bolster raised on one side of the cloth from the wind to prevent the soil from falling on the cloth amongst the seed; the stooks must be drawn to the cloth without being taken to pieces, by a rope passing round the stook under the heads and passed over the drawer's shoulder: this requires a strong man;—he must then place skechers shape ups the head part carefully on the cloth. To prevent loss of seed, thrashing ought to be proceeded with as soon as ready, as days at this season (September) are getting short, and fogs frequently occur, so that a single hour ought not to be lost. As soon as the hemp is thrashed, the grower may proceed to water it as directed for white hemp, or make it into a rick, and have what is called a spring-ret; if placed in a rick, care must be taken that it is properly

The thicker it is on the land the finer and more slender it will grow. vibram five fingers The most approved practice of sowing is to sow the fresh-ploughed land up every evening, and harrow the seed in well with light harrows. vibram fivefingers If during this the land rises full of clods through carting the manure, it will be advisable to run a light roller over that portion where the clods rise, and leave the land to be harrowed up again after the roller. The best season for sowing hemp is from the 1st to the 12th of May; a few days later must do if the weather is wet. On sowing later than the 12th of May the fibre grows thin and weak. As the sowing is proceeded with, what surface drains require to be opened must be done immediately. As the seeds sprout very quick, it is useless and worthless to sow hemp on land other than in very high tilth." The pulling of hemp was well understood at the breaking up of the late war; since then it has been very little cultivated; it has now become a new article of agriculture. vibram five fingers shoes When hemp is sown previous to the 12th of May, it is fit to pull for " white'' (or linen) purposes early after the 12th of August; previous to that time the fibre has not set, nor has the male stem shed its pollen. It was a practice many years ago, when white hemp ruled high, to pull the weak plants, and all the male stems immediately after the pollen was shed, and vibram five fingers sale leave the female stems to stand for seed. This labour was all performed by women and old men; the price of pulling 100 gleans (as they were termed) was Is. or Is. 2d. per hundred of six score. After the hemp was thus pulled, and tied round the head with five fingers shoes four or five of its own stalks, it was laid down in rows with the root part spread out; a man must go round in the evening with a boy or woman to set it up in stooks of five or six gleans, the boy taking a fork such as farmers generally use to knock and shake out the soil from the roots, and scrape ? out the undergrowth that lies in the bottom of the stems; in the course of a few days it will be ready to take to the water; before doing so, it will require tying near the roots, vibram five fingers kso with a band of twisted leaf reed, cut two or three days previously in order to soften, the gleans must then be jumped on the ground to level the roots. skechers shape ups When the hemp is carried to the water, care must be taken that the tops of the hemp hang well over the sides in order to cover the stems well; if the sods touch the stems at the sides, it turns the fibre black; the sods with which it is necessary to cover the hemp whilst in the water are generally cut at the side <>r as near as possible to the water, and are usually replaced when done with. The sods are sometimes cut with a rip-and-sod spade; sometimes with a paring-plough, and then cut into short lengths by the spade. Great attention has to be paid to the process of watering or retting, as it is a most important one.

 At the period alluded to, 1810 to 1815, superficial vibram five fingers drainage was mainly adopted in the low lands of Lincolnshire, which in fact, from their position, will always occupy a farmer's constant attention, and accounts for the reiterated cautions respecting drainage.to remain ; the sets may be laid out 6 to 8 yards wide. vibram fivefingers Attention must be paid to any plots where horse-mint or twitch had existed, which should be ploughed rather deeper, to raise the roots from the sole, otherwise the top culture will be of little avail. The last ploughing (unless the land has been very foul) will finish the tilth ; vibram five fingers shoes the roller and harrow must be applied again, and the roots got off, if such is the case, as often as will be found necessary to get the top-soil into good tilth. The month of April will be now advancing, by which time the farmer, if a man of business, will have his manure prepared; vibram five fingers sale 25 tons of which, well rotted, mixed stable and feeding-shed manure, should be applied per acre. Care must be taken to lay the manure on heavier where the land has been impoverished by twitch, horse-mint, or other deteriorating weeds. five fingers shoes I have applied yard-manure to rather stiff land with good success. By the preceding arrangement I calculate the cultivator will have from the 1st of May to the 12th of May to cart his manure and plough the land for seed. The manure must be carefully and evenly spread on the jside of the field intended to be ploughed first, the plough following close to the spreader. The cultivator of hemp must direct the spreader of the manure to throw out half the heap next to the ploughman first, and then turn down the other half. Long dry days dry the manure up until it is of little value, vibram five fingers kso if allowed to remain exposed to the sun and wind. The hemp-grower must be careful to direct his ploughman to cut a furrow not more than 6 inches, as hemp requires as many seams as possible for the seed to fall in along with the manure. I ought to have mentioned prior to this, that the cultivator should have carefully selected his seed, in doing so he must attentively follow the succeeding directions:—The bulk should be of a bright grey colour and bold appearance; skechers shape ups he must take care that it has not been heated in the heap in the warehouse. He may discover this by biting it between his teeth : if the taste is perfectly sweet, and the external appearance as above-described, he may rely on its goodness; if the taste is bitter, it will be found worthless. An acre of land requires 3 bushels of seed; if the hemp is required to manufacture into linen, 2 pecks more must be added.

as in the event of sowing such land with hemp it would vibram five fingers not be possible to pull it; for, when strong clay becomes saturated with rain, the soil runs together, and on drying sets as hard as a pavement. All soils suitable for the growth vibram fivefingers of hemp contain a fair portion of sand, the sand keeping the soil open and light, for the roots of the plant to work for its food. Sandy and bog land were cultivated for hemp, during the long-continued wars, in the neighbourhood of Crowland and Spalding; vibram five fingers shoes but was gradually discontinued before its conclusion, or nearly so, producing a very inferior article, that obtained a low price. The best mode of cultivating hemp, according to my experience, is as follows:—When the farmer has selected the portion of land which he intends sowing with hemp, he should plough it in November, and lay it up in about six yard ridges, so that it may mellow during the frosts. Care must be taken to plough the land 6 inches deep, vibram five fingers sale  if the soil will allow that depth, without interfering with the subsoil. This must be particularly attended to, as, if the subsoil is clayey or too much sand, and any be turned up, it will make the soil poor. The land must be well and properly drained, and the water-courses particularly attended to, and the furrows well opened in all parts of the land where water would be likely to remain at any period of the year; as wherever water has remained on the land at any time, there the hemp will be good for nothing. Early in March the land must be cross-ploughed if the weather is dry, and lie in that state until the beginning of April. The drainage must be attended to ;* as in a great number of seasons heavy rains fall in April and May, which if the water is left to lodge on the land, especially at that season of the year, makes the land cold and sad, five fingers shoes and the hemp will be of little or no value. The land having been attended to as just mentioned, it must be well harrowed in dry weather (the roller passed over it), and harrowed up again, and cleared of all roots and twitch. Twitch and horse-mint are fatal skechers shape ups to the growth of hemp. The roller and harrow must be applied as often as is found necessary to get the top-soil into  vibram five fingers kso fine tilth : then the land may be allowed to lie in that state for a few days, to dry up the small pieces of roots that remain ungathered, and the weeds will sprout. When this portion of the management has been effected, the land must be ploughed, the same way of the field it is intended*

 according as the object in view be either to obtain a vibram five fingers fine fibre adapted to the manufacture of cloth, at the sacrifice of the seed; or the fibre and seed conjointly. In the former case, a crop of turnips or rape, to be eaten by sheep, may be obtained after gathering the hemp.When the crop is grown entirely for the fibre, it is pulled while in flower, and no distinction made between the male and female hemp plants; vibram five fingers shoes but it is generally grown on account of both fibre and seed, in which case the usual practice is to pull the male plants as soon as the shedding of their pollen has effected the fecundation of the female. vibram fivefingers The pulling is effected in the following manner: the pullers walk in the furrows, between the ridges, and reach across to the crown of the ridge, gathering a stalk or two at a time. At this time the male stalks are easily known by their yellowish colour and faded flowers. In this operation the treading down of the female plants must be carefully avoided. The pulling of the female plants commences when the seed is ripe, vibram five fingers shoes which is known by the colour of the capsules turning to a brownish or greyish hue, and also by the fading leaves. I had proceeded thus far on this subject when I received a communication from a person to whom I had written for additional information on the subject, vibram five fingers sale and from whom I received the following valuable letter. I may mention that all my experiments were conducted under the direction of the person to whom I now allude, who received a medal for his excellent culture and subsequent management of the fibre, at the period (during the late war) when a considerable quantity of hemp was grown, and consequently considerable competition existed. I may mention that he is a native of Lincolnshire, and that his remarks apply principally as regards culture to the soil and climate of that county. five fingers shoes His remarks about the preparation of the fibre are of peculiar value, as I would with safety challenge his management and manual dexterity in this respect against all England as regards hemp and flax vibram five fingers kso1 might perhaps challenge with safety the world. I give his communication entire, as I deem it too valuable to be mutilated, and it would be difficult to select and re-arrange the matter without in some degree destroying a portion skechers shape ups of its value. He informs me in a subsequent letter that it was a common practice during the war to give with pupils 150i. to 200/. to a known good hemp farmer as a fee for teaching the mode. His experience—which, as he justly remarks, has cost him a considerable sum of money and much hard labour—is as follows :—" The soil best suited for this plant is a fat, strong mould, from 5 to 6 inches deep, and light clay loam is particularly suited. Care must be taken that the land is not over-heavy clay,

 An intelligent farmer in this neighbourhood last year vibram five fingers did not finish sowing his wheat till May, and even with that drenching sunless summer, it was cut in the earlv part of September, and produced above 32 bushels per acre. vibram fivefingers There is thus plenty of time to clear the turnips off the land ; skechers shape ups but there is an objection urged against growing clover with the spring wheat, as it invariably runs up so high, that when the wheat is cut in the short days of September, the quantity of clover will never die, and it is often found impossible to save the corn. This results from sowing the seed early ; but suppose the wheat to be sown in February, some time in April it may require to be hoed. After that operation let the clover be sovvn, and a good bush-harrow on wheels, or a light seed-harrow, be used to cover the seed. If hoeing be not required, the harrow will do just as well. vibram five fingers sale There will then be no trouble with clover at harvest; it will not uselessly expend itself, and there is sure to be a good plant, as wheat seldom lodges, and so grows that it readily admits air to the young seeds. Should the land be required to be laid down for a term of years, the natural grass seeds can be sown with the spring wheat instead of clover. About one-fourth of the land allotted for clover should be sown with rye fof spring feed, and vetches for soiling in yards, to be followed by rape, which grows beautifully here. This, fed off by sheep, would be a capital preparation for the wheat-crop, and prevent the too frequent repetition of clover. After wheat and barley, with the natural tendency of the soil to produce couch, and the uncertainty of a sufficiency of dry weather vibram five fingers shoes to clean the land for the root-crop, it would be unwise to grow a large quantity of vetches before turnips. Wheat sown on clover-ley is considered liable, in this climate, to be choked with grasses, but using a good plough with five fingers shoes a skim coulter Will materially remedy this. It may be found advisable to plough the land in July, immediately after the hay is carted, and make a bastard fallow for wheat. This will be found useful to eradicate rootweeds ; and, with a dressing of lime and manure, will often produce better crops than the ley ground. Barley after wheat often yields more corn, and it is decidedly of better quality; for when barley lodges, as, before observed, it frequently does when following turnips, the grain is light and it readily sprouts, and in addition to this it kills the layer. By far the most profitable course of farming weak and shallow land in this moist climate is, a fallow, oats and turnips, barley, grass. Suppose a field of light soil; clean it thoroughly, put it in good heart by lime and dung, and take a crop of turnips. Eat the principal part of these on the land by sheep or cattle ; give the field two shallow ploughings, sow the barley thin and seed thick with white clover and good perennial rye-grass. This land will not only keep, but feed, a great vibram five fingers kso quantity of stock, and will continue to do so for a series of years. The time for breaking up will be denoted by its mossing and fogging; and when ploughed, take but one crop of oats, turnips, barley, arid then down again as before. Shallow land, when laid down for a course of grass, is often infested with furze and brambles. The plan of burning them, so often resorted to, only increases and strengthens their growth. When the ground is taken up for a ley crop, a boy with a mattock should follow the plough, and tear up deeply all the roots which have escaped the share.

12: five fingers sale

 The foundation of the old system was not, at the time vibram five fingers it was practised, radically wrong, for natural good grass, excellent both in quantity and quality, constituted the chief wealth of Wales. The real evil is caused by the extension of the old system, which, as it now exists, cannot be too strongly condemned, for it is hardly possible to conceive a worse course of cropping. For five years the land produces feeble crops, and for five years it produces nothing, being provincially and appropriately termed " resting." vibram fivefingers It appears curious that, with a climate particularly adapted for green crops, so few turnips should be grown. A good rotation is the foundation of all farm economy; and till some better course is introduced, the agriculture of Wales cannot improve. skechers shape ups Turnips must be extensively cultivated. Wherever they have been tried, and had a fair trial, in good soils or bad, on elevated or low lands, they have invariably succeeded. After land has been once brought under tillage, summer fallows cannot be necessary. If the land requires rest, let it rest under the shade of the turnip, instead of roasting in the sun ; and should it want cleaning, use a little vibram five fingers shoes extra force, and prepare it for a green crop, and with a less harassing system of cropping it will never be so difficult to clean again. It is always considered abominable farming to take two white-straw crops in succession; still, with moderately high farming on good soils in this country, that abomination may be successfully practised. Experience has proved that on the better lands, barley, after a drawn crop of turnips, will frequently lodge. vibram five fingers sale Even Mr. Morgan, in his Prize Essay on the Cropping of Pembroke, admits " barley on some soils is not a safe crop after turnips." Although the following course cannot be defended on the principles upon which the rotation of crops are founded, yet it is practically found to be one best suited to the good land of this district:—1. Turnips; 2. Wheat; 3. Clover; 4. five fingers shoes Wheat; 5. Barley. Turhips flourish better when supplied with small portions of manure and guano combined, than if dressed only with the same value of each. Hand and horse hoeing cannot be too frequently or too carefully performed, and a portioh of the turnips should be consumed vibram five fingers kso on the land by the store sheep. Spring wheat flourishes well .in this climate, and has long been cultivated with success. So early as the end of the sixteenth century, the Lord of Kemmes says, " Sofner wheat is sowed in the latter ende of March, or beggining of April. It is a profitable grain, and yieldeth more increase than winter wheat." Mr. Davies observes, " Spring wheat seems well adapted to succeed turnips on soils not below mediocrity." He also mentions instances of wheat being sown on the 1st of May, and ripening within nine days of barley sown in the same field and at the same time.

 but happily there exists the West of England and South vibram five fingers Wales Draining Company, who really perform the work, as they profess, in the most " scientific, economical, and effectual manner." If therefore one large proprietor, or several smaller ones, would unite and engage the Company to drain their estates, the most beneficial results must accrue. Independently of the increase of produce, &c, it would practically show the farmer the best way hereafter to dispose his drains, and the labourer would see how to dig the drain, manage the new-fashioned tools, and judiciously place the pipes. vibram fivefingers The influence might at first be confined to a small locality, but as the advantages became glaring, others, seeing its profit, would follow the example, and the result would probably be that a large district would be effectually drained. It has been found that in draining the majority of land here, a regular system should be pursued, for the soil is so frequently injured by the combined influence of springs and surfacewater, that nothing short of thorough drainage on such ground will vibram five fingers sale be found satisfactory. The imperfect manner in which draining has been hitherto executed causes it to be so little appreciated. This must have been the case in Mr. Davies's time, or such an able and learned writer could not have asserted that covered drains in clayey land was an " ideal improvement," or recommended stone drains " to be covered with gravel to the very surface." skechers shape ups There can be no doubt that landlords should raise the farm buildings, and the lease tenants would cheerfully keep them in repair; but the repairs in this country are so heavy, that it is not fair to burden the tenant with them entirely. Some tracts are at a great distance from lime, the winds are continually damaging the roofs, the moisture of the air rots the wood, and iron speedily corrodes* if not covered with annual coats of paint. In selecting the site for a new homestead, water, shelter, and centricity should be well considered. Barns require to be larger ; warm and sheltered yards are wanted for the young cattle ; and the numerous well-known conveniences should be built which are requisite for rearing stock, and for successfully carrying on an improved vibram five fingers shoes system of agriculture.* " five fingers shoes Armoure will not indure in this couutrye halfe the lyme it will doe in England; for let. armoure be cleaned ever sue well, in one week it will grow rusti.-'—Hitt. Pembroke, ICOO.The introducers of the new style of farming have frequently pushed their favourite systems too far, " making art to supersede instead of assist nature." Thus the east of England and the west of Wales are so totally different in soil and climate, that the system which would be best in the one is found nearly impracticable in the other. The new rotation, therefore, when introduced in its purity, vibram five fingers kso exhibits such defects, that the farmer of the old school at once totally rejects it; and the introducer, after many years of trial, will find that, to make it profitable, he must relax some of his original exactness. The Welsh farmer, therefore, should adapt his system of improvements to his own soil and climate, and not to that of Norfolk, or any other totally different portion of the kingdom.

—Wheat on fallow, barley, peas, barley, and clover;  vibram five fingers wheat on ley, succeeded by numerous corn-crops, and occasionally broad-cast turnips. Some lew farmers of superior discernment practised turniping for parley, vibram five fingers shoes and took wheat on clovers-ley with one furrow, to the total exclusion of summer fallow, and this has rapidly gained ground; and the four-course, or slight deviation from it, is now the common system- It appears that the Vale of the Wye, and some parts of Radnor, were treated with better rotations vibram fivefingers earlier than most parts of Wales, for we find it mentioned that the Flemish course, adulterated with summer fallows, was common at the time of the last Report. As has been already stated, the soils here are mors clayey a,pd stiff than in the Vale of Usk, but the farming >s now precisely similar; and the following account of the tillage will explain the general system of this neighbourhood :—When land is intended for turnips it is made quite clean by frequent ploughing, scarifying, and harrowing, and then drilled with turnips vibram five fingers sale on the ridge, 24 inches apart, mapured either with farm-yard manure or artificial, such as guano, and bones dissolved with sulphuric acid. If the latter are used, two-thirds, and if the former, onehalf of the turnips are consumed skechers shape ups on the land by sheep folded, which are principally Leicesters. The remainder of the crop is brought to the farm-yard for the fat cattle, and also for young stock, which receive only the addition of straw.I now come to the concluding portion of the Report, viz. " The improvements still required, with reference to the character and climate of South Wales." The advances which have been recently made in the eastern counties of South Wales argue well for a continued progress in agriculture, vibram five fingers kso and those slight imperfections which still exist there may be easily removed by an enterprising and industrious tenant, with the assistance of a just apd Liberal landlord. It would therefore be great arrogance to suggest a series of improvements in such a rapidly progressing district, and the few humble remarks that follow will be found chiefly applicable to the interior and western portion of South Wales.It would be well therefore to commence at the fountainhead—draining. It is perfectly unnecessary to advance arguments to support that which all commend, five fingers shoes but draining is particularly wanted in South Wales, and till the land is made dry all other attempts at improvement will be abortive. There being so little sun and so much moisture in the atmosphere, it is highly necessary that the rays of the sun should not be employed in drawing oft' water from the land, but that they should proceed, without let or hindrance, to warm the soil and make the plant grow. The small amount of capital at the command of the tenantry renders it impossible for them to drain on a large scale. Giving them tiles would in many instances be a perfect waste of money, on account of the imperfect manner in which the draining would be performed. The only way therefore to hope for the accomplishment of such a desirable national object is for the landlords to perform it, and charge the tenants five per cent, on the outlay ; vibram five fingers shoes and should the landlord not have a sufficiency of spare cash, fortunately the Drainage Act supplies money to all who condescend to apply. Still there are many impediments in the way. First, the absence of tiles and pipes. It has been suggested that a temporary kiln and a tile-making machine, under the direction of an experienced workman, would produce a great quantity very cheaply. There is plenty of clay in almost every district for the manufacture of pipes, and slates, when cut to the required size, form capital and cheap soles for the tiles. Again, the labourers have not the remotest idea of digging an underdrain;

 lank and lean' sort, but of late some of a better breed have vibram five fingers been introduced." There is now evidently a desire amongst the better class of farmers to introduce better breeds of cattle as well as sheep. Short-Horns, Herefords, and Devons of the best sort are now to be found ; and sheep, although not of the best breed, yet of a larger size and more quiet habits, which is something, as a tolerable fence and a mountain Welsh sheep are seldom to be found in the same parish." Then as to the Corn Crops. vibram fivefingers There is for the most part some preparation for the wheat, crop. A piece of foul and weedy ley is ploughed in May or June, and undergoes what is called a fallowing; that is, vibram five fingers sale being ploughed two or three times, and harrowed, but no weeds are picked or carried from the land. In almost every case lime is applied ; and sometimes, with good farmers, a little farm-yard dung. After the wheat-crop is removed, the stubble is ploughed in winter, and again a scratching of a seed-furrow in May for barley. Seeds, that is clover, &c, are sometimes put in wilh the bailey crop, but rarely either in quantity or quality to be of any use. More often oats are taken after the barley, but the land by this time is so much exhausted and rampant with weeds, that you have some difficulty, skechers shape ups in passing, to tell what the crop upon the ground is. five fingers shoes There are instances of fields having been twenty or even thirty years in crop without ever having been seeded for grass." In Gower, as well as other places, much of the best lands are in haymeadows, but these are often late in being cleared in spring, and late harvested hay is always of inferior quality." Green Crops.—Potatoes have been extensively cultivated, and bear a high character in the Swansea market. The late disease has been severe >md destructive, but upon dry sandy soils by the sea the crops have been better than others. vibram five fingers kso The mode of cultivation has nothing peculiar." Turnips and mangolds, until very recently, were scarcely known;now, however, the cultivation of these valuable roots is extending rapidly.The soil and climate seem well adapted to the habits of these plants, andas good turnips and mangolds have been grown in Gower as anywhereelse in the kingdom."The example was first set by the present Lord Lieutenant of the county, who pursues the ' alternate husbandry,' and only takes one crop of corn after grass, then the green crops. Turnips or mangolds, followed by spring wheat or barley, with which last crop the land is again sown down with clover and rye-grass seeds for pasture the following year."Good labourers willing to work are seldom unemployed. The money wages paid at present in the western part of Gower may be from 10s. to lis. per week, but nearer Swansea they are higher; but those in the western parts have, for the most part, a few sheep on the adjoining commons, and, take it all and all, they would be unwilling to exchange places." The women and boys engaged in picking couch, hoeing turnips, and the like, vibram five fingers shoes get lOri. per day. Sometimes the farmers give victuals, and in that case the wages of a man are Is. per day. But in estimating the wages of labour in different districts of the kingdom, cottage-rent and fuel always form an important consideration. Without inquiring into these and other perquisites, no correct comparison can be made. It is believed that, although the cottages are often very inferior upon the whole, the labourers are not over-rated as to rent." The farm-buildings are very far from being what they ought to be, and generally ill-calculated to carry forward an improved system of agriculture ; but I have little doubt that landlords will be, for the most part, ready and willing to grant every encouragement in that respect to deserving tenants."Jtent of Land.—It is rather difficult to form a correct estimate of the rents in this district,

I believe they are thought to be low ; and upon the whole, 1vibram five fingers 4s. or 15s. per acre may be taken as about the average ; still I have no hesitation in saying that, under proper culture, very much of the land is capable of paying a much higher rent than is now paid for it."Having now arrived at the Vale of Glamorgan, it would be well just vibram five fingers sale to mention some of the distinguishing features between the East and the counties just quitted. The general style of husbandry resembles that of England. vibram fivefingers Waggons are common, implements good, fine Hereford cattle and large sheep in abundance, and the young stock are sheltered during the winter. The wheat-sheaves when bound are placed in stocks, while barley and oats are gathered in a loose state, and so taken to the ricks; the humidity of the air being less, this can be successfully practised. The hay is made carefully, being regularly cocked up at night, and kept fresh and green by this judicious treatment. five fingers shoes The large waggon-cocks vibram five fingers , perhaps, the finest istrict and as well farmed as any in South Wales. Although Mr. Davies mentions a few courses connected with turnips, it appears that the wheat, or fallow succeeded by many corn-crops, was the principal; and sometimes, skechers shape ups on the strong soils, wheat and beans for six years, and laid down for as many years. The fences, which were described "as capable of affording harbour for elephants," are now for the most part of moderate size, while the ricks still retain their superiority in neatness of construction. The entire absence of any system of cropping, so often mentioned, is here the same, and therefore renders the description of the improvement of its agriculture so difficult and complicated. After summing up all that I saw and the various information I obtained, it appears that vibram five fingers shoes some turnips are now grown by all farmers, vibram five fingers kso that wheat is taken on ley; spring wheat or barley succeeds turnips; that beans and oats are seldom grown, summer fallows are becoming rare, and the grass-seeds lie from one to four years. Those farmers who still cherish the remnants of the old system, take three or four corn-crops in succession, while the more enlightened are satisfied with two at the most. A portion of the turnips is usually consumed on the land by the sheep or young cattle. The Glamorgans are principally kept, and many are stall-fed on hay and turnips at four years old. The yearlings are fed in sheds during the winter ; in the day some turn them out to eat turnips in the fields, and take them in at night, while the two years old stock are treated in the same manner, but lodge in an open straw-yard. The Hereford cattle are more plentiful nearer Cardiff, and the general farming is of a very superior description in that locality. The labourers receive capital wages—from 10s. to 13s. per week, or from 10/. to 151. a-year, and board and lodging. The miners at their task-work earn from 18s. to 40*. per week. Few leases are now granted. The land in the Vale is injured by the large quantities of hay and straw sent to the mineral districts, the loss of which, in almost every instance, is inadequately supplied by manure not made on the farm.From the Brecknock Beacons Mr. Davies observed that the fallows in the Vale of the Ush were extremely numerous ; and he expre*ses a wish that instead of " such ruddy fields, they were clothed with luxuriant turnips." It certainly does appear strange that such a porous silicious soil, in a comparatively dry climate, should have been so long treated with a summer fallow, which rendered the land insufficiently solid for wheat. It is supposed that, in the original deposition of soil in this beautiful valley, water washed much of the clayey portion into Monmouth, and thus left the reddish sand to form the principal ingredient of the soil. The following were the principal courses in 1814:

Straw.An intelligent correspondent having kindly forwarded me vibram five fingers an account of the present state of the agriculture of Oower, I shall insert his remarks at length :—"The western portion of the county of Glamorgan, called 'Gower,' may be termed a peninsula, being bounded by the Llauelly Channel on the north, and the Irish and Bristol Channels on the south and south-east."The surface, without rising into vibram five fingers sale hills or mountains, is rather hilly or undulating, with occasional slopes and vales capable of being highly cultivated."At a rough estimate I should say that one-third of the entire surface i$ waste, a large portion of which is held in common."The most fertile, as well as the best cultivated, portions are thosewhich are naturally dry, being a sort of table-land above the limestonecliffs adjoining vibram fivefingers the sea, while the less favoured spots near the commons in the interior, which are under cultivation, are many of them not so dry, but quite capRble of beinsr made so, skechers shape ups by the now well understood process of thorough draining. With these preliminary remarks we shall now proceed briefly to state the system of farming generally pursued in Gower."Truly and correctly speaking the farmers are without system—each and every one having a way of his own—which has possibly been pursued upon the same farm for centuries past; still they have some features in common, especially as regards their treatment of live stock. All whose holdings are large enough keep cattle, generally of the Glamorgan breed. five fingers shoes The cows are kept as a sort of dairy; vibram five fingers shoes the principal produce sold from which is butter, generally of good quality. The cheese is miserable stuff, scarcely deserving the name. The calves are reared upon sour milk and whey, and when two years old, bear witness to the hard treatment they have received. The steers or oxen, when four years old, are sold to the dealers or drovers to be driven to the eastern counties of England, where they are re-sold to be fattened upon the tine grazing pastures of that district, for the London market. If anything is attempted to be fed off at home, it is generally some old cow which has become from age unfit for the purposes of the dairy." The sheep are, for the most part, of the small Welsh mountain breed ; vibram five fingers kso but as to their management there is literally none, unless it be that they are shorn of their wool. But ignorance in this important branch of rural economy is not confined to Gower, as it prevails at least over the county of Glamorgan. In a journey the other day by the mail-road, the writer cannot say that he saw one flock free from scab from Neath to Monmouth." The pigs are, for the most part, of the old *

he found " the soil more to be commended than the management," vibram five fingers and observed only one piece of fallow in the 3000 acres. He relates that forty successive white-straw crops had been taken without manure ; and sums up the rotations as follows :^^" Wheat, beans, barley, oats, bailey; oats, then wheat again; and the same course repeated for twenty years, or rather from time out of mind." vibram fivefingers The marsh presents a very different appearance now. About 1,000 acres have since that period been reclaimed from the sea, which is now some of the best land in the level. Several Englishmen have taken large holdings here, and are farming well. They all commence their rotation with a white-straw crop, then barley, then turnips, and afterwards spring wheat or barley; if the former, they generally take a fifth crop before the seeds are sown, but this depends on the state of the land. Beans are sown ovgr a considerable area, and very good crops are raised. vibram five fingers sale When the land is laid down to grass it produces most superior pasturage, and one of the best oxen ever slaughtered in this part of the country was grazed here last year.The neighbourhood of Kidwelly ought not skechers shape ups to be passed by without some notice of its improved agriculture. The cropping of this tract in 1816 was mentioned as—1. Wheat, on limed fallow; 2. Barley; 3. Oats; 4. Barley, or the pat-stubble manured and sown with 4. Wheat; then 5. Barley; or without clover, to rest vibram five fingers shoes from labour 5 years. There are several enterprising farmers who now pursue the following and similar rotations:—Ley taken up and sown with oats, then cleaned with turnips, which are mostly eaten off by the sheep, then barley five fingers shoes or spring wheat, and the last crop either barley or oats, with seeds. This mode is found to answer exceedingly well. Irrigating the pastures is here common; indeed all through the coal-fields the numerous springs or small streams are made to flow over the saturated clayey ground, which produces coarse inferior grass and, being undrained, plenty of rush. Below Kidwelly are extensive salt-marshes; nearer Swansea may be seen some successful instances vibram five fingers kso of thorough draining the stiff clays of the coal-measures. This is generally performed by the landlord; but there are a few spirited tenants with twenty-one years' leases, who have tile-drained their farms, and the general rotation of crops that they practise is oats on ley, turnips, then barley with grass-seeds. Few sheep are kept in the western parts of Carmarthen ; and the cattle are housed in the winter, as the land is so wet, that the stock could not select a dry spot to lie down on. The yearlings, steers, cows, &c, are all tied up in sheds; some receive a portion of hay, but they often subsist entirely on

and an universal mill, price 82. 8s., invented by Biddell, and manufactured by Rausome and Sims, of Ipswich; a Hurwood's patent metal mill on staud, manufactured by vibram five fingers Rausomes and Sims, of Ipswich, price 141.14s.; three sizes of a weighing machine, manufactured by the exhibitera, price 21. 2s. to 82.15s.; two specimens of an improved blowing machine, price 62. to 61.10a? and a dressing machine, price 122., invented and improved by Thomas Bartholomew, of Laogton, and manufactured by Joseph Dixon, vibram fivefingers of Lincoln; a blowing machine, price 42., and a single-row vibram five fingers shoes drill for drilling turnips upon ridge, price 72.10s., invents*!, improved, and manufactured by W. Edwards, of Welliugore; an improved turnip grubber or horse-hoe, improved and manufactured by the exhibitera, price 32.; a patent lever horse-rake, invented, improved, and manufactured by W. and J. Wright, of Stamford, price 72.; an improved draining level, vibram five fingers sale invented, improved, and manufactured by W. B. Webster, of Hounsdown, price 22.10s.; a set of patent spring links, invented, improved, and manufactured by Wm. Rice, of Boston, price from 7s. (id. to 12.5s. per pair; an improved horse-hoe, invented, improved, and manufactured by Wra. Walker, of West Ashby, price 2210s.; two specimens of an improved tubular iron and wood swathe rake, invented and manufactured by Warren Sharman, of Melton Mowbray, and improved by Thos. Simpson, of Lincoln, price 18s. and 12.; an improved tabular iron and wood swathe rake, invented, improved, and manufactured by Warren Sharman, of Melton Mowbray, price 16s. 6d.; an improved tubular iron and wood hand rake, invented, improved, and manufactured by Warren Sharman, of Melton Mowbray, price 3s. (id.; a platform weighing machine, five fingers shoes invented, improved, and manufactured by W. T. Avery, of Birmingham, price 42. 4s.; a light one horse fonr wheeled waggon, price 262., and a wood beam wheeled plough, price 22. 2a., invented, improved, and manufactured by Vincent Dawson, of Lincoln; two sets of cast steel Lincolnshire hay forks, invented, improved, and manufactured by William Curdill, of Legsby, price 12.10s. and 12. 16s.; a set of Lincolnshire hay forks, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibitera, price from 5s. to 6s. 6d. each, or 12. 3s. per set; a Bet of two swathe rakes, vibram five fingers kso invented, improved, and manufactured by Walker, of West Ashby, price 16s.; a Chubba' patent barn or granary door lock, price 12.17a., and a set of Chubba' padlocks, price 52. 10a. per set, invented, improved, and manufactured by C. Chubb and Sona, of St. skechers shape ups Paul's Churchyard, London; a seven horse power portable steam engine, invented, improved, and manufactured by Watkinson and Roby, of Lincoln, price 2802.; two sizes of an oilcake breaking machine, invented, improved, and manufactured by William Newzam Nicholson, of Newarkupon-Trent, price 32.3s. and 42.10s.;

 a four horse power patent portable steam engine, price 180f.; a six horse power fixed steam engine (this engine had the first prize of 20f. awarded to it at the Royal Agricultural Society's meeting held at Gloucester in 1853), price 175f. nett; vibram five fingers an eight horse power fixed steam engine, price 210f.; a combined portable thrashing, vibram five fingers shoes straw shaking, riddling, winnowing, chaff separating, and barley horning machiue (this machine waa exhibited at the Royal vibram five fingers sale Agricultural Society's meeting held at Lewes, 1852, and had a prize of 20f. awarded to it), price 95f.; a combined portable thrashing, atraw shaking, riddling, winnowing, chaff separating, and barley horning machine, price 952.; a set of fixed barn works (a silver medal and lOf. were awarded to this piece of machinery when exhibited at the Society's meeting held at Lewes, 1852, and a silver medal at the Society's meeting held at Gloucester, 1853), price 150f. nett; a pair of registered portable Derbyshire millstones, vibram fivefingers driven by steam power (this grinding mill received the prize of lOf. at the Royal Agricultural Society's meeting- held at Norwich, five fingers shoes 1849, also at Exeter, 1850, and again at Gloucester, 1853), price 48f.; a portable circular-saw bench, price 15Z.; a portable circular-saw bench, price 35f.; a fixture circular-saw table, price 150Z.; a portable thrashing, straw shaking, and riddling machine, and all invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 652.Frederick Phillips, of Downham, near Brandon, Suffolk. vibram five fingers kso  (New implements) two sizes of a patent turnip and general root pulping machine, invented by the exhibiter, and manufactured by Charles Burrel, of Thetford, price IN. lis. ami 18f. 18s.Thomas Scraqg, of Calveley, near Tarporley, Cheshire.A single.action tile machine (the prize of 20f. was awarded to this machine at the Lewea Show in 1852), price Mil., skechers shape ups and (new implement) a brick press, price 3f., both invented and manufactuied by the exhibiter.William Hunter, of Binbrook, near Market Rasen, Lincolnshire. A drill for general purposes, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 31 f. 10s.; a corn hoe for ten rows, invented by Mr, Bourn, of Fulston, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 102.10s.; a blower, price 32. 10s., and a cultivator, grubber, or scarifier, price 22.10s., both invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter; and a horse-hoe on the fiat or ridge, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 22.Ann Simpson and Thomas Simpson, of Lincoln. A set of steam cooking apparatus, price 162.;

 an improved wrought-iron cylindrical boiler, price 72.; a powerful cylindrical steam generator, price 122.10s.; au improve 1 heating apparatus, price 52.; vibram five fingers and an improved hot water heating apparatus, price 52. 10s., all improved by Thomas Simpson, of Lincoln, and manufactured by the exhibitors; (new implements) three sizes of a patent pulping machine or root grater, price 32. 10s., 42. 10s., and 52.10s., and (new implement) a patent turnip cutter, price 32. 10s., all invented and improved by R. H. Bushe, Esq., of Glencairn, and manufactured the exhibiters ; a set of iron harrows, price 22. 5s.; three sets of three-beam twohorse iron harrows, with wliippletree complete, price 22. 15s., 32.10s., and 32., vibram five fingers shoes  improved and manufactured by John Smith, of Heighington ; two sets of strong three-beam iron harrows, with wliippletree complete, improved and manufactured by William Covill, of Welliogore, price 32, and 32. 10s.; a barley awner or hummelling machine, invented, improved, aud manufactured by Lucas and Wright, of Lincoln, price 42.10s.; vibram fivefingers a single row drill for small occupations, improved and manulactured by the exhibited, price 22. 5s.; several specimens of an iron hurdle, manufactured by the exlnbilers, vibram five fingers sale price 4s. to 13s. tid.; an iron field gate, price II. 6s.; a wrought iron carriage gate, price á3 j a wrought iron garden gate, price 22. 5s.; and a pair of wrought iron gates, price 42., all improved and manufactured by the exhibiters; a strong field gate with cast iron posts, manufactured by the exhibitera, price 21.; several coils of galvanized wire netting, improved and manufactured by the exhibitera, price per yard 7d. and upwards; several lengths of ornamental iron fencing, vibram five fingers kso manufactured by the exhibitera, price per yard 5s. and upwards; a pattern length of five-wired strained wire fence, with posts and standards, price per yard Is. Bit.; five fingers shoes a pattern of twisted coil-wire fencing, with improved posts and standards, price per yard 2s. (id.; an economical cottage range, price 21.10s.; and a cottage range, price 32. 10s., invented and improved by Thomas Simpson, of Lincoln, and manufactured by the exhibitera; a patent price kitchener or cooking apparatus, invented and improved by Sidney Flavel, of Leamington, and manufactured by Sidney Flavel and Belts, of Leamington, price 251.; skechers shape ups a patent prise cooking apparatus, invented, improved, and manufactured by Henry Goddard, of Nottingham, price 151.15s.; several specimens of an improved chaff-cutting machine, price 42.10s. to 141.10s.; three specimens of a newly improved corn -crusher, price from 51. 5s. to 142.10s., invented, improved, and manufactured by Richmond and Chandler, of Salford, Manchester; a Northumberland clod crusher, invented and improved by John Richardson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and manufactured by John Richardson and Son, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, price 162. 10s.; a bean-cutting machine, price 31.16s.,

 two sizes of a chaff cutter (to be worked by hand power), invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 42. 10s. and 52. 10b. ; a Moody's patent turnip cutter, invented by Edmund Moody, late of Maiden Bradley, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter (this machine obtained the prize as the best turnip cutter for sheep at the meeting of the Bath and West of England Agricultural Society, at Tauuton, vibram five fingers 1852, and as the best turnip cutter for cattle at the meeting of the same society at Plymouth, 1853; it was also highly commended by the judges of the Royal Agricultural Society of England at Gloucester, 1853), price 41. 10s., other sizes 4f. 4s. and 5f.; vibram fivefingers a double cheese press, with double lever (this press obtained the prize at the meeting of the Bath and West of England Agricultural Society at Plymouth, 1853), price 5f.; and a single cheese press, with double lever, both invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 21. vibram five fingers shoes 10s.John Cook, of Eagle, near Newark, Nottinghamshire. vibram five fingers sale  A Lincolnshire wheel plough, with long mould board, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter (has taken several prizes at various ploughing-meetings in the counties of Lincoln and Nottingham, price 3f. 15s.; a wheelSlough, with short mould board, manufactured by the exibiter, price 3f. 3s.; a awing plough, price 2f. 7s.; a one horse plough, price 22. 2s.; a scarifier, price 31.15s.; a Lincolnshire waggon, price 362.; a Lincolnshire plank-sided cart, price 14f. 10s.; and a one horse plank-sided cart, all improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 13f. five fingers shoes 10s.Robert Hunt, of Earls Colne, near Halstead, Essex. An improved engine for drawing clover and trefoil seed, price on wood frame for steam power 25/. 5s., on iron frame for ditto 27f. 6s., if made portable for wheels and draughts 41. it.; a chaff engine, for steam or horse power, price 13f. 13s.; an improved chaff engine, for horse or hand power, price 12f. 0s. 6d.; an Essex improved scythe, for mowing wheat, &c, price lis. 0J.; three sizes of a hand seed drill, vibram five fingers kso for drilling turnips, mangels, &c, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price If. 5s., If. 10s., and 3/. 3a.; (new implements) two sixes of a Joseph Warren's new patent expanding plough, invented and manufactured by Joseph Warren, vibram fivefingers of Maldon, price 21.18s. 6d. skechers shape ups and 31.13s. 6d.Clayton, Shuttleworth, and Co., of Lincoln.A twenty horse power portable steam engine, price 450f.; a six horse power patent portable steam engine (this engine received a prize of 25f. at the Royal Agricultural Society's meeting held at Norwich, 1849, 25f. at Exeter, 1850, a prize medal at the Great Exhibition of All Nations, 1851, and the first prize of 20f. at the Royal Agricultural Society's meeting held at Gloucester, 1853) price 220f.; a five horse power patent portable Bteara engine, price 200/.;

glass butter or pastry slabs, price from 10s. each ; and glasa tiles and elates for farm buildings, price from lOd. to 2s. each ; Lord Camoy'a syphons for separating milk from cream, price Is. 6d. each; Cogan's glass poultry fountains, price from 2>. each; glass milk pans, and a variety of dairy glass, price from 6d. to 5s. each.John Gillam, vibram five fingers of Woodstock, Oxfordshire.A seed and corn separator, invented and improved by the exhibiter (obtained a silver medal at Gloucester, July, 1853), price 13/. 13s.Williams and Mowle, of Egerton-street Foundry, Chester.A six-horse power portable steam engine, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 2051.John Barker, of Dunnington, vibram fivefingers Yorka.A burnished one-horse cart, price IS/.; a painted one-horse eart, price 13/. 10s.; a strong one or two horse Yorkshire cart, price 13/. 10s.; an improved winnowing machine, price 101.10s.; vibram five fingers shoes a deep-breasted wheel plough, price 52.; an iron wheel plough for general purposes, price 42. Si.; a light iron wheel plough for light ltnd, price 82. 15?.; a double-breasted expanding iron plough for making ridges, price 81.10s.; a ubaoil pulverizer, price 6/. 10s.; a fire tined drill grabber, price 52.; a fire lined horse hoe or grubber, price 22.10s.; vibram five fingers sale a three tined horse hoe, price 21.; a three sheared iron horse hoe, price 21. 2s.; (new implement) a psrallel expanding horse hoe, price 42. 4a.; a set five fingers shoes of improved serpentine seed harrows, price 32. 10s.; a set of improved 'serpentine harrows for general purposes, price 32.10s.; a set "of strong jointed serpen, tine or sigxag harrows, price 42. 10s.; a pair of circular ridge harrows, price 12. 12s. 6d.; a set of equalizing three horse draughts, prire If. 10s.; and a set of iron box whippletrces, all invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters, vibram five fingers kso price If. la.Bracgins and Chester, of Banbury, Oxfordshire.A double acting turnip cutting machine, price 42. 16s.; and four sizes of a aingle acting turnip cutting machine, all invented by James Gardner, of Banbury, vibram five fingers shoes and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 3f. 7s. to 41. 4s.; two rising mouth lever chaff cutting machines, price 3f. 12s.; a bean mill, price If. 13s.; an oil cake breaker, price 21. 10s.; and an atmospheric churn, on stand, all manufactured by the exhibiters, price 12.12a.Hugh Carson, of Warminster, Wiltshire. (New implement) a Chandler's patent liquid mannre or water drill, invented by Mr. Thomas Chandler, skechers shape ups of Aldboume, improved and manufactured by Robert and John Reeves, of Bratton (Che following prizes have been awarded to these drills by the Royal Agricultural Society of England :—Silver medal at York, 1848, prize for the best liquid manure distributor, at Norwich, 1849, prize for the best liquid manure distributor, at Exeter, 1850, and the prize of lOf. given by P. Pusey, Eaq., for the best liquid and seed drill, at Gloucester, 1853), price 27f. 10s.; a horse hoe and scuffling plough, price 3f. 3s., and a chaff cutter (to be worked by horse or steam power), invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price lOf. 10s.;

John Keable, vibram five fingers of Lambourn, near Hangerford, Berks. Two sizes of a registered guard frame pig trough, invented by the exhibiter, and manufactured by Arthur Silcock, of Chippenham, Wilts, price 1/. 15s. and 21.15s.William Pacev, five fingers shoes of Lincoln.A set of one-horse harrows, price 21.; a set of two-horse harrows, price 2/. 5s.; a set of one-horse harrows, price li. 15s.; a set of two horse harrows, price 2f.; a set of threehorse harrows, price 21. 5s. all invented and manufactured by the exhibiter.William Pierce, of Cannon-house, Queen-street, Cheapside, London.(New implement) a reaping machine, invented, improved, and manufactured by Obed Hussey, of Baltimore, Uuited States, price 21/.; vibram fivefingers (new implement) a steel mill, invented and manufactured by Thomas Buxton, of Malton, Yorkshire, price 10/. 10s.; a corn bruiser, invented, improved, vibram five fingers shoes and manufactured by Richmond and Chandler, of Salford, Manchester, price 5/. 5s.; a corn crusher, improved and manufactured by K. Forahaw and Co., of Liverpool, price 6/. 10s.; a com crusher, invented and manufactured by Messrs. Whitmee and Co., ol London, price 72.; three Bizes of a small chaff-cui tiug machine, invented by John Cornes, of Barbridge, Cheahire, and improved aud manufactured by James Coruea, of Bar'bridge, Cheshire, price 3/. 6s. to 6/. 15s.; a new turnip cutter and root slicer, with cylindrical motion, price 5/. 10s.; vibram five fingers sale aud a turnip cutter with vertical motion, both invented and manufactured by John Kealy, of 369, Oxford street, London, improved by Evan Davis, of London, price 4/. 4s.; a rotary screening machine, invented and improved by Alexander K. Smith, of Exeter, manufactured by Francis Arding, of Uxbridge, price 6/ 6s.; several seta of stable fittings, invented, improved, and minufactured by Samuel Hood, of Thamesstreet, London, at different prices; three uew ornamental castiron seats, price 21. 2s., 21. vibram five fingers kso 12s. 6d. and 3/. 3s.; and three ornamental cast-iron revolving tables, invented aud manufactured by Barwell and Co., of Northampton, price 1 /. 14s. 6d.; skechers shape ups a turnip cutter and root slicer, invented and manufactured by Joha Kealy, of 369, Oxford-street, London, improved by Evan Davis, of London, price 17i. 17b.; several ornamental rustic flower stands and tables, at different prices, invented and manufactured by John Curran, of Cheshire; four sizes of a poultry trough, price 2s. 9d. to 10s. each ; and an improved Norfolk pig trough, invented and manufactured by Barnard and Bishop of Norwich, price 9s. 6d.; several bundles of eteel diggiug forks; invented, improved, and manufactured by Fiancis Parkes, of Birmingham, at different prices; a patent self-adjusting scythe, invented and improved by Boyd, of Loudon, manufactured by William Dray and Co., of London, price 10s. 6d.; Cogan's patent glasa churns, price from 3is. each;

per foot and upwards, all invented and manufactured vibram five fingers by the exhibiter.James Woods, of Stowmarket, Suffolk.Two kinds of a Gloucester broadshare and cultivator, price 62. 16s. each, and a two horae Suffolk scarifier or skim, price 62. 6a., improved snd manufactured by tbe exhibiter; an improved power for one horse, price 122. 12s.; an improved two horse power portable thrashing machine, price 362.; vibram fivefingers aud an improved cart, price 122. 10s., invented, improved, snd manufactured by the exhibiter; three of Hall's patent new cabinet mangles, invented by John Halls, of Bedford, and manufactured by tbe exhibiter, price 62. 10s. and 82.10s.; a portable asphalte cauldron and working tools, invented and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 172.; a specimen of asphalte flooring; an improved double roll with furrow roll, for spring corn, price 82. 8s.; snd three sizes of a registered crushing aud grinding mill, price 71.15a. to 132. 13s., invented, improved, skechers shape ups and manufactured by the eihibiter; vibram five fingers shoes a Cornea' chaff engine, invented by J. Comes, of Barbridge, and improved and manufactured by the eihibiter (this srticle has gamed tbe Royal Agricultural Society's prize several years in succession) price 102.10s.William Allchin and Son, of The Globe Works, Northampton. (New implement), a six-horse power patent portable steam engine, invented, improved, and manufactured by tbe exhibiters, price á215.Francis ARDiNG.of vibram five fingers sale The Albert Iron Works, Uxbridge, Middlesex. (New implement), four aises of a patent combination chaff cutting machine, price á6 6s., á8 8s,á10 10s, and á14 14s., and (new implement),a four-horse power portable Monogram bolter thrashing and dressing machiue, with patent straw shaker attached, invented and manufactured by the eihibiter, price á65 ; vibram five fingers kso a corn winnowing and dressing machine, price á9 9s.; a blowing machine, price á4 10s., and a oue-horse works improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á10 10s.; (new implement), two patent bean mills, invented an manu  factured by the exhibitor, price á3 10s.; a barley hummeller, price á3 10s.; five fingers shoes au oil-cake mill or breaker, price á2 10s.; a cylindrical irou sifter, price á6 6s., and a cylindrical iron lifter, all improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á7 7aJohn Cabobn, of Denton, near Grantham, Lincolnshire. A corn dressing machine, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 131.; a two-horse power, for working chaffcutting or other agricultural machinery, invented and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 15/.Jasper John Capper, of The Falcon Engine Works, near Loughborough, Leicestershire.

 A horizontal eight-horse engine, manufactured by the exhibiter, vibram five fingers  price 150/.; (new implement), a combined thrashing machine, price 80'., and (new implement), an improved winnowing and dressing machine, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 12/.the exhibiter, price á10; a chaff-machine, vibram fivefingers improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á2 16s.; two sizesBarnard and Bishop, of Norwich, Norfolk. Several handsome apccimena of strong wrought-iron garden chairs and stools,at prices fioni4s. 6d.upwarda,andseveral shapes and sixes of registered poultry troughs and fountains, invented and manufactured by the exhibitors, price 2s. 3d. and upwards; two circular cast-iron troughs for dogs, improved and manufactured by the exhibitors, 10 inches' diameter, price 2a. 6d. and 3s. 6d.; several rolls of light and heavy japanned vibram five fingers shoes wire netting, invented and manufactured by the exhibiters, price, per lineal yard, 6d. to Is. 2d., suitable for poultry, hares, and rabbits; three rolls of japanned wire sparrow-proof netting, price 3d. per superficial foot; two rolls of galvanized wire sheep netting, 8 feet wide, price 9(1. and Is. per lineal yard; an irou stake for wire sheep netting, price Is,; a sample of strained wire fencing for horses and heavy cattle, price 2s. per lineal yard; a three-bar irou hurdle, price 4s.; vibram five fingers sale a four-bar iron hurdle, price Ss.; two five-bar iron hurdles, price 6s. and 6s. 6d.; au iron hurdle for cattle and sheep, price 8s.; a hare and rabbit proof iron hur skechers shape ups dle, price 7s. Gil.; an ornameutal wire game hurdle, price 5s., and an iron hurdle, all invented and manufactured by the exhibitera; a wrought iron sheep-fold hurdle on wheels, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price If. 8a.; a roll of ornamental garden border, manufactured by the exhibiters, price 7d. per foot; three wire net plant or tree guards, price Is. Dd. and upwards; a rick-stand pillar of wrought and cast-iron, price 6s.; six double Norfolk pigtroughs, price 9s. 6d. to 16s.; nine single Norfolk pig-troughs, price 7s. 6d. to á1 7s., snd sn iron hutch pig-trough, made of east and wrought iron, invented and manufactured by the exhibiters, price á2 15s.; two iron pig-troughs, five fingers shoes improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 4s. and 6s.; (new implement), a patent turnip grater, invented by C. Bushe, Esq., of Lismore, and Dr. Barter, of Blarney, Ireland, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters (obtained Royal Irish AgriCultural Society's first-class medal at Killarney last August), price á4 10s.; a patent self-rolling mangle, invented by Charles Baruard, of Norwich, manufactured by the exhibiters, price 7'. vibram five fingers kso 7s.; a cottage mangle, price 31.10a.; a table mangle, pi i-c 2f. 10s.; a wrought iron portable or folding bedstead, price 19s, and four sites of a cast-iron window frame and casement, invented and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 12s. skechers shape ups and upwards; several ornamental wrought-iron garden gates, desigued aud manufactured by the exhibiters, suitable for hanging on stone, wood, or irou posts, price 21. aud upwards; a wrought-iron fan-braced field gate, improved and manufactured by tbe exhibiters, price 21.; two sizes of a six-bar wroughtiron field gate, price 1/. 2s. and If. 7s., and a seven-bar strong wrought-iron field gate, invented and manufactured by the exhibitera, price If. 2s.Thomas Catcupool, Jun., of Colchester, Essex.A portable thrashing, shaking, riddling, and winnowing machine, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 75/.Humphrey Chamberlain, of Kempsey,

patent lever wheel hand rake, price á2; five sisea vibram five fingers of Smith and Ashby's exhibition prize patent safety chaff and litter cutter, with two knives (this powerful and effective machine received the prise medal of the Great Exhibits in of 1851), price from á5 10s. to á17; au improved prize culvibram fivefingers 1846, the prize medal; ditto at Norwich, 1849, á10 ; at the Great Yorkshire, 1849, á5 5a.; at the Exeter meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society, 1850, á10; at the great Yorkshire, 1850, á5; the prize of the Royal North Lancashire, 1SS0; and at the great Yorkshire, 1852, á5), vibram five fingers shoes price á13 ; a patent park or luggage cart, price á13 10a.; and a newly invented patent one horse cart for harvest work and general purposes, all invented, improved, and manufactured by the e i tub iters, price á11 10a.Edward R. Turner and Co., of St. Peter's Iron Works, near Ipswich, Suffolk.A four horse power horizontal cylinder fixture steam engine, price 1202.; several sizes of Turner's roller mill, for crushing linseed, oats, malt, barley, &o, and grinding beans (obtained the prize of 5'. for the best linseed and corn crusher at theRoyal Agricultural Society's Gloucester Show, July, 1853), prices from 52. 15s. upwards ; a metallic grinding mill, price 142. 14s.; vibram five fingers sale and an oilcake breaker for foreign or English cake, price 32.10s., all invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters ; an iron oilcake breaker for Engliah cake, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 22.2s.; a chaff cutter with two convex knives, invented, improved, and msoafactured by the exhibiters, price 102. 10s.; a hand chaff cutter with two convex knives, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 32. 17s. 6<1.; a small hand bean mill, price 22. 5s., and a haud roller mill, for oats, linseed, and beans, price 52. 15s. 6d., invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters.J. Tylor and Sons, of Warwick-lane, Newgatestreet, London. vibram five fingers kso  fire engine, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price complete 2282. 15s.William Walker, of East Bridgford, near Ratcliffe, Nottinghumsb.il e.A corn and seed drill, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 462. 10s.Edward Weir, of 16, Bath-place, New-road, London.An irrigator, liquid manure pump, and fire and garden engine, price 82. 8s.; (uew implement) a double cylinder irrigator, liquid manure pump, and fire and garden engine, price 102.10s.; (new implement) an irrigator for steam or horae power, price 162. 16s.; (new implement) a hose pipe reel, price 72. 7s ; five fingers shoes  a draining level, price II. 10s. ; (new implement) a skechers shape ups workman's pendulum level, for use in the drain, price 15s.; two descriptions of a portable wrought iron liquid manure pump, tripod stand, and flexible pipe, price 42. St. and 42. 15s.; specimens of canvass hose pipe for conveying liquid mauure or water, price 4d. per foot, and upwards ; (new implement) an improved hose joint for connecting lengths of canvas hose pipe, price 4s. 6d. aud upwards; and (new implement) a leugth of portable wrought iron pipe for liquid manure or water, price Is.

Yorkshire.A full size and small site patent washing, vibram five fingers  wringing, and Dangling machine, price 7'- 10s and 102. 10s. ; and a patent self cleaning clod crusher, or land roller, invented and manufactured by the exhibiter, prire 191. 10s.; a Crosskill'a clod crusher, improved by the exhibiter, price 52. 10s.; vibram fivefingers a patent rctping machine, improved by Peter, of Beverley, and the exhibiter, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 352.Michael Penkstan, of Lincoln.A seven horse power portsble steam engine, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 1752.; a four horse power portable steam engine, price 1552.; and a portable thrashing, shaking, riddling, and winnowing machine, manufactured by the exhibiter, price 702.; two sizes of a Cambridge wheel roller or clod crusher, invented by William Cambridge, of Bristol, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 132. and 162.; a flat sole wheel roller, for rolling spring corn, placed one inch apart, invented by Thomas vibram five fingers shoes Tauholme, of liorncastle, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 142.; two sizes of a plain iron roller, in three parts, manufactured by the exhibiter, price 92. and 122.William Shephard, of Hoveringham, (near Nottingham) Nottinghamshire.A plough with steel breast and four shares of different sizes, price 32.16s.; and a cart adapted for the purpose of a miller or maltster, with patent axle, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 172.Smith and Ashby, of Stamford, Lincolnshire.A Smith and Ashby's patent improved double action hay. vibram five fingers sale making machiue, on Smith and Ashby's patent wrought iron wheels, invented, improved, snd manufactured by the ezhibiters (first priaea were awarded to this implement at the Royal Agricultural society's meeting at Newcastle, 1846, á5 ; at the Great Yorkshire meeting, 1846, á5 5s.; at the Derbyshire meeting, 1846, á5 5s.; at the great Yorkshire meeting, 1847, á5 ; at York, 1848, tbe Royal Society's medal; at the great Yorkshire meeting, 1849, á3 3s.; the Royal Society's prise of á5 for the best haymaker, at the Norwich meeting, 1849 ; the Royal Society's prize for the bet haymaker at Exeter, 1850; the first prise of the North Lincolnshire Society, five fingers shoes 1850; the first prize of the Royal North Lancashire, 1850; tbe first prise at the great Yorkshire, 1850; the prize medal at the Great Exhibition of all nations, 1851 ; first prize at the Bath and West of England Society's meeting at Taunton. 1852 ; vibram five fingers kso at the Royal Society's meetiug at Lewes, 1852, thejudges'commendstion (no prise being offered that year); the pnse of the Bath and West of England at Plymouth, 1853; the prize of the North Lancashire meeting at Blackbum. skechers shape ups 1853; and the medal of the Royal Society at Gloucester, 1853), price á15 15s.; two sizes of Smith and Ashby's patent improved hone rake (this rake took the prize medal of the Great Exhibition of all nations. 1851, and has also taken thirteen prizes from various agricultural societies), price á7 10s and á8;

of a scarifier or cultivator, invented by Coleman, vibram five fingers of Chelmsford, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á8 10s. and á11 10a.; (new implement), a cake breaker aud corn crusher combined, invented and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á8, or either separate á4; vibram fivefingers an iron plough, improved aud manufactured by the exhibiter, price á4.Charles Hart, of Vale of White Horse Iron Works, near Wantage, Berks.A pair horse scarifier or cultivator, price 92.12s. 6d.; and a seven tine cultivator, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 142.; a six horse steam engine, invented, improved, and manufactured by Clayton and Co., of Lincoln, price 2302.; a combined seven horse power portable thrashing machine, &c, price 1202.; and a five horse power combined portable thrashing, straw shaking, aud winnowing machine, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 1302.George Hunter, of Ulceby, vibram five fingers shoes Lincolnshire, near Hull, Yorkshire. A drill, for general purposes, price 332.; a corn and seed drill, price 23'.: a com and seed drill, for small or grass seeds, price 302.; and a small occupation drill, for seed and manure, for flat or ridge work, price 182. 10s., improved by Thomas Hunter, of Ulceby, and manufactured by the exhibiter; a two horse cart, improved by Mr. William Torr, of Aylesby, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 122. 10s.; a turnip vibram five fingers sale drill on flat, with manure, price 212.; (new implement) a guano drill, for depositing the guano in the ridges, invented by Thomas Hunter of Ulceby, improved by Wm. Torr, of Aylesby, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 82.; (new implement) a light wooden roller, invented by Wm. Torr of Aylesby, five fingers shoes improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 82.10s.Joseph Lee,of Stonnall, near Walsall, Staffordshire.A portable ateam engine, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 1702.Joseph Long, of Meriten's Wharf, Dockhead, London.Thirty five casks of nonpoisonoua sheep dipping composition, termed " Long's specific," price 6s. per gal.; thirty five casks of nonpoisonoua sheep dressing composition, termed "Long's preservative," or lamb dressing, price 2a. 8d. per gsl; vibram five fingers kso and ten cases containing two dozeu bottles sheep dressing composition, termed " Long's foot rot or general lotion," discovered and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 2s. 6d. per pint bottle; a case of Long's foot rot knives, invented by the exhibiter, and manufactured by Mcsars. Thomas Turner and company, of Sheffield, price la. 6d. each; twelve pouring cans of aize and shape moat convenient for use, price 2s. 6d. each ; three dressing bowls of sise and shape most convenient for use, price 2s. 6d. each; and two dressing forks of the sise and shape most convenient for use, skechers shape ups invented and improved hy the exhibiter, price 12. 10s. each ; a cask of artificial manure, termed "nitro phosphate or blood manure," price 62. per ton; and a cask of artificial manure, termed " concentrated night soil and blood," manufactured by W. Swanton aud Co., of London, price 32.10s. per ton.John 1'aterson, of Beverley,

of Dunse Bank, manufactured by the exhibiter vibram five fingers (a prize of 102. waa awarded to this cart at the Exeter meeting in 1850, it was also included in the award of the council medals of the Great Exhibition of 1851, and had a 102. prize at Lewes, 1852), price 122. 12s. and upwards; a two wheeled deep plough (this plough received the prize at the Society's meeting at Northampton in 1847, at York, 1848, 102, at Lewes, 1852, 72., and included in the council medals of the Great Exhibition 1851), price 52. 5s.; vibram fivefingers a two wheeled plough for general purposes (this plouch received the award of tbe council medal at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and at Gloucester, 1853), price 4/. 102.; a two wheeled two horse plough, price 42. 4s.; a light two horse plough with two wheels, price 42., and a two wheeled plough with steel breast, all invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 42. 10s.; a two wheeled plough with steel breast, price 42.15s.; a one wheeled plough, price 31. 15s.; i Om whe^ed plough with steel breast, price 41. 4s.; a one wheeled plough with steel breast, price 4 vibram five fingers shoes (.; a swing plough, price 31. 10s.; a swing plough with steel breast, price 31.15s.; a horse hoe on the ridge (this implement received the prise of the Royal Society for five years in succession), price 21. 10s.; a horse hoe with five tines, invented, skechers shape ups improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 31. 8a.; a horse hoe with five tines, price 21.17s. fid.; a horse hoe, price 21, and a clod crasher and Norwegian harrow combined, invented by the Hev. W. F. Wharton, of Birmingham, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 6/. 6s.Richard Coleman, of Chelmsford, Essex.Ten different sixes of a patent drag harrow, cultivator, or vibram five fingers sale scarifier, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter (the prise medal was awarded to this implement at the Great Exhibition of 1851), price 61. 16s. and upwarda to 15!.Jamrs CoRNKS.of Barbridge, near Nantwicb, Cheshire.A registered chaff cutting machine (No, 5) vibram five fingers kso with three knives (this machine gained a prize of 101. at the Royal Agricultural Society'a meeting at Shrewsbury in 1845, at Newcastle-upon-five fingers shoes Tyne in 1846, at Northampton 1847, the Society'a silver medal at York 1848, a prise of á10 at Norwich 1849, á10 at Exeter 1850, the prise medal of the Great Exhibition 1851, and a prise of á10 at Gloucester 1853), price á14; the following registered chaff cutting machines, via., (No. 6; with two knives, price á12 10s., (No. 1) with three knives, price á10, (No. 8) with two knives, price á8 10s., (No. 4)

at tbe Royal Agricultural Society's Meeting at Norwich, vibram five fingers 1845; prize of á7 at Exeter, 1850 ) a prize medal at the Great Exhibition of All Nations, 1851; also a first-class prize at the Dublin Exhibition, 1853 ; a prize of á7 at the Royal Agricultural Society's Meeting at Gloucester), price á4 and upwards; (new implement), a press corn drill on the flat, invented and manufactured by tbe exhibiter, price á30; a light waggon for two horses (this waggon obtained a prize of á5 at the Royal Agricultural Society's Meeting at Lewes, 1852), price á40; a one-horse cart for general purposes, price á14 ; a cultivator, vibram fivefingers grubber, and scarifier, price á7 10s., and a set of whippletrees for a plough, all invented, improved, aud manufactured by the exhibiter, price 10s. (id.James Barton, Ironmonger, &c., 370, Oxford-street, London. Several sizes of patent stable fittings, price á3 15s. and upwards, and (new implements) two specimens of an improved msnger, with water troughs, for a corner, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á2 7s. 6d.; vibram five fingers shoes a twofeet six-inch cast iron corner enamelled msnger, price á1 2s.; a three-feet straight cast iron galvanized manger, price á1 5s.; a cast iron stable post, price á1 7s.; (new implement), a cast iron ramp rail for stable, price 12s., snd a cast-iron cill for stable, all manufactured by the exhibiter, price 7a. 6d.; (new implements), an improved five-feet four-inches aud four-iect three-inches length of galvanized iron stable guttering, with moveable cover, price 2s. 9d. and 4s. 3d. per foot run ; (uew implement), au iron angle piece for stable vibram five fingers sale guttering, price 5s. 6d. each, and (new implement) an iron T piece for stable guttering, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 8s. skechers shape ups 6d. each ; several sizes of a square cast iron galvanized horse pot for stables, price 6s. each and upwards; a ten-inch square galvanized cast iron stable grate and frame, price 6s. (id.; a two-feet six-inch aud two-feet ten wrought irou corner hay rack, price 8s. Gd. and 9s. (id.; a two-feet six-inch galvauized five fingers shoes wrought iron corner hay rack, with capping top, price 16s. 6d ; two enamelled iron dog troughs, price 6s. and 7s.; a cast iron rick stand, with loose top, price 9s.; two wrought iron galvanised stable buckets, price 5s. 6d. and 6s., and a wrought iron galvanized stable bucket, all manufactured by the exhibiter, price 6s.Messrs. T. and H. Brinsmbad, of St. Giles, near vibram five fingers kso Torrington, Devonshire.A patent straw shaker, invented by Henry Brinsmead, patentee, of St- Giles, manufactured by tic exhibiters (awarded a silver medal at Gloucester) price 122. 12s.William Busby, of Newton-le-Willows, near Bedale, Yorkshire. Four sizes of a one horse cart, invented by W. Lister, Esq.,

(new implement) a light spring waggon or dray, price vibram five fingers á40 ; and (new implement) a one or two-horse cart, price á15; all invented and manufactured by the exhibiters; a set of four beam strong iron harrows (obtained the prize of á5 from the Royal Agricultural Society at York in July, 1848), price á4, aud a set of iron harrows, price á3 10s., invented by W. Amstrong, of Bedford, and manufactured by the skechers shape ups exhibiters; an oilcake breaker, inveuted by Ransomes and Sims, of Ipswich, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á4 15s. ; a single plough with beam and handles of wood, inveuted and manufactured by the exhibiters, price á4 4s.; three iron ploughs, marked A P L, invented by A. vibram fivefingers White and Pearson, of Sleaford, and manufacture d by Ransomes and Sims, of Ipswich, price á5 5s. each ; three ploughs, marked W P B, price á2 2s, á2 18s., and á3 18s.; vibram five fingers shoes and two ploughs, msrked A P L, price á3 and á4, invented and manufactured by the exhibiters.James White, of 266, High Holbein, London.Four sixes of a flour mill to grind aud dress the flour at one operation, price á6 6s., vibram five fingers kso á7 10s., á8 8s., and á9 9s.; four sizes of a steel com mdl to grind wheat, barley, rye, &c, price á3 10s, á4 10s., á5 10s., and á7 10s.; and a steel roller besn ip'itter, price á3 10s., all manufactured by the exhibiter; a steel roller oat crusher, price 32.10s., and three sizes of a steel roller oat and bean crusher, price 42. 10s., 52. 10s., and 6/. 6s., invented and manufactured vibram five fingers sale by the exhibiter.Robert Wilson and Son, of Beverley, Yorkshire. Two corn dressing machines with wheat screen and six twenty-two inch riddles, inveuted by Robert Wilson, improved aud manufactured by the exhibiters, price 82.10a. each.Thomas Allcock, of RadcliQe-upon-Trent, near Nottingham. Four sizes of a chaff cutter with two knives, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 42. and upwards to 102. 10s.; a cultivator, grubber, or scarifier, price 102. 10s.; two sizes of an iron plough with two wheels, price 42. 5a. and 52.; five fingers shoes and a horse drag rake, price 62. 15a., all invented, unproved, and manufactured by tbe exhibiter.James and Abraham Armitage, of Bury, near Ramsey, Huntingdonshire. Two sizes of a brick and drain-tile machine, price á14 and á18; a ten-row lever corn-drill, price á23, and an improved portable straw shaker, all invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters, price á9 10s.William Ball, of Rothwell, near Kettering, Northamptonshire. Several specimens of an iron plough, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter (a prize of á5 was awarded to this plough for general purposes

 A turnip drill, on the flat and ridge, price 72.; a com vibram five fingers dressing machine, price 82.; and a straw cutter, improved and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 72.; and (new implement) a manure distributor aud turnip drill, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 172.William Taseer and George Fowle, vibram fivefingers of Waterloo Iron Works, near Andover, Hampshire. A four and five row patent liquid manure or water and seed drill, invented by William Charles Spooner, of Eling House, near Southampton, and the exhibited, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 411. 10s.; (new implement) a patent improved drill, for turnips aud mangel wurzel with manure, on the flat, invented and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 221.10s.; vibram five fingers shoes two sizes of a pateut press wheel roller or clod crusher, inveuted and improved by William Colborue Cambridge, of Bristol, Gloucestershire, and manufactured by the eihibiters, prices 151. and 18/.; an improved portable combined thrashing machine, fitted with straw shaker, screen, winnowing machine, and sacking up apparatus, for steam power, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 90/.Tuxford and Sons, of Boston and Skirbeck Iron Works, near Boston, Lincolnshire. A four horse power patent portable housed steam engine, price á190 ; vibram five fingers kso a five horse power patent portable housed steam engine, price á195 ; a six horse power patent portable housed steam engine, price á215 ; an eight-horse power patent portable housed steam engine, price á245 ; a four horse power fixed steam engine, price á105 ; a six horse power skechers shape ups fixed steam engine, price á165 ; a six horse power fixed steam engine, pnce á175; a patent combined bolting, thrashing, shaking, winnowing, and chaff riddling machiue, price á80 j a patent combined bolting, vibram five fingers sale thrashing, shaking, cape stripping, winnowing, and chaff riddling machine, price á100; a patent combined bolting, sell-feeding, shaking, cape stripping, winnowing, and chaff riddling and stacking machine, price á120; a patent boltiug, thrashing, five fingers shoes shaking, and riddling machine, price á60; a patent self-feeding bolter thrashing and winnowing machine, price á70; a patent perforated table straw shsker, price á16 ; aud a circular-saw table, price á75, all invented by Weston Tuxford, of Boston, and manufactured by the exhibiters.White and Harris, of Sleaford, Lincolnshire.A full sized general purpose waggon, price á38; a full size general purpose Lincolnshire waggon, price á38 ;

vibram five fingers a set of corn elevatora, with main driving shaft and pulleys, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 50/.; an improved aelf acting weighing apparatus, price 11. 7s.; a seven horse power portable steam engine, price complete 235/.; a six horse power improved portable steam engine, price 234/.; vibram fivefingers a five horse power portable steam engiue (a prize of 50/. was awarded for this engine at Norwich, 18 i9, and it was included in the award of the council medal, at the Great Exhibition of 1851), price complete 200/.; an eight horse power fixed steam engine, price 210/.; a powerful mill, on au improved principle, for crushing bones, coprolite, vibram five fingers shoes &c, to be driven by steam power, price with driviug pulley and hopper complete 90/.; aud a circular saw bench, price 25/., all improved and manufactured by the exhibiters ; vibram five fingers sale a corn dressing machiue, price 8/. 10s., and a corn dressing machine, fitted with powerful blast, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibitera, price 142.; a linseed, malt, at>d oat crusher, price 11/. 10s.; a rape and linseed cake crusher, price 11/., a smaller size 4/. 15s.; five fingers shoes a chaff cutter for horse or steam power, price 15/.; a chaff cutter for horse or hand power, price 11/.; and a chaff cuttir for hand power, all improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 7/.; an improved turnip cutter, adapted vibram five fingers kso for either hand, horse, or steam power, price 11.; (new implement) a Garrett's improved reaping machine, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 35/.; an Atkin's automaton or selfraking reaping machiue, invented by Jearum Atkins, of Chicago, Illinois, skechers shape ups United States, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 50/.; an improved corn reaping machine,invented by Obed Hussey, of Baltimore, United States, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters (this machine had a silver medal awarded it at Lewes,

vibram five fingers  and a hand barrow drill, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibitera, price á4 ; (new implement) a manure distributor, invented by Mr. Haatings, of Longham, Norfolk, manufactured by the exnibiters, price á10 ; a No. 5 Garrett's patent horse hoe (prizes were awarded for this implement at Liverpool, 1841, 5/.; at Bristol, 1842,10/.; at Derby, 1843," a medal; at Southampton, 1844, a medal; at Northampton, 1847, a medal; at York, 1848, a medal; at Norwich, 1849, 10/.; at Exeter, 1850, lOf.; at the Great Exhibition of 1851, council medal; at Lewes, 1852, 10*.; and at Gloucester, 1853, á10), price 17*. 10s.; and a No. 9 Garrett's pateat horse hoe, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibitors, price 23/. 10a.; a patent revolving horae hoe, invented by John Martin, of Banner, near Fakenham, improved and manufactured by tbe exhibitors, price 31/. 10s.; vibram fivefingers  a patent horse hoe and turnip thinner on the ridge and flat, invented by Thomas Huckvale, of Chipping Norton, improved aud manufactured by the exhibiters (a prize of 31. waa awarded for this implement at Liverpool in 1841), price 61.; vibram five fingers sale a patent fixed combined thrashing machine, for steam power, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibitera (this machine obtained prizes at Lewea, 1852, 20/.; at Norwich, 1849, 25/.; in the Great Exhibition of 1851 waa included iu the award of the council medal; and at Gloucester, 1853, prize medal), price 72/.; a patent portable combined thrashing machine, for steam power, pice 110/.; a patent portable combined open drum thrashing machine for steam power, price 85/. 10s.; vibram five fingers shoes a portable combined thrashing machine, for steam power (the prize of 25/. was awarded for this machine at Norwich iu 1849, and it was included in the award of the council medal of the Exhibition, 1851), price 06/.;vibram five fingers kso a four horse power opeu drum thrashing machine (this machine obtained the prize of 20/. at the Lewes Meeting in 1852), price 61/.; five fingers shoes a two horse power portable thrashing machine barn work (this machine obtained the prize of 10(. at the Lewes Meeting in 1852, price 40(.; a four horse power bolting thrashing machine (prizes were awarded for this machiue at Newcastle, 1846, 25/.; at Northampton, 1847,20/.;vibram five fingers sale aud at York, 1818, 20/.), price 33/.;skechers shape ups  and a com dressing machine, fitted with a rotary corn aeparator, all invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 25/.; a barley aveller or hummelling machine, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 10/.;

vibram five fingers  at Northampton, 1847, á10; and lit Norwich, 1849, 10/.), price 24/. 7s. 6d.; (new implement) a two row economical drill for turnips, mangel wurzel, and artificial manures on the ridge, priceá19; a patent drop drill for turnips and other seeds, with manure on the fiat or ridge, invented, improved, aud manufactured by the exhibiters (prizes were awarded for this drill at Norwich, 1S4H, á10; at Exeter, 1850, á10; at Lewes, vibram fivefingers 1852, á10; and at Gloucester, 1853, á10), price 27/.; a three row economical seed aud manure drill for turuipa, &c, with manure ou the flat ur ridge (prizes were awarded for thia drill at Lewes, 1852, á5, and at Gloucester, 1853, 6/.), price 14/.;vibram five fingers shoes  (new implement) a three row economical drill, wit i improved jointed levers, for turnips, mangel wurzel, aud artificial manures on the flat or ridge, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibitera, price á16 16a.; a broadcast manure distributor, invented by II. E. Hlvth, Esq, of Sussex Farm, Burnharn, improved and manufactured by the exhibitera (a prize of á5 was awarde-1 for thia machine at Lewes, 1852, and of 10/. vibram five fingers sale at Glouceater, 1853), price á16 10s.; two sizes of a patent liquid manure drill, iuvented by Thomas Chandler, five fingers shoes of Aldbourn, Hungerford, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price 27/. 10s. and á35; a ten row lever com and seed drill (to this drill a prize of á10 was awarded at Norwich, 1849), price á25 15s.; an eleven row lever corn drill, price á31; and a thirteen row lever com and seed drill, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price á29 ]5s.; vibram five fingers kso (uew implement) a twelve row Norfolk corn drill, price á23 10b.; a seven row lever corn and seed drill (a prize of 101. was awarded for this drill at Exeter in 1850, and of 5/. at Lewes in 1852), price 17/. 10s.; a five row turnip, mangel wurzel, skechers shape ups  and vegetable seed dull, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters (a prize medal was awarded for this drill at Gloucester, 1853, price á17 10s.; a patent liquid and manure drill, invented by W. C. Spooner, Esq., of Eling House, Southampton, manufactured by Taster Fowie, of Andover, price á35 10s.; a horse power seed engine, price á18;

vibram five fingers a Chandler's patent liquid manure drill, invented by Mr. Thomas Chandler, of Aldbourne, improved aud manufactured by Robert and John Reeves, of Bratton, near Weatbury, Wilts (the fallowing prizes have been awarded to these drills by the Royal Agricultural Society of England : silver medal at York, the priae for the beat liquid manure distributor at Norwich, also the prize for the same at Exeter, and the prize of 10/. for the beat liquid and seed drill at Gloucester, given by P. Puaey, Esq.), price 27/. 10s.; vibram fivefingers aud a smaller aize, price 241.Thomas Orimslf.t, of Oxford. (New implement) a new patent brick and tile machine, invented by the exhibiter, and manufactured by Charles Lanipett, of Banbury, Oxon, price 1501,John Whitehead, of Preston, vibram five fingers shoes Lancashire.A No. 0 tile machine, price 14/. 10s.; a No. 1 tile machine (prizes were awarded for this machine at the Royal Agricultural Society's Meeting at York, 1848, 20/.; at Norwich, 1849, 20/.; at Exeter, 1850, Judges' commendation; at the Exhibition of All Nations, 1851, the Prize Medal; waa not exhibited in 1852; at the Royal Agricultural Society's Meeting at Gloucester, 1853, á10; besides a number of prizes at local meetings), price 21/.; and another aize, price 28/., all iuvented, improved, vibram five fingers sale and manufactured by the exhibiter; a patent socketing apparatus, invented and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 7/. 7s.; an improved brick making mid pressing machine, invented, improved, aud manufactured by the exhibiter, price 6/. 16s.; a roll of machine-made hareproof netting of iron wire, manufactured by the exhibiter, prices per lineal yard from 4d. upwards; a set of improved cast-iron stable fittings, price 1/. 18s.; five fingers shoes a set of iron mangers, price 8s. and upwards; and a set of iron hay racks, price 5s. aud upwsrds, all manufactured by the exhibiter; a set of draining tools, price 1/. 12s.; a mangling and wringing machine, invented and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 3/. 15s.James Hayes, of Elton, near Oundle, Huntingdon' shire.Pour sizes of a grinding mill, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á13 15s. to á25 10s.Marie Pierre Amaranths Ferdinand Mazier, vibram five fingers kso of L'Aigle (Orne), France.(New implement) a reaping machine, invented by the exhibiter, and manufactured by Leaieur, of L'Aigle, price á32.Richard Garrett and Son, of Leiston Works, near Saxmundham, Suffolk.A drill for general purposes, iuvented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters (prizes were awarded for this drill at Liverpool, 1841, á10; at Derby, 1813, á30; at Southampton, 1344, á20; skechers shape ups and a medal at Northampton, 18(7, á15; at Exeter, 1850, á10; at the Great Exhibition of 1851, iucludcd in the award of the Council Medal; and at Gloucester, 1853, á10), price with seven jointed levers and ten corn levers and tins, á47 5s., if with improved fore carriage steerage á I extra; a drill for turnips and manure on the flat (prizes were awarded for this drill at Cambridge, 1848, á10; at Northampton, 1847, á10; at York, 1848, á10; at the Great Exhibition of 1851 included in the award of the Council Medal; and at Gloucester, 1853, 10/.), price complete 26/. 5s. ; a drill for turnips and mangel wurzel with manure on the ridge, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters (prizes were awarded for this drill at Bristol, 1842, 20/.;

vibram five fingers and Andrews, near Reading, Berks.A six-horse power improved portable steam engine, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters (this engine obtained the commendation of the Royal Agricultural Society of England at Exeter, the prize medal of the Great Exhibition of All Nations, and the prise of 201. of the Royal Agricultural Society of England held at I .ewes), price, if with wood wheels, 210/.;vibram fivefingers an eight-horse ditto, price 240'.; (new implement) an eight-horse power horizontal fixed steam engine, price 186/., if erected 121. extra; an eight-horse power cylindrical ateam engine (this engine obtained the first prize of 201. at the Royal Agricultural Society's show held at Lewes in 1852), price, including boiler, but exclusive of connections between engine and boiler, 186/.; vibram five fingers shoes  (new implement) a six-horse power portable combined thrashing machine, price 88/.; (new implement) a new portable combined thrashing machine, for thrashing, dressing, and weighing the corn for market, price 120/.;vibram five fingers sale a threehorse power patent iron thrashing machine aad patent horse gear, price 40/. 17s.; and a two-horse portable patent thrashing machine and patent safety horse gear, price, as a fixture, 34/. 4i? all iuvented, improved, aod manufactured by the exhibiters ; a pair of Derbyshire portable millstones, in iron frame complete, invented by the exhibiters, price 421.15s.; (new implement) a steam power paragon or universal mill for crushing corn, &c, price 25/.; (new implements) two sizes of a paragon grain crushing mill, for hand power, price 51. 10s. and 7/. 7a.; (new implements) two sisea of a patent iron chaff cutter, price 5/. and 5/. 10s.; (new implement) a patent iron chaff cutter, for horse or steam power, price 14(. 10s.; a barley aveller or hnmmeller, price 5/.; and a barley aveller, five fingers shoes for horse or steam power, price 7'., all iuvented, improved, vibram five fingers kso and manufactured by the exhibiters; a patent horse rake, for hay, &c, invented and manufactured by the exhibitera (it had awarded the prize of the Great Yorkshire Society at Sheffield; also the first class medal of the Royal Improvement Society of Ireland at Galway), price 7/. 12s.; a registered hay-making machine, price 15/., and a portable circular-saw bench, price 14/.,skechers shape ups invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiters ; a patent subsoil plough (this plough obtained the following prizes awarded by the Royal Agric. Society : 10/. at Southampton, Shrewsbury, Newcastle, Northampton, and York), price 5/.;

vibram five fingers of London, and manufactured G. P Compsny, of Loudon, price á1 5s.; a roll of leather hose, price, two-inch in diameter, 2s. 6d. per foot; a brass jet for delivery, price á1 12s.; a set of gutta percha pails, manufactured by the Gutta Percha Company, London, prices from 6s. 6d. upwards.Richard Read, of 35, Regent Circus, Piccadilly, London.A patent subsoil pulverizer, iuvented by the late John Bead, of 35, Regent Circus, vibram fivefingers manufactured by the exhibiter (a prize of á10 was awarded for this implement at Southampton in the year 1844, at Shrewsbury in 1845, at Newcastle-ou-Tyue in 1846, and at Northampton in 1847, price á5 5a.; two patent double action agricultural fire-engines complete, invented and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á18 18s. and á45; a patent vibram five fingers shoes watering engine, invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á7 10s.; a patent injecting instrument, and tube complete, for horses, cattle, &c, invented by the late John Bead, improved and manufactured by the cxhibiter vibram five fingers sale (this instrument wai highly commended by the judges at the Lewes meeting, July, 1352), price á2 10a.; two sises of a hollow probaog, for relieving hoven or choked cattle, &c, invented, unproved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price 10a. and á1 10s.; a pateut hand watering machine (this machine waa highly commended by the judges at theLewea meeting, 1852), price á2 12s. Gil., and a patent double action greenhouse pump, five fingers shoes invented, improved, vibram five fingers kso and manufactured by the exhibiter (this machine waa highly commended by the judges at the Gloucester meeting, July, 1853), price á4 10a.; (new implement), a patent machine to reduce roots to a pulp (for steam-power), invented and manufactured by Messrs. Nye and Gilbert, of 79, Wardour-street, London, price á7 7a.; skechers shape ups a patent mincing machine, for mincing meat, vegetables, and other substances, invented and manufactured by Messrs. Nye and Gilbert, of 79, Wardour-atreet, price á2 10s.William Smith, of Kettering, Northamptonshire.An improved double-blasted winnowing machine, price á13 13s.; two sizes of an improved steerage horse-hoe with double bar, price á6 10s. and á7, with lever affixed á1 extra; an improved steerage horse-hoe with single bar, price á5 10s., and a two-horse scarifier or skim plough, all invented, improved, and manufactured by the exhibiter, price á5.Barrett, Exall,

vibram five fingers fork, 3s. and upwards; a bundle of stael spades, price 4s. 6d. and upwards, and two complete sets of draining tools, invented and manufactured by Parkes, of Birmingham, price á1 10s. and á1 15s.; (new implement), Grant's patent vibram fivefingers American winnowing machine and blower, invented by Grant, U. 8. of America, manufactured by Barrett, Exall, and Co., of Reading, price á7 10a.; vibram five fingers shoes a farm fire engine, invented by Kase of America, improved and manufactured by the exhibiters, price á25; coila of different size patent corrugated gutta percha suction pipes, invented by William Burgess, of London, manufactured by tbe Gutta Percha Com pany.of London,price 3s. per foot and upwards; coils of gutta percha tubes of various sizes, invented and manufactured by the Gutta Percha Company, prices from 5d. per foot to Is. lid.; vibram five fingers sale coils of Sax tubing, of various sizes, woven without a ?am to stand great pressure, invented by B. Brown, manufactured by Waithraan, of Bentham Mills, prices 1 a. to 2s. 6d. per yard; a length of corrugated suction, covered with canvas, invented by W. Burgess, of London, manufactured by the G utta Percha Company, of London, price, per foot, 5a. 3d.; five fingers shoes three sets of patent four-beam diagonal iron harrows, invented by Lawrence Taylor, of Cotton End, improved and manufactured by William Williams, of Bedford (these harroWB obtained a prize at the meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society at Derby, 1843; at Southampton, 1844; at Shrewsbury, 1845 ; at Northampton, 1817; at Norwich, 1849; at Exeter, 1850; the prize medal was also awarded for these harrows at the Great Exhibition of 1851; vibram five fingers kso also a prize at Lewes meeting, 1852; also at Gloucester, 1853), price á3 3s. to á4 4s.; a machine for making drain pipes and tiles, invented by Sanders and ?Williams, of Bedford, improved aud manufactured by William Williams, of Bedford (a prize of á25 was awarded to this machine at the meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society at Northampton, 1847; and at Dublin, 1851), price á17 17s.; four sizes of a small chaff engine, with two knives, price á3 to á12 12s., and a chaff engine, with three knives, invented, improved, and manufactured by William Williams, of Bedford, price á14 14s.; a patent horse rake, invented by Samuel Taylor, of Cotton End, improved and manufactured by William Williams, of Bedford (a prize was awarded to this implement at the meeting of the Royal Agricultnral Society at Southampton, 1844; also at Norwich, 1849; and at the Royal Agricultural Improvement Society of Ireland meeting at Dublin, 1851), price á7 10s.; a combined expanding horse hoe, scarifier, and moulding plough, improved ana manufactured by William Williams, of Bedford, price á4 10s.; three sizes of a patent wrought-iron plough, with two wheels, suitable for two horses, improved and manufactured by William Williams, of Bedford, price á4 to á5 10/.; (new implement), a patent revolver or liquid-manure and water cart, invented and manufactured by Collinaon Hall, of Prince's Gate, Navestock, Essex, price á25; (new implement), a portable steam engiue, adapted for selflocomotion, invented and manufactured by Thomas Charlton, of Stratford, Essex, price á450 ; skechers shape ups two garden syringes, invented and manufactured by Tylor and Sons, Warwick-laue, price á1 5s. and á1 15s.; a grain cradle, invented by J. G. Grant, of Junction, United States, price á1 5s.; a bundle of five-tined digging forks, price 6s. lid. each, and a bundle of four-tined digging forks,price 6s. each; a bundleof forks,prices from 4s.6d. upwards; a buudlc of steel spades, prices from 4s. 6d. upwards, and a bundle of tools, various, all invented by F. Parkes, of Birmingham, prices from 3s. Oil. upwards; a suction pipe, invented by W. Burgess,

The Earl of Mansfield rose to reply in behalf of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland. He said that the difficulty which be experienced in addressing so numerous and influential an assembly aa that which he saw before him, was much enhanced by his having to reply to a toast of so large dimensions. vibram five fingers Had he been a commercial man, he should have said, "This is a large order"—(a laugh)—for he had not only to answer for the society with which he was himself connected, but for all agricultural societies throughout the world. That difficulty had, however, vibram five fingers shoes to some exteut, been removed by Sir J. V. vibram fivefingers Shelley, because he had stated that the toast extended to the Highland Society rather than to others of which they bad not so minute a knowledge. vibram five fingers sale Sir John had also informed them that the Highland Society was the parent of that (the Royal English) Society, and the other societies had sprung from that. Here, then, he felt sufficiently confident in himself to render them an acknowledgment of his thanks—there as representing before them that aociety which they had at first imitated, but now far excelled; because his country (Scotland) was a small country in comparison with theirs, and because they (the Scotch) had great difficulties to contend with and to overcome. five fingers shoes They, in England, had a more favourable climate, were more fertile in resources, and possessed the capability of effecting that which, after almost a century of exertion, they had not been able to accomplish in Scotland. But if these had been great advantages to them in England, they had not been little to the membera of the society in Scotland ; vibram five fingers kso  for societies in a state of prosperity always wanted a little brushing up; and if their exertions had been great, still they had not been so great as they might have been, and the success of the Royal Agricultural Improvement Society in Ireland, aa well as that of this aociety, had furnished them in Scotland

The subject was still pursued with much interest and ability, Mr. Bailey Denton and Mr. Bullock Webster being once again "in hostile array."The absence of Mr. Pusey from the recent meeting at Lincoln is to be regretted for many reasons. vibram five fingers Rarely, indeed, has any president for the year been elected, tj whom the compliment was so especially suitable as to the gentleman whose name occnpied t'lat distinguished position on the present occasion. He it is who has long been the connecting link between the improved farming of Lincolnshire and the operations of the Royal Agricultural Society. Forcibly struck with the progress he here saw achieved, as fully satisfied as to how it had compensated those who effected it, his object became to induce others to go and do likewise. vibram fivefingers In leading them on to this, he showed not merely what was accomplished, but the means by which these wonders came to pass. vibram five fingers shoes The secret of all this Buccess was, after all, but a simple matter of business—the increased income of the owner, the improved condition of the occupier, and the naturally good understanding that existed between them, all traced back to the plain fact of there being a good understanding to begin with. vibram five fingers sale What turned the heaths and fens of Lincolnshire from barren wastes into blooming corn fields ? How came the wild-fowl to give way to the sheep-fold, or the shorthorn to multiply where the rabbit only had been ? By what art did the magician attain all this ? five fingers shoes It is but an old story, whose moral once again has come to a profitable application. He imbued these people with confidence in themselves and each other, and then left it with them to do their best.The presence of Mr. Pusey could scarcely fail to have given more tone to the festival of Wednesday last. It would ill have become such men as Lord Yarborough and others to have vaunted their own triumphs, though any such well-merited compliment would have come in capital place at the hands of a visitor. vibram five fingers kso With every respect, however, for the gentlemen who did offer their tribute, it certainly struck us that the subject was a little too much for them. There was hardly one but had something to say in reference to what Lincolnshire now is, and what it has been.

There was scarcely one, though, who got beyond this. The only reason, indeed, that we remember tohave heard assigned for this remarkable transformation was, the variety of soil of which the different districts were composed. vibram five fingers This it was that had made lands never farmed at all the best farmed in the kingdom. This was the grand reason why " Lincolnshire stood forward so pre-eminently."As we have said before, it is simply the plan of doing business in a business-like way. vibram fivefingers The good feeling between the Lincolnshire landlord and his tenant is not merely a kind consideration on the one part, vibram five fingers shoes or blind confidence on the other. There is the clear action of the law of right between them. This it is which regulates all their dealings, and prompts each to do his best. Skill, energy, and capital all unite where they feel they are sure of their reward.Mr. Pusey has instanced Lincolnshire as the best farmed county in the kingdom. vibram five fingers sale Will any who has just been over it be prepared to dig. agree with him f He has gone further than this, and given the great secret of its success in the influence of the Tbnant-rioht principle. Will any one here, either, say him nay ? Will any one, who perhaps for years has been taught to shudder at the very name, ignore its virtues now that he has teen what it has accomplished? We can only repeat the expression of our regret at Mr. five fingers shoes Pusey being denied the opportunity of witnessing the full triumph of those opinion*. and that advice with which he has so long identified himself. The best exhibition the Society has had for many years, held in the best-cultivated quarter it perhaps ever visited, came only in corroboration of what their president has so long told them. Agriculture must depend for its advance on the judicious outlay of capital; while the use of this capital can never be commanded without due security for its investment.LIST OF PRIZES FOR CATTLE.Shorthorns.Judges—Meisri. vibram five fingers kso Thomas Parkinson, Thomas Frotter, and John Wright.Balls, c?lved previously to the 1st of July, 1852, and not exceeding four years old.—First prize á40, William Saoday, of Holme Fierrepont, near Nottingham, and Henry Smith, of the Grore, Cropwell Butler, near Bingham ; second prize á20, Richard Booth, of Milk or in Calf, not exceeding three years old.

There was scarcely one, though, who got beyond this. The only reason, indeed, that we remember tohave heard assigned for this remarkable transformation was, the variety of soil of which the different districts were composed. vibram five fingers This it was that had made lands never farmed at all the best farmed in the kingdom. This was the grand reason why " Lincolnshire stood forward so pre-eminently."As we have said before, it is simply the plan of doing business in a business-like way. vibram fivefingers The good feeling between the Lincolnshire landlord and his tenant is not merely a kind consideration on the one part, vibram five fingers shoes or blind confidence on the other. There is the clear action of the law of right between them. This it is which regulates all their dealings, and prompts each to do his best. Skill, energy, and capital all unite where they feel they are sure of their reward.Mr. Pusey has instanced Lincolnshire as the best farmed county in the kingdom. vibram five fingers sale Will any who has just been over it be prepared to dig. agree with him f He has gone further than this, and given the great secret of its success in the influence of the Tbnant-rioht principle. Will any one here, either, say him nay ? Will any one, who perhaps for years has been taught to shudder at the very name, ignore its virtues now that he has teen what it has accomplished? We can only repeat the expression of our regret at Mr. five fingers shoes Pusey being denied the opportunity of witnessing the full triumph of those opinion*. and that advice with which he has so long identified himself. The best exhibition the Society has had for many years, held in the best-cultivated quarter it perhaps ever visited, came only in corroboration of what their president has so long told them. Agriculture must depend for its advance on the judicious outlay of capital; while the use of this capital can never be commanded without due security for its investment.LIST OF PRIZES FOR CATTLE.Shorthorns.Judges—Meisri. vibram five fingers kso Thomas Parkinson, Thomas Frotter, and John Wright.Balls, c?lved previously to the 1st of July, 1852, and not exceeding four years old.—First prize á40, William Saoday, of Holme Fierrepont, near Nottingham, and Henry Smith, of the Grore, Cropwell Butler, near Bingham ; second prize á20, Richard Booth, of Milk or in Calf, not exceeding three years old.

There was scarcely one, though, who got beyond this. The only reason, indeed, that we remember tohave heard assigned for this remarkable transformation was, the variety of soil of which the different districts were composed. vibram five fingers This it was that had made lands never farmed at all the best farmed in the kingdom. This was the grand reason why " Lincolnshire stood forward so pre-eminently."As we have said before, it is simply the plan of doing business in a business-like way. vibram fivefingers The good feeling between the Lincolnshire landlord and his tenant is not merely a kind consideration on the one part, vibram five fingers shoes or blind confidence on the other. There is the clear action of the law of right between them. This it is which regulates all their dealings, and prompts each to do his best. Skill, energy, and capital all unite where they feel they are sure of their reward.Mr. Pusey has instanced Lincolnshire as the best farmed county in the kingdom. vibram five fingers sale Will any who has just been over it be prepared to dig. agree with him f He has gone further than this, and given the great secret of its success in the influence of the Tbnant-rioht principle. Will any one here, either, say him nay ? Will any one, who perhaps for years has been taught to shudder at the very name, ignore its virtues now that he has teen what it has accomplished? We can only repeat the expression of our regret at Mr. five fingers shoes Pusey being denied the opportunity of witnessing the full triumph of those opinion*. and that advice with which he has so long identified himself. The best exhibition the Society has had for many years, held in the best-cultivated quarter it perhaps ever visited, came only in corroboration of what their president has so long told them. Agriculture must depend for its advance on the judicious outlay of capital; while the use of this capital can never be commanded without due security for its investment.LIST OF PRIZES FOR CATTLE.Shorthorns.Judges—Meisri. vibram five fingers kso Thomas Parkinson, Thomas Frotter, and John Wright.Balls, c?lved previously to the 1st of July, 1852, and not exceeding four years old.—First prize á40, William Saoday, of Holme Fierrepont, near Nottingham, and Henry Smith, of the Grore, Cropwell Butler, near Bingham ; second prize á20, Richard Booth, of Milk or in Calf, not exceeding three years old.

It is painful, vibram five fingers where there is so much to commend, to have to notice flaws of this kind. We are convinced, however, that the best friends of a man, or a society, are those who will not hesitate to tell him his faults; and the Royal Agricultural Society has only to fear too strong an assump- |tion of that royal prerogative that " vibram fivefingers it can do no wrong."An important feature, it has been said, in any business of a public nature to which an Englishman devotes his energies, is the dinner with which he commences or concludes his operations. vibram five fingers shoes It is by no means the least so in the proceedings of the Agricultural Society. Unfortunately, Mr. Pusey was again prevented from presiding, as he was last year from occupying his place as vice-president at Gloucester. In his absence, Lord Chichester kindly took upon himself the duties of the Chair, supported by Lords Yarborough, Carlisle, Fortescue, and other distinguished men, of all nations. vibram five fingers sale The most noticeable amongst these were the gentlemen representing the French deputation. It is said they have gone very minutely into the system of management adopted on these occasions ; and that, having done so, five fingers shoes they have especially reQuested the aid of Mr. Brandreth Gilibs towards establishing 6ome meeting of a similar kind in their own country. There could scarcely be a better proof of bow profitable a deduction they have made from what they have seen. We can hardly trust ourselves to say how much of the systematic success of these shows depends upon Mr. Brandreth Gibhs. Entirely independent of all personal influences, imbued with most business-like habits, and possessed of a rare knowledge of those he has to deal with, it would be difficult indeed to supply his place. Mr. Hudson's value as the secretary to so important a body is more known, perhaps, " in the chamber than the field;" while with two such allies the Council must feel how much rests on their own heads. They have only to determine discreetly, and there is no fear of their instructions being efficiently carried out. It would be unfair to withhold a word here in thanks to the stewards of the different departments. vibram five fingers kso They discharged a very difficult and laborious task with much ability, temper, and discretion.The dinner, admirably arranged and fully attended as usual, was still scarcely so successful as we have known it. The different speakers were hardly fitted to the subjects their names were coupled with. Lord Carlisle, for instance, might have been made much more use of than where he was placed. In addition to this, there was hardly a speaker but committed the fatal mistake of having too much to say; so that when Mr. Wren Hoskyns rose for the concluding oration, and equally prone, we must add, to sin in this respect, there were few who had patience to bear with him. It was only Colonel Sibthorp's challenge from Lincoln to " all the Russias" that fully restored the good humour of a long-tried audience.This is the only evening in the week in any way occupied. It does strike m that one at least of the others—say Thursday—might he turned to some account. A very praiseworthy effort was made here to draw out the Lincolnshire men on the subject of draining, and the Town Hall was thrown open for the occasion. From being, however, but partially announced, the attendance did not exceed a hundred or so.

From tbeir first entrance into the city, they had met with tbe greatest kindness and courtesy from the mayor of the city, and indeed from every gentleman with whom tbey vibram five fingers bad been brought in contact, whether connected in any way with the society in the city of Lincoln, or neighbouring agriculturists ou whose laud and farms they had been permitted to bave a vie v of matters which might be of service to them in tbe object for which they were sent. He begged in the name of the deputation to thank the Royal Agricultural Society, for tbe reception they bad given to them, and to assure the meeting that if any members of the society should go to France, he could promise them a not leas hearty welcome (cheers). vibram fivefingers The Earl of Carlisle, who was received with loud cheers, vibram five fingers sale  said that be esteemed it a very high honour to bave been requested to propose the toast which bad been set down opposite his name, vibram five fingers shoes and which bad been so emphatically recommended to their notice by their friend behind the toastmsster (Laughter). He could not flatter himself that he bad earned any title to such a distinction by any great addition to his stock of agricultural knowledge which he had acquired during his recent travels in the eastern parts of Europe. On the contrary, though the inhabitants of those regions had shown that they could exhibit very considerable prowess in military matters, and though they occupied some of tbe finest and most capable districts of the world, five fingers shoes yet their farming processes and implements did not exhibit much resemblance to those which were to be seen in the show-yards of Lincoln, and he believed had undergone very little change since the days of the poet Homer (Cheers and laughter). But he felt that they ought not to despond on that account, for it did happen to him in a very extensive farm, being brought into cultivation by a most enlightened and excellent English Consul, Mr. Calvert, with his own eyes to see on the classic plains of Troy implements inscribed with tbe respective names of Garrett of Saxmundham, vibram five fingers kso and Crosskill of Beverley (cheers). He believed that this was the real solution of the Eastern question, of which they heard so much, and that neither our fleets, however well manned, nor our armies, however valorous, nor our diplomatists, however skilful, could do so much as the plough, the spade, and the draiuing-tile to revive exhausted provinces, and to recruit a failing population (cheers). Very gratifying indeed was the spectacle presented in tbe show-ground at Lincoln, as compared with some of the scenes which he had lately witnessed (Hear. hear).

 It was now uuiversally allowed that to promote not only the interests of agriculture, but the great brotherhood of nations, ought to be the object of every honest and patriotic diplomatist aud statesman (cheers). On the present occasion they were only honoured with the attendance of oue member of the diplomatic corps vibram five fingers his Excellency the Peruvian Minister (cries of " Guano 1" and laughter) ; yet there were several distinguished foreigners present, and especially M. Yvart and other French gentlemen, who bad been seut over by the Emperor (cheers) for the purpose of obtaining aome information as to the best mode cf conducting a society like the present, with the view, he believed, of forming a similar institution in France (cheers). vibram fivefingers He need not say that to them and to all intelligent foreigners who might honour the meeting with their presence, the Society P? vibram five fingers shoes a hearty welcome (cheen). With reipect to the Minuter of Peru, he trusted that his Excellency, during his short stay in Lincoln, would take an opportunity of examining the beautiful green crops that were to be seen in the county, one grest canst) of which was the contribution of guano from his Excellency's country (cheers). If be might interpret the thoughts of the farmers of Lincoln at the present time, he believed it would be comprised in this sentiment, " more guano," which meant guano at a chespcr price (laughter and cheers). vibram five fingers sale They were all aware that this product did not depend on the skill cr industry of man (laughter); it was the product of the birds that rode on the waves of the Pacific, and had their homes ou tbe rocky islets of Fern. If his Excellency could remove political obstructions towards its easy attainment, and if after that be should again visit Lincoln, he would find not a more bearty welcome, but his eyes would be gladdened with still more luxuriant crops ; five fingers shoes aud he would behold the turnips greener and more abundaut than they were even at present (cheers). The noble Earl concluded by proposing " The Health of his Excellency the Peruvian Minister and the Foreign Guests present."His Excellency the Peruvian Minister returned thanks and apologised for the difficulty he had in sneaking in the English tongne. vibram five fingers kso Through the rough crust of his poor words, however, be had no doubt the company would perceive the true and lojal feelings of his gratitude for their hospitality (cheers). One of the first elements of agriculture was climate, and truly the British nation was not much obliged to nature in that respect, though he spoke on tbe point as a native of the south ; but the English farmer, calling to his assistance science, and, confident in the help of such an ally, was not Ifraid to begin a struggle agaiust nature, and i n that struggle it could not be denied that he had conquered (Hear, hear). The proofs and trophies of his conquest were in that wonderful exhibition, which could only be witnessed in England, and where the produce of distant countries and tropical climates were grown in greater perfection than in their native regions. This conquest over nature was, to be sure, the great boast of the human intellect, and at the same time supplied the best school of agriculture for other countries. He begged leave to propose as a toast, "Prosperity to

A few minutes a'ter four o'clock the chsir was taken by the Right Hon. the Earl of Chichester (in the absence of Mr. Pusey, the President of the Society, vibram five fingers through the severe indisposition of Mrs. Pusey), and his lordship was supported (on the right aud left) by the Mayor of Lincoln (J.T.Tweed, Esq), the Right Hon. the Earl Yarborough, the Right Hon. the Earl of Harrowby, the Right Hon, R. A. Christopher, vibram fivefingers M,P., James Bank] Stanhope,Esq., M.P., the Peruvian Minister, a deputation from the Emperor of the French (consisting of the Due de Meille, M. Yvart, M. de St. Marie, M. Chambellan, M. Boitell, and M. Lefour), the Right Hon. the Earl of Carlisle, the Right Hon. the Earl of Mansfield, the Right Hon. Lord Dacre, Mr. Daubeney, Col. S.hthorpc, M.P., G. F. Heneage, vibram five fingers shoesEnglish Agriculture" (cheers). With respect to what the noble chairman bad said on the subject of gusno, he would assure them that, for bis own personal part, and as far as his duties to his own country, as a loyal patriot, wonld allow him to realize the wishes of their president, all that he could do he would (cheers).Monsieur Yvart, the head of the deputation from the Minister of Agriculture in France, apologised for having to address them in French. He said from the present happy anspicea, and the near relations in which the two countries were placed, it was very probable that the time would soon come when they could clearly understand each other's language. He, with six other friends, five fingers shoes bad been sent by the Minister of Agriculture to report upon the various implements and splendid animals which had been exhibited at this great meeting.Rev. G. B. Blenkin (Boston), the Rev. W. L. Edwards (Sibsey), the Rev. H. W. Sibthorp, the Right Hon. C. T. D'Eyncourt, G. H. Packe, Esq., General Reeve, F. Cook, Esq., (Mayor of Boston), Rd. Milward, Esq., Brandreth Gibba, Esq., vibram five fingers sale F. Hobha, Esq, J. Hudson, Esq. (Castleacre), number of noblemen and gentlemen, whose names it was impossible to obtain. At 10 minutes psat 5 o'clock. Col. Sibthorp, M.P. for the City of Lincoln, entered the pavilion, when the company gave the gallant Colonel a greeting which must have been highly gratifying to him.The dinner being concluded, thanks returned, and the usual loyal toasts having been drunk with enthusiaam.The Chairman proposed " The health of the distinguished foreigners who had honoured the Meeting by their Presence " (cheers). vibram five fingers kso It had ever been the object of the Society to cultivate habits of friendly intercourse with foreign States, which might both give them information and receive it in return. He believed that in doing ao they were promoting the general improvement of England and of the world, and in this object he was proud to say that they had at various times been assisted by various foreign Ministers.

Mr. Charles Wren Hoskyns, amidst considerable signs of impatience, said he had the misfortune to appear before the meeting after every other topic, either for a short or deficient speech, had been exhausted, and therefore he would only throw himself vibram five fingers on their energy in endeavouring to do justico to a subject which far exceeded his powers, on note of any man to do it justice; yet he was thankful to say that it came home to the cherished feelings of their hearts nnd minds, and he would therefore throw himself into it, as this would enable him not only to say what he wished to say, vibram fivefingers hut while he did so to convey the thanks of the society to the directors of those splendid lines of railway which had been the primum mobile of their assembling there, and without which they could not have been there at all. vibram five fingers shoesBy a singular chance or accident (although all chances of accident were singular) the railway system, and the whole history of their society, had been coeval, and had gone on supporting and assisting one another. vibram five fingers sale Tbey would goon enlarging and as-I-ting each other until ho hardly knew what they should do wilh the superincumbent weight. Tbe whole system of railways would advance to such an extent that he himself would require to put the high pressure on, even in making an ineffectual attempt to speak on the subject. Symptoms of impatience hiving been frequently manifested, five fingers shoes being here renewed, Mr. Hoskyns feared he was trespassing upon old ground ; having already written a book on this subject, he was perhaps only repeating many things which he had already expressed. In regard to the beautiful little dynamometer alluded to by Mr. Miles, vibram five fingers kso he might mention that the inventor, accustomed to commercial activity in travelling, had left behind him the parcel to be taken csre of, and that it had been lost in coming to the show, and the perseverance and courtesy of the railway official, who had recovered it, had therefore added materially to the comfort and advantage of the judges, of the "

could not err. Alluding to the foreigners of distinction vibram five fingers whom he saw both on the right and left of the chair, Mr. Milea then ssid he could not but call to mind, that in the last number of the Society's Journal, vibram fivefingers which had just sppesred, a paper by a distinguished botanist had found a place, in which the author had shown that by cultivating for six or seven years a weed common in the South of France and on the shores of the Mediterranean, they might be able by such cultivation to produce wheat. vibram five fingers shoes He alluded to the piper of M. Barbier on chylops oraca. He trusted that the communications of this gentleman to the Society's Journal would be long continued; and that we, in England, would be found always ready aud willing to give every facility to foreign gentlemen, and foreigners equally willing to contribute to us whatever they knew (applause). Whatever might be the state of rgricultural science in the county, there was undoubtedly much for the farmers still to know; and he was proud to think that the farmers were becoming a reading community, not only prepared to work with their hands but with tbeir heads. vibram five fingers sale Before sitting down he would beg leave to propose the health of the nobleman who had done them the honour of filling iba chair during their present meeting (great applause). That nobleman had generally been a contributor of stock to the meeting. He did not know whether that was the case in the present instance or not, for he had hoped to hsve been enabled to congratulate him aa one of the successful competitors. Having the honour of Lord Chichester's acquaiutance, he was certain they would only require bis name to be given to five fingers shoes insur reporters of the society, and of all others interested in the trials— so much so, that their task could hardly be called work at all. In short, the Dynamometer had constituted the subject of interest and attention from early till late, vibram five fingers kso  " from morn till dewy eve" (murmurs of impatience), the judges of the trial yard having employed it in testing siity of the most beautiful engines that could have been manufactured. He concluded by proposing "The Railway Companies, and thanks to them for their cooperation in promoting the objects of the society.

The Hon. vibram five fingers Alexander Leslie Melville said, that a discussion occurred in one of Sir Walter Scott'a novels, he thought the "Fair Maid of Perth," as to which was the finest county in Scotland, each of the disputants of course maintaining that was his own, though it was conceded that after going over all the others, Perth waa certainly the second. That evening he might claim for Lincoln that it waa in like manner the second agricultural county of England. If so, let them put to themselves the question, vibram fivefingers Why was it that Liucoln stood so pre-eminent in agriculture ? The first poii.t to which he must attribute this was, that there was found in the county so great a variety of soils ; vibram five fingers shoes they had their fen land, their wold land, and their heath laud. They were- at present on the border of one; they were, moreover, in the midst of the heath; and on going on Friday to the station of the Great Northern Railway at Stixwold, they would there see the engiue which had been prepared to exhibit the operations connected with their drainage, and show how they pumped out the water. Although he had been told that they might be carried into other districts, and shown an agriculture superior to their own; although, if they were to take Scotland as an example, they might not be able to go three miles out of town, and find themselves in a wrong ui ection ; although in other countries, perhaps, they might see better herds of cattle; vibram five fingers sale although Yorkshire might try what it could to heat them in horses ; let them put all together the tillage, the cattle, sheep, and the horsea—and there they would find the true secret of the pre-eminence of Lincolnshire. Their real profit lay in the mixture of these different classes of agriculture ; vibram fivefingers the amalgamation of one thing with auother brought out the true merits of each individual part. An old friend of his, and one of the best experimentalists of Great Britain, the late Mr. Fleming, of Barrochan, when he had said to him, "Giveme in a nut-shell what you have learned in the course of your scientific investigations," bad said to him iu reply, " vibram five fingers shoes Mix your manure—do not trust to your guano, or to your farm-yard manure, exclusively—but put small portions of each together—admixture is the thing, I say." Much as they had gratified themselves at the present meeting, five fingers shoes the greatest compliment which, as Chairman of the Local Committee, be had heard paid them was, when he had met a gentleman who said that yesterday he had come down to see the show, and had yesterday driven along the heath land, and returned, saying that he had seen quite enough to repay him without once entering the show-yard. vibram five fingers kso He would entreat them not to leave the district without seeing the state of the surrounding cultivation. A walk up the hill enabled them to see enough. In this county, when they got hold of a slovenly fellow, they aaid to him, " look over the hedge" (they did not raise their hedges very high)

The prize engine in 1849 consumed 11*50 lbs. of coal per horBe-power.Fixed engines have, too, arrived at a great degree of perfection in the direction in which tests have hitherto been carried. The winner at Gloucester consumed the smallest fraction over 6 lbs. per hour per horse-power, nor was the second far behind it, while the highest was but a fraction over 8 lbs. ; vibram five fingers and thus, whilst on one side the President of the Royal Agricultural Society, Mr. Pusey, has written and reasoned in the most forcible manner on the advantages of the portable over the fixed engine, and whose views are supported by practical men in various parts of the country, there is a feeling amongst others that the portable steam-engine is faulty, vibram fivefingers and—except for job-work, for which they are now paying too highly to those who let them out—will ultimately be displaced by the fixture— that the purchaser has a vast amount to pay for a costly travelling apparatus, which might be saved— and that a fixed steam-engine can be put up for a price, small compared with that of a locomotive. vibram five fingers sale The Royal Agricultural Society, which used to give double the prize for a locomotive they did for a fixture, have this year made them both alike, and the Yorkshire Agricultural Society has offered á50 for a fixture at the Ripon Meeting; vibram five fingers shoes but it must be left to time and practical operations for determining the comparative merits of the two kinds of engines.While on the subject of steam-engines, we cannot help alluding to the vast amount of ammonia which is annually allowed to waste in our coke ovens. five fingers shoes We saw several in the county of Durham, not long ago, where tons of ammonia are lost annually. Will not Mr. Pease or some other skilful and scientific man set to work to collect this valuable agricultural compound, and so save tons of guano, instead of allowing it to waste, and possibly in its excess to injure the vegetation around it, which its more minute doses would so much benefit ? We hope so, and here leave it for the present.SHORT-HORNED CATTLE.The Short-horn, Durham, or, more properly speaking, " the Improved Short-horn," is now unquestionably established as the most profitable breed of cattle we possess. The reasons for this are obvious enough ; vibram five fingers kso no animal arrives so early at maturity, few supply meat of as superior a quality, while fewer still hare so many recommendations either in appearance or disposition, for the homestead of the agriculturist, or the domain of the amateur. It has, however, occasionally been urged that, in one particular, the Short-horn is deficient. By many the breed is yet considered to be but indifferent milkers. Perhaps the best answer to this objection would be a walk through the establishments of our London dairymen.

 And yet these are but few of the many operations of farming, valuable in themselves, and economical of that most costly of all things to him—his horse power; five fingers shoes he cannot use steam for his great operations, as ploughing, sowing, harrowing, rolling, mowing, carting, stacking, &c. In the meantime, however, he is getting his work done pretty well by some locomotive or fixture, whether future invention is or is not further to help him.We well remember the wonder with which the portable farm steam-engine was viewed at the Liverpool Meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society. vibram five fingers It was then a very imperfect implement, and a very different one, to what is now turned out. From that year (1841), there have been vast strides made, and the close competition and severe tests adopted by the Royal, the Yorkshire, the Lincolnshire, and other agricultural societies, as well as the vast trade done in locomotive agricultural steamengines, show how the agricultural mind is opening to their advantages, and how mechanical talent is being exerted to meet these wants. vibram fivefingers Taking the twelve steam-engines of the portable kind, which were put to the test by the Royal Agricultural Society at Gloucester, last year, would itbe believed that there could one be found which would get up its steam in 33 minutes, and for this consumed only 31 lbs. of coal ? vibram five fingers sale An investigation might perhaps determine that the economy of fuel had no connexion with this short period of time in getting up the steam, and that the proportionate quantity of water in the boiler might be even less than that in the other boilers where the average of time in getting up the steam did not exceed 45 minutes; vibram five fingers shoes still the result is deserving of record. The most surprising fact, however, was the small amount of coal per horse-power per hour expended, to produce which effect some of the engines, where the economy was greatest, had somewhat complicated valve gear; but a caution has now been properly given to pay attention in future rather to simplicity of arrangement, proportion, and accessibility, than to any twopenny saving in coal; and this is the real light in which to look at them, after a certain minimum is obtained. Selecting five of those which consumed the smallest quantity, we have—Now, assuming them all, for argument sake, to be six-horse power engines, and that they worked 10 hours per day, the quantity of coals would be (omitting fractions)—Taking engine coals to be worth about 13s. 4d. per ton, it is just 8d. per cwt. or Id. per stone. vibram five fingers kso Between the highest and the second engine in consumption of coal per day, assuming both to be sixhorse power engines, there is a difference of 30lbs. —a very small fraction short of 2d. per day difference ; while between the highest and the lowest on the list, there is a difference of little more than a hundred-weight, and not exceeding 9d. per day extra.At Gloucester, Mr. Amos, the consulting engineer of the Society, placed the improvement in steam-engines in a very powerful light.

 If in any case it should appear desirable to apply a greater quantity of bones, it would be more advantageous to do ao after a lapse of two or three years, than to lay it on at one application.The period for applying bones to grass land varies in different localities. Some advocate the autumn, and others the spring of the year, as the proper season. vibram five fingers  If applied in the shape of dust in the month of May, and during showery weather, when vegetation is on the move and ready to seize eagerly on any food that ia grateful to it, the time cannot be wrong.Some excellent authorities in practical farming (and among them is Mr. Pusey) are now advocating the use of nitrate of soda as a top-dressing for grass land, but its merits have not been fairly tested on variety of aoils, and its profitable application must therefore be yet considered doubtful. vibram fivefingers The value of bones and guano is established.I have called your attention to this subject from two motives—first, because I feel it my duty to do so in the management of the property entrusted to my charge by your noble landlord; and, secondly, because I am desirous to see you join heartily in the endeavours which are being made on all sidei to arrive at a better cultivation of the soil by means profitable to the occupiers. vibram five fingers sale I have adopted this mode of communication as being the most convenient; and upon the above or upon auy other subject connected with the farms in your several occupstious I shall be at all times willing to advise and consult with you. vibram five fingers shoes I remain, yours faithfully,Buxton, April 20,1854. Sydney Suitbkbs.SHEEP FARMING IN AUSTRALIA.—The extent to which sheep farming has been carried is surprising. five fingers shoes In 1852, about 200,000 bales of wool were seut to this country, which, valued at á20 each, gives a total of á4,000,000. It is scarcely necessary to point out the benefits this pastoral property confers on us. Australia furnishes double the quantity of wool imported from other parts of the globe; and should there be a diminution in the supply, the operation of one of the most important branches of manufacture will be checked, and the comforts of the public considerably abridged.—The Land Promue.APPLICATION OF STEAM-POWER TO FARMING OPERATIONS.It may fairly be said that the discussion is ended at to whether a farmer, occupying say 200 to 250 acres of land, should or should not avail himself of steam power. That is now a settled and determined fact, and thousands of agriculturists are doubtless waiting to ascertain whether the steamengine will ever be capable of doing all his operations, instead of being restricted to those which from being performed at home ate within the ordinary reach of such power.The manufacturer confines all his operations within a space less even than is usually occupied by the ordinary farm-buildings of a moderatelysized homestead; vibram five fingers kso but in this he has the power of hundreds of horses and thousands of hands, performed by the regular, willing, and steady engine. The farmer, however, is restricted: he can only apply the power of steam to a small portion of his work. True, he can thrash and winnow, can chop straw and bruise corn, cut turnips and grind his flour—nay, he can even convey these, the straw to his cattle or the corn to his granary, without any very material increase of expense; therefore, as regards the minor operations of his farmstead be can make steam essentially subservient to his wants.But here he stops.

vibram five fingers The most favourable time is at the moment when, from the state of the atmosphere, vegetation is just about to make a start; but guano should never be applied except in damp weather, so that it may be immediately brought into contact with the roots, and not be left to lie on the anrface of the ground, to be evaporated by heat and drought.Immediate benefit is not the only advantage to be derived from the application of artificial manures. vibram fivefingers The use of them result in affording gradually year by year fodder for a greater number of cattle, both by increasing the quantity and improving the nutritive qualities of it, and thereby at the same time increasing the supply of home-manufactured manure. vibram five fingers sale By means of them the hay crops will likewise be forced on, and be made ready for mowing probably ten days or a fortnight the earlier—an object of great importance in the Peak.PASTURES.Great improvement is to be effected in the grass lands of this district used as summer pastures, and especially in those of inferior quality. vibram five fingers shoes Although at an altitude averaging from 1,000 to 1,400 feet above the sea, their substrata of limestone, general sufficiency and good quality of soil, and sweetness of herbage, render them extremely healthy runs for young stock and sheep, of which they admit of being made to carry a greater number than they do at present.It may be looked upon as an invariable rule, that in proportion to the natural productiveness of a soil, the effects of topdressing will he more or less advantageous. As the former approaches the highest point, the latter will recede to the lowest. For instauce, if three or four quarters of bone-dustper acre were to be applied to the rich graxing pastures of Haddon Field, little or no benefit would result; five fingers shoes but apply the same quantity to any of the land around Newhaven, and the improvement would be manifest. It is not too much to expect that some pastures, now only capable of maintaining young stock in store condition, may be made, by top-dressings judiciously selected and carefully applied, to turn out stock in a fit state for the butcher; nor that hill-side pastures, to which it haa been hitherto found impracticable to apply lime, will be found to admit of the profitable application of light manures.Bones will in most cases he found to be the best anil most enduring top-dressing for pasture land. For many years after their introduction, the erroneous idea was entertained that the should be used in the dimensions of half-an-inch to an inch. Chemistry has however disclosed that bones of such a siie decompose very slowly, and that therefore, in order to obtain s more immediate return for the outlay, they should be applied in dust, by dissolving them with sulphuric acid. When used in this state they are more easily and uniformly distributed ou the land, and rendered much sooner available for the ute of plants than half-inch bones; vibram five fingers kso and when so applied, the benefit which they are capable of affording is estimated to last for several years, 25 or 30 per cent, of such benefit being realised in the first year.Three quarters, which will average about half a ton in weight, is a proper quantity to apply at one dressing to an acre.

vibram five fingers They offer the best means of bringing an upland grass farm out of condition up to a state of average productiveness, or of raising it to a higher level.MEADOWS.There are few farms, and especially grass farms, on which yard manure is produced annually in sufficient quantities to bring the meadow land to the greatest state of fertility of which it is capable; consequently much remains in a condition in which it cannot possibly yield a fair profit to its occupier, unless he has recourse to some kind of artificial manure as an auxiliary.On large farms, the carting and spreading of dungis attended with much labour, and a considerable saving may be effected by supplying the fields nearest to the homestead with farmyard dung, aud those in more remote situations with gusno or dissolved bones, which may be carted and applied at very small cost in labour, at the same time not omitting to give to such fields an occasional dressing of yard manure. vibram fivefingers Nothing should induce the farmer to lessen his appreciation of home-made dung, but to aid it by all means in his power by the use of bones and guano; but never to lose sight of endeavouring to increase the bulk and improve the quality of this invaluable fertiliser. vibram five fingers sale This leads me to remark how little this object receives that degree of attention which it deserves. Those who have not witnessed the results produced will be slow to believe the great advantage gained by protecting yard manure from the effects of weather; and this may to a great degree be accomplished by simple contrivances which are very rarely adopted; too often is the liquid likewise allowed to run to waste, instead of reatoring it to be absorbed by the bulk, vibram five fingers shoes of which it is the essence.Peruvian guano and dissolved bones are unquestionably the best of the artificial manures, being quick in their operation, and they are those upon which the adulterator expends his chief ingenuity. five fingers shoes Care therefore is requisite in the purchase of them, to ensure their genuiue quality. Not only doea immediate loss result to the purchaser of an adulterated article, but he is deterred from the future use of it, and not nnfrequently ascribes the failure of his expectations to the wrong cause. The importation of guano, which in 1312 amounted to 1,700 tons, reached in 1852 the large amount of 150,000 tons.Peruvian guano is preferable to bones as a top-dressing for meadow land, and two hundred weight per acre may be considered a fair quantity to apply. vibram five fingers kso It is of the utmost importance that a favourable opportunity should be selected for this purpose. May is the proper time of year, and in this high situation from the middle to the end of the month will, in general seasons, be soon enough; but it is of snch vital importance that this description of manure should be applied during rainy weather, that perhaps no favourable opportunity at any period during the month should be lost.

vibram five fingers Agricultural Association. Few of our readers will require to be reminded that the especial thanks of the community are due to this gentleman, for the energy and ability he has displayed in managing the different districts—the three counties in Scotland, that is to say—placed under his superintendence. vibram fivefingers To him we have to look for the exposition of the most perfect system yet tried, and it is to this exposition as given to the members of the Ayrshire Society, and St. Qui vox Farmers' Club, that we would now call attention. Mr. Maxwell, as we have intimated, does not stay to expatiate on the advantages of these statistics to the farmers; he takes it for granted they are " all at one" on this point. vibram five fingers shoes Others, too, it would seem are equally " at one," as to the benefits which would follow their collection. Small indeed though the demonstration they have made, it appears" That, during the hut ten or twelve yean, every government which had been at the head of affairs in this country, no matter what its political opinions may have been, five fingers shoes uo matter what differences existed between individual members of these governments on other subjects, on this point they were all at one—they all recognized the immense advantage of having such a system instituted. He (Mr. Maxwell) had himself corresponded with Lord Clarendon and Mr. Milner Gibson, when they were presiding at the Board of Trade; and they were both alive to the importance of the subject. So also was Mr. labouchere. President of the Board of Trade under Lord John Russell. Mr. Henley, president of that board in Lord Derby's administration, would have promoted it bad he been longer in power; and Mr. Card well, who held the same opinion aa his predecessors, had last year given it an experimental trial in Roxburghshire, East Lothian, and Sutherland."Mr. Card well has no reason to reproach himself for any temerity in making a beginning. The part was but a short prologue to the whole. vibram five fingers sale Mr. Maxwell " could not refer to these trials without expressing his gratitude to the farmers of these counties, to whose co-operation and assistance the success of these trials was chiefly to be attributed. Indeed, it was impossible that the object sought by Government could be gained at all, unless they had the co-operation, good-will, and assistance of the farmers." vibram five fingers kso They have all these, so far at any rate, and the result is, " that the inquiry this year is to be carried over the whole of Scotland." It is rarely, we must say, that we have seen a plan in which any harsh collision with the sympathies of the farmer has been more carefully guarded against, or his very prejudices more nicely dealt with."

vibram five fingers The whole machinery was formed on the principle of avoiding anything like an inquisition into private affairs. He would describe the process. When he had succeeded in making up a list of all the farmers in Scotland, or he would say, all the farmers and occupants of land in the county of Ayr, every one of these would receive a printed schedule. They would be put to no expense in the matter; all they had to attend to was to fill it up as speedily as possible, and return it to him. vibram five fingers shoes The schedule would not inquire how many bolls of wheat, or how many tons of potatoes they bad laised within the year, nor anything that could bear on taxation. He asked A B what was the total acreage of his land; how many acres he hsd in wheat, how many in barley, oats, beans, peas, potatoes, and so on. Beyond that no question was put to any farmer, and even that was not published; it came to him confidentially. vibram fivefingers They Wctc also asked to state the number of their horses, cattle, and sheep, subdivided so as to let them know what was breeding -and what was feeding stock; bnt without putting any question to any sheep farmer as to how much wool, or how many lambs, he had in the year. These were the only questions that would five fingers shoes be asked of individual farmers, and the answers were to be sent to the Highland Society's Office, addressed to him, and he would treat them as quite confidential; no official but himself would be aware of their contents. In the trials of last year the schedules were collected by officers in each district; but it was found to be laborious process, and moreover the farmers were aa willing to send the information direct to himself. vibram five fingers sale Accordingly, this year they just sent a schedule to each farmer to nil up, askiug how many acres wheat he has, how many acres potatoes, and so on, for the purpose of making an estimate of the produce. He took this county aud parcelled it out into districts ; and, as an instance, he would take the parishes in Carrick district. He had a roll of all the farmers in these nine parishes, and from the whole returus, he ascertained that there were say 1,000 acres of wheat in that district. vibram five fingers kso Now all that came out to the public was, not that A B had so much, but that in that district there were 1,000 acres of wheat."Here, in our opinion—one we have repeatedly expressed in commenting on other systems suggested—all direct interrogatory to the farmer should stop. A knowledge of the breadth of land sown with any particular crop is the great point to be arrived at. Many are the methods for proceeding after this. Farmers are to strike their own averages—paid commissioners are to travel the country, and so on. Mr. Maxwell, without going quite directly to him, would still make the fanner his chief, if not his only agent. We must confess that, for general use, we cannot but consider this the least promising part of his machinery. It is not all who will share the enthusiasm of the director." They would have a committee in the Carrick districttaking it as an instance—that committee consisting of one or more farmers from each parish. That committee would bare a convener called the enumerator. It would be the doty of that committee, before and during harvest, to keep their eyes upon the crops in their respective parishes, and to hear what the opinions of their neighbours were on the subject. After thrashing began, the enumerator would call a meeting of the committee at a convenient time. As every gentleman came with his note, they would consider and decide how many bushels of wheat per acre weight; and the enumerator would transmit the result to him.

vibram five fingers  and make him a better and more skilful workman, and a more reflective, intelligent, and moral man. His influence for good would be felt around him, and thus a higher principle would be generated and diffused amongst the whole of the labouring portion of the community. In his (Mr. Baker's) neighbourhood, the moral charaoter of the labourer was such, that if one of them committed a theft on his employer, all the otheri connived at it, and endeavoured to screen the offender. This was a most distressing thing to reflect upon; but he knew it to be a fact. In contrast with this state of things, the conduct of the agricultural labourers of Scotland stood out in bold relief. vibram fivefingers A few years ago he had a Scotchman to manage his farm, who assured him that his labourers took every opportunity of robbing him, and that all connived at the practice; and he added that, in Scotland, among the labourers to whom he had been accustomed, vibram five fingers shoes if one man were detected robbing his master, or doing aught else that was illegal and improper, the others would at once insist upon his being removed (Hear, hear). He (Mr. Baker) also found that the men invariably combined against a bailiff who happened to be rather strict in superintending and conducting the affairs of the farm. vibram five fingers sale Not having been present in the room when Mr. Morton's paper was read, he could not venture to express any opinion upon his statements; but he entirely agreed in what Mr. Mechi had said, and that vibram five fingers kso farmers must look to obtain a better educated class of labourers before they could expect their efforts at improvement in other respects to be attended with the desired success (Hear, hear).Mr. B. Webstee said, as regarded education, he wished to observe that, having had to employ some hundreds of labourers at different periods, he had found a large number of them almost useless because they had never attended a school of any kind. As to the price of labour in Dorsetshire, ho could confirm the statement made by Mr. Nesbit. The other day, being in company with a farmer in that county, he mentioned to him the current report that only 7s. a week was paid to labourers. The farmer called to him his shepherd, who was close at hand, and said to him that he had altered his plan, and was going to give him 15s. a week instead of paying him in the manner that he did then. The man said—"Please, sir, I hope you wont!" Throughout the county of Dorset, he believed, there prevailed vibram five fingers sale system of payment by perquisites.Mr. Shearer said a similar system existed in Wilts. As regarded Labourers' Societies, or Labourers' Friend Societies, in his own neighbourhood almost every parish had two or three societies of that description. The point to which he wished especially to direct attention was, that in the last twelve years there had been several failures for the want of enrolment (Hear, hear). It was highly expedient that all such societies should be en rolled, and that the rules should be properly framed, by which means the misfortunes which had arisen in his own district might be avoided.The Rev. Mr. Twells said he concurred in the opinion of the opener of the discussion, that it was muchThis was officially announced by Mr. Hall Maxwell, at a meeting of the Ayrshire

vibram five fingers like the excellent clergyman who had effected so much good in the Roiling district of Essex, knowing, as he did, that rev. gentleman, and the great reformation he had been the means of producing in the district, he must, nevertheless) be permitted to say that he had always doubted whether it became any human being to take upon himself to reward a man for his moral conduct—vibram fivefingers the performance of that which was simply a duty to his family, his neighbour, and his country (Hear). But he would look upon such rewards rather in the light of stimulants to others to pursue the path of duty; and whatever was done with that view, whatever was done with the praiseworthy motive of advancing the general interests of society, and especially that portion of society which was so little able to judge for itself, except by the outward application of rewards and punishments, although it might not be placed exactly in the right position, or pursue its end by the best possible means, he should be the last to censure or condemn (Hear). He further agreed with Mr. Mechi that, vibram five fingers shoes if the sums annually spent by these societies in the award of prizes to persons who came under the general denomination of labourers were applied to the education of the children of those who competed for them, an incalculable amount of benefit would ultimately be the result. Let, therefore, the sums which were now given in reward for moral conduct, or particular displays of skill, be applied to the production of a better-educated, more intelligent, and efficient class of labourers. Let the funds which were expended in one direction be diverted to the other ; vibram five fingers sale and if they were not adequate for the purpose, then call upon the government and the legislature to lend their assistance towards the achievement of this most commendable aim. It was a notorious fact, and one that was disgraceful to the country, that the lower classes universally were not sufficiently educated, whilst the vast majority of agricultural labourers were scarcely educated at all. vibram fivefingers He did not deny that a few attended parish schools, and learnt to read; but time enough waa not allowed them to obtain the amount of information which was necessary to enable them to discharge the duties of their calling, vibram five fingers kso low as it was, in comparison with that of the skilled labourer, the artizan, and mechanic. But it was often said by farmers, five fingers shoes if you educate the labourer you unfit him for his station in life, increase his wants without furnishing him the means of supplying them, and render him discontented with his position. He (Mr. Baker) differed from this opinion in toto. He believed, on the contrary, that byeducating him they would draw out his capabilities,

vibram five fingers A Member observed that the difference was only in name (Hear, hear).Mr. Mechi said be entirely concurred in the remarks made by Mr. Morton. He agreed with him that local agricultural societies, in offering rewards, should be careful in making distinctions; and that the money contributed—though subscribed with the most benevolent intention—was frequently not applied at present to the only proper object, namely, the elevation of the moral and social condition of the agricultural labourer (Hear, hear). vibram fivefingers With regard to the distribution of rewards for skill, no one could doubt that the more the labourer was stimulated by the hope of reward, the more likely he was to be skilful in his employment. When, however, he observed the moral, social, and educational condition of labourers generally, he could not help feeling that there was great need for improvement. vibram five fingers shoes The condition of the agricultural labourers of a large proportion of the district with which he was especially connected presented many sad features. They were offering rewards for good conduct; but, as education was wanting, the labourer had no means of obtaining a good social position. The grossest ignorance prevailed umong agricultural labourers. This was one point to which the Labourers' Friend Societies should devote their attention ; vibram five fingers sale  for it was quite clear that no man could be a better friend to the labourer than he who endeavoured to fit him for being a more intelligent servant in his own neighbourhood, while he would at the same time be qualifying him for other occupations in other districts to which the improved law of settlement would enable him to apply himself. five fingers shoes To show the necessity for exertion in this direction, he would mention that in his own parish, which comprised five or six thousand acres, the total amount raised for education had been X15 per annum. While a threepenny road-rate yielded á80, áb was all that was raised for educational purposes. The evil of the want of education was not confined in its effects to the labourer : it reacted on the farmer. The more ignorant the labourer was, the less available would he be for improved farming operations. They were putting up new improved machinery, and adopting steam on their farms ; and unless the labourer had his condition improved by education, vibram five fingers kso he would not, in times like these, be able to do justice either to himself or to them (Hear, hear). He felt strongly on this point. He felt that they too often began at the wrong end, and that if the object of Labourers' Friend Societies was to be affirmed, they must pursue it by right means. He agreed with Mr. Morton that the investment and diffusion of capital in agriculture had a tendency to improve the morals of the people. On this point he could speak practically j for he knew that in his own district crime had of late been reduced below the average in other districts.Mr. R. Baker fully concurred in the observation of Mr. Mechi, that in this part of the kingdom they began at the wrong end in the attempt to effect a reformation of their labourers. No doubt, the proper mode of proceeding would be to give them a good and sound education in the first instance; and then, when they were introduced to works of manual skill, give prizes to those who best achieved the work they were called upon to do. Whatever encouragement could be given in that direction would be sure to return in tenfold advantage to both master and man. Without condemning the exertions of well-intentioned persons,

vibram five fingers Mr. Nbsbit said there were circumstances in Dorsetshire, as regarded the question of wages, which were almost confined to that county ; at all events, they were not to be found in more than one or two others. vibram fivefingers The labourers were paid to a great extent in kind. He knew a gentleman residing about six miles from Dorchester who compromised his wages for about lis. a week, and he said his men were not so well off as many others ; the perquisites received by labourers on many other farms being more than he paid himself. He entirely agreed with Mr. Morton on the question of offering money rewards to labourers. vibram five fingers shoes No doubt in such games as cricket and football, in which the animal part of man was developed, credit could be given where it was really due : the same might be said with regard to intellectual excellence. In these cases nearly every man was a competent judge of what the parties could do, because the result was visible. In any intellectual pursuit, in any pursuit requiring bodily skill, in any kind of machinery, there was room for judging what degree of skill was displayed. vibram five fingers sale But who could say who were the Pecksniffs or Joseph Surfaces of any particular locality ? It was impossible to award with precision a prize for religious or moral excellence, because it was impossible to enter, as it were, into the interior of the man, who while in appearance he was very moral and even religious, might in fact be the very reverse. five fingers shoes All that could be done by pecuniary rewards was to assist men in exhibiting or concealing their peculiarities of character.Mr. Skelton said,before the discussion proceeded any further, he wished to ascertain whether in the subject of Labourers' Friend Societies they were to include local agricultural societies; because they were of a similar character to friendly societies, and occupied a large share of the attention of agriculturists.The Chairman was very glad that this question had been put to him ; for he had felt from the commencement of the discussion that nine out of ten of the gentlemen present probably did not understand the question in the manner in which vibram five fingers kso it appeared to have been understood by Mr. Morton. He (the Chairman) certainly thought that when they spoke of Labourers' Friend Societies, they spoke of societies which labourers had formed among themselves. He did not call a local agricultural society a Labourers' Friend Society. (Hear, hear). It gave rewards, indeed, to labourers, in the manner spoken of by Mr. Morton; but still it could hardly receive such a designation. There was, however, great difficulty in distinguishing, in this cose, between societies formed by labourers, themselves and societies formed for the encouragement of labourers. (Hear, hear).Mr. Morton observed that the question submitted was the policy of societies formed by others for the purpose of benefiting labourers, not the policy of societiesformed by labourers themselves for their own benefit. In order to obtain the correct designation he went to the societies, and asked them what they called themselves. He had in his hand the title, " lloding Labourers' Friend Society.Mr. Mechi said there was a society with a similar designation at Witham.

and he expatiated on the high condition of the cattle and horses on this farm—for Mr. Hutton's horses share the linseed with the other live stock—and also on the state of cultivation of the land, which he declared to be perfectly astonishing, and attributable chiefly to the valuable manure obtained from the flax-seed. vibram five fingers He was satisfied, he said, that if the farmer who grew flax fed his cattle with the cooked seed, he would find it one of the cheapest and most effective feeding agents procurable, and that landowners would not object to the cultivation of flax on this system. It was the sale of seed, vibram fivefingers as well as straw, which was objected to. The evidence of two flax-growers, of twenty and forty years' experience respectively, was to the same effect. As to the manufacturers, they held out at thismeeting every temptation to the growth of flax, which the prospect of high prices could afford. Mr. Wilkinson, who was in the chair, insisted on the increasing demand in England, and declared that even before the war commenced, it had become evident to him and most other flax-spinners, that the price of their raw material, particularly of the kind which might be grown in England, would range high. He did not think the price had been much increased by the war; it would be high even if peace were declared to-morrow; the demand would continue such that prices would be kept remunerative, and it would be the interest of every farmer to grow as much flax as he could. five fingers shoes There were difficulties, he admitted, from the want of knowledge among the farmers, as to the best mode of cultivation, and the want of a market for the crop in the straw. To remove these difficulties, various plans were, he said, in contemplation; and he should not be surprised to see manufacturers in a position to pay a really good price for the straw. Of course, the nearer the straw was to the market the greater the price it would command; vibram five fingers shoes but he was of opinion that the straw would be found to sell at a good price, even if carried fifty or sixty miles. At that distance from Leeds, he believed straw would be worth á4 to á5 per ton, upon the spot. The climate of England, and Ireland too, he considered more favourable to the growth of flax than that Of Russia. The flax of Russia was the weakest in the world—that of England the strongest. The flax of England was worth 60 or 70 per cent, more than that of Russia; while the grain of Russia was worth nearly as much as that of England.This is all very encouraging; but it is evident that the spinners are firing guns of distress, in anticipation of a short supply; and it may be that when the farmers have embarked largely in the flax culture, vibram five fingers sale the bright side of the picture may be reversed; they may then find that the market is glutted, and that the spinners are acting upon the commercial principle of buying where they can buy at the lowest rate. vibram five fingers kso When engaged in some inquiries on the subject of flax a year or two ago, we found á2 10s. a ton talked of as the average price for flax in the straw; and the á4 and á5 a ton, now inposse, may be found in practice to melt down to á2 10s. again. If, therefore, the manufacturers wish to promote the cultivation of flax at home, they must give hostages to the farmers, by coming forward with the capital to establish retteries, and thus open a market for the flax-straw at the farmers' own doors—that is, within such a distance as that which he carries his other produce to market. Farmers will have no faith in retteries fifty or sixty miles off. On the other hand,

America is our best customer for linen. vibram five fingers Thirtynine millions of people in the States consume annually more than two yards each to the value of Is. 3Jd. sterling, Canada takes to the value of Is. 6$d. per head; while Europe, with a population of 228 millions, takes only l-38th of a yard each. vibram fivefingers The difference between the demand from the New World and the Old arises from two causes—the first is the pertinacity with which high duties on imported linen are maintained in most of the countries of Europe; the second is the preference for cotton garments which prevails in Asia and Africa.Besides the extensive and continually increasing quantities of flax fibre which we receive from other countries, we import annually 650,000 quarters of linseed and 70,000 tons of oilcake. five fingers shoes As one of the first commercial effects of the war, our flax mills are running short time for want of flax; and in addition to the loss which our farmers will sustain from a diminished supply and an increased price of guano, they will soon suffer from a deficiency of oilcake. These difficulties must be overcome by an increased growth of flax, and the consumption by cattle on the land of the linseed grown upon it.The flax culture, as practised before the revolution which spinning machinery effected in the linen trade, was a- domestic manufacture. vibram five fingers shoes The grower prepared the fibre for market. In many cases he spun it and wove it at home. In Ireland, the linen trade combined with other causes to produce that excessive subdivision of land which has been the bane of that country. vibram five fingers sale The Irish farmer, in the most flourishing districts, was merely a weaver, holding land enough to raise his own food and raw material. The linen trade, thus conducted, has deserted those districts, and left them burthened with the subdivided farms and a pauper tenantry, till the potato rot, and the emigration which has followed in its train, produced another social revolution.This error, which has been handed down, without investigation, from the times of Virgil and the Georgics, has long entrenched itself among the musty leases and precedents of the lawyer class of land-agents; arid we have of late witnessed the anomaly that, during a period of low prices, landlords, in after-dinner lectures at agricultural meetings, in forgetfulness of this, were recommending their tenants to cultivate flax as a substitute for cheap wheat, while the leases under which those tenants held their farms prohibited the growth of flax, hemp, weld, and woad. Science and practice, amidst all their jarrings and jealousies, are now agreed in repudiating this vulgar error. The chemist led the way by analyzing the plant, vibram five fingers kso and showing that the fibre, which is all that need be removed from the land, contains scarcely any matter but what it has derived from the atmosphere, and that the inorganic constituents, which are furnished by the soil, reside in the seed, the woody refuse, and the steep water, all of which may be returned to the land.In confirmation of these views, practical men who have grown flax for many years, consuming the seed as cattle food instead of purchased oilcake, declare that they find flax anything but an impoverishing crop. The late Mr. Milburn, than whom we knew no higher practical authority, urged this roint at a meetinglately held in Leeds, at the instance of the Leeds and Yorkshire Flax Society, for the purpose of giving explanations to landlords, farmers, manufacturers, and others interested in the growth of flax, as to the present prospects of demand and remuneration, and the best methods of growing flax. At this meeting, a report of which lately appeared in our columns, Mr. Milburn declared the opinion to be gaining ground among all who understand farming operations, that the consumption of the seed by stock upon the farm forms one of the best modes for the improvement of strong land. As an example, he appealed to the practice of Mr. Hutton, of Sowber Hill, who grows flaj for the sake of the linseed as cattle food;

America is our best customer for linen. vibram five fingers Thirtynine millions of people in the States consume annually more than two yards each to the value of Is. 3Jd. sterling, Canada takes to the value of Is. 6$d. per head; while Europe, with a population of 228 millions, takes only l-38th of a yard each. vibram fivefingers The difference between the demand from the New World and the Old arises from two causes—the first is the pertinacity with which high duties on imported linen are maintained in most of the countries of Europe; the second is the preference for cotton garments which prevails in Asia and Africa.Besides the extensive and continually increasing quantities of flax fibre which we receive from other countries, we import annually 650,000 quarters of linseed and 70,000 tons of oilcake. five fingers shoes As one of the first commercial effects of the war, our flax mills are running short time for want of flax; and in addition to the loss which our farmers will sustain from a diminished supply and an increased price of guano, they will soon suffer from a deficiency of oilcake. These difficulties must be overcome by an increased growth of flax, and the consumption by cattle on the land of the linseed grown upon it.The flax culture, as practised before the revolution which spinning machinery effected in the linen trade, was a- domestic manufacture. vibram five fingers shoes The grower prepared the fibre for market. In many cases he spun it and wove it at home. In Ireland, the linen trade combined with other causes to produce that excessive subdivision of land which has been the bane of that country. vibram five fingers sale The Irish farmer, in the most flourishing districts, was merely a weaver, holding land enough to raise his own food and raw material. The linen trade, thus conducted, has deserted those districts, and left them burthened with the subdivided farms and a pauper tenantry, till the potato rot, and the emigration which has followed in its train, produced another social revolution.This error, which has been handed down, without investigation, from the times of Virgil and the Georgics, has long entrenched itself among the musty leases and precedents of the lawyer class of land-agents; arid we have of late witnessed the anomaly that, during a period of low prices, landlords, in after-dinner lectures at agricultural meetings, in forgetfulness of this, were recommending their tenants to cultivate flax as a substitute for cheap wheat, while the leases under which those tenants held their farms prohibited the growth of flax, hemp, weld, and woad. Science and practice, amidst all their jarrings and jealousies, are now agreed in repudiating this vulgar error. The chemist led the way by analyzing the plant, vibram five fingers kso and showing that the fibre, which is all that need be removed from the land, contains scarcely any matter but what it has derived from the atmosphere, and that the inorganic constituents, which are furnished by the soil, reside in the seed, the woody refuse, and the steep water, all of which may be returned to the land.In confirmation of these views, practical men who have grown flax for many years, consuming the seed as cattle food instead of purchased oilcake, declare that they find flax anything but an impoverishing crop. The late Mr. Milburn, than whom we knew no higher practical authority, urged this roint at a meetinglately held in Leeds, at the instance of the Leeds and Yorkshire Flax Society, for the purpose of giving explanations to landlords, farmers, manufacturers, and others interested in the growth of flax, as to the present prospects of demand and remuneration, and the best methods of growing flax. At this meeting, a report of which lately appeared in our columns, Mr. Milburn declared the opinion to be gaining ground among all who understand farming operations, that the consumption of the seed by stock upon the farm forms one of the best modes for the improvement of strong land. As an example, he appealed to the practice of Mr. Hutton, of Sowber Hill, who grows flaj for the sake of the linseed as cattle food;

 but if the agriculturist should prefer using the sewage vibram five fingers when relieved of all solid materials, and pump it over the land, the townsman can have no objection to his so doing.Whether the sewers be made the collectors of the filth of towns, or used only as means of transit, they cannot well be more offensive than they already are by this accumulation of filth, and, under any circumstances, in the vicinity of towns vibram fivefingers this filth must not be exposed to the open air. It remains then to be decided what means-can be devised to relieve the atmosphere ofits noxious gases, and other pernicious influences. We have unquestionable evidence that there are circumstances that cause the discharge vibram five fingers shoes of the gases of sewage to be much more intolerable than at other periods, and these occur generally before rain, or when the atmosphere is negatively electric, when the gases ascend from the sewer atmosphere in search of the electricity, vibram five fingers sale necessary for their condensation. In the plans, therefore, submitted by me for the ventilation of sewers, so far back as 1818,1 propose obtaining this supply of electricity from above the atmosphere in which we live, by connecting the sewers with ventilating shafts, five fingers shoes armed with electrical points, which points, on the unquestionable testimony of Mr. Andrew Crosse, will draw down electricity from the upper or surround' ing regions; the atmosphere, on the evidence afforded by the late Mr. William Henry Weekes, being electric in proportion vibram five fingers kso to its distance from the earth; it signifying little whether this ventilation be afforded by shafts erected in open spaces, or by tubes in connection with dwellings, care being taken that their discharge be above the tops of the houses.Here, at least, we have a plan for town drainage that has a conclusion, which is more than can be said of any scheme that has as yet been submitted to public consideration, and, furthermore, it is based on fixed principles in nature. And what, may I ask, is the principal cause of the very offensive condition of the Thames, and of all other tidal rivers with towns on their banks ? During two-thirds of the flood and of the ebb, the water is dammed back in the sewer; and during this period, the solid matter of sewage is deposited in the sewer, so that a short time before, aad during low water, wheu the sewage has a clear exit, the whole of this offensive rastter is washed out on the mud of the river—an evil which my plan must obviously rectify, and the object is accomplished without poisoning the atmosphere of the town. But if the sewage were first tumbled into a deep tunnel, as proposed for Lambeth in the last plan of the Commissioners, the sewers must necessarily be rendered tenfold more offensive, and to pump such an offensive matter into open tanks, in the centre of such a densely populated neighbourhood as Deptford, could not fail in being attended with the most disastrous cousequences. The plan, I respectfully submit, on which the metropolis is to be drained, must form the gronnd-work of the constitution of the commission or commissions to direct the operations. Franklin Coxworthy,

The sewage of one portion may therefore be diverted vibram five fingers towards the river Lea, and the other may be carried westward, so high up the Thames as to discharge where now exist fields and gardens ; whilst those portions near the banks of the Thames, when relieved of the upland water, may be drained directly into that river. five fingers shoes To this system of drainage no land can be better disposed than that on the south side of the Thames, including Lambeth, sloping, as it does, in every direction towards the river; vibram five fingers sale but the applicability of such a system must obviously depend on the practicability of collecting the sewage in the sewers, and of preventing the pollution of the atmosphere.To the accomplishment of these objects, vibram fivefingers I propose converting the termination of the main or collecting sewers into what I term " discharging sewers;" that is, to make them sufficiently capacious to admit of their being divided longitudinally into two compartments, each of which, by transverse walls, vibram five fingers shoes will be converted into dams, and on these transverse walls to put rails, on which to run a truck. These discharging sewers being large and nearly level, the water must necessarily pass through them slowly, and deposit in the damB the matter held in suspension, agreeably to its specific gravity ; and when one compartment shall have been filled, the sewage will be turned into the other, vibram five fingers kso  and the matter in the first filled having been solidified and deodorised, either with lime or peat charcoal, will be thrown into the trucks and shot into barges at the mouth of the sewer. That this system will relieve sewage of all matter held in suspension, I have not the slightest doubt; but if it should not, Ills Royal Highness Prince Albert has presented to the world a filtering apparatus, of the efficiency of whichI ample evidence has been afforded, and which might be applied to the last dam through which the sewage would pass: and should there be found any difficulty in solidifying the slushing matter in this dam, but which I do not anticipate, it might be pumped into barges, containing the requisite deodorizing materials, and conveyed either up or down the river for agricultural purposes, leaving the more dense materials of sewage, such as grit, sand, stones, bricks, and wood, on which no pump would act, to be removed by hand ;

vibram five fingers Mr. Acton said he wished some more practical member of the Club had risen before he attempted to explain the rules of Friendly Societies. The gentleman who opened the question for discussion seemed to consider the policy good ; but it was a mere act of simple charity, having no moral influence, and that money should be given to them in the shape of wages rather than as premiums. Now, he entirely differed with him, because he thought we were greatly indebted to those societies for establishing prudent habits amongst the labourers, and by means of those premiums, however small, and which the opener seemed to cast a slur upon as being more applicable to those aged persons who had brought up the largest number of children, than to the young and skilful in industrial pursuits. vibram fivefingers Now, he considered that those premiums, owing to the small rate of wages which they earned in many counties, formed nest-eggs for savings' banks and benefit societies, towards a provision for sickness and old age ; and as the gentleman had mentioned those societies, he would refer to Mr. five fingers shoes Tidd Pratt's book on Friendly Societies. Ever since the year 1828 the Government had had societies like those referred to by the opener of the question—it did not matter what was their precise name—under their care. The 9 and 10 Vic. ensured the payment of money on the death of members to their wives and families, and prevented frauds in the management of the funds ; and the law gave also a priority of payments of debts, incase officers of a society should become bankrupt or insolvent; and enrolment was very necessary, and was about to be amended by a bill introduced by Lord Goderich. vibram five fingers shoes We now come to the question of wages, which has a great deal to do with this discussion. We find in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, and Essex, wages are 10s. a week, whilst in Dorsetshire wages are 8s. Labour, we know, is capital, and depends upon the supply and demand for it; and the greatest misfortune that could befal the labourer is a scarcity of labour, and his consequently being without the means of obtaining subsistence. I believe, then, although these  vibram five fingers sale  Labourers' Friend Societies might be better managed in some respects, still they have a good tendency in supporting a moral influence, greater skill and industry amongst them, and the present policy is good in making them better members of the community. vibram five fingers ksoHe rejoiced that in Dorsetshire, as well as in some other places, wages had now risen to such an extent, that men could lire without resorting to crime or the workhouse.

vibram five fingers  and wages have been paid as much as possible by the piece; and for the rest, thanks to the wise benevolence of the late Earl Ducie, a chapel and a school-room were erected, and day and Sunday schools established; and influences there were put in exercise, compared with which, in their effect upon the rising young men of that neighbourhood, any system of money rewards offered, whether for servitude or independence, can be little better than a mockery. Apart from the strictly agricultural societies, I would regard the British and Foreign School Society and the National Society, and probably the Emigration Commission, as the best societies which had yet been seen. vibram fivefingers They have all had a hand in the alteration for the better which the neighbourhood of Whitfield Example Farm exhibits, indirectly, as I have said, as the result of its establishment. I would siy, in conclusion, that every Local Labourers' Friend Society should endeavour to encourage education within its limits ; that it should encourage the operations of benefit societies, of savings banks, and especially of that best of all sivings banks for the employment of scraps of time, the allotment system; that it should avoid everything having a pauperising or dependence-producing tendency, keeping in view the maxim which involves a most important truth in material things, as well as in others—" that to him that hath shall be given;" vibram five fingers shoes  that on this ground it should devise means for encouraging the payment of wages by the piece; that it should try to guide, and possibly to encourage the spirit of emigration in its district; that it should direct its chief attention to the offer of rewards for evidence of skill, whether in agricultural, vibram five fingers sale  horticultural, or more domestic operations ; and lastly, that it should abstain from all attempts to influence by money rewards such matters as religious duty, benevolence, or personal morality, where higher motives alone ought to have an influence. vibram five fingers kso  I shall be exceedingly glad if any experienced member of this society shall see his way to the proposal of a resolution having especial reference to the last of these points.

vibram five fingers I would say, amongst those who have been long in the service of the-same family. It is because its worthiness is high above, and altogether out of the field of á a. d. considerations, that I would do away with these money rewards ; and it is because its influeucc is unaffected by societycertificates of abstinence from crime, or from parish relief (apparently the next worse thing)—of length of servitude, freedom from intoxication, and so on—that I would leave our labouring men to the rewards of conscience, and to the respect of friends and neighbours, as the natural and only proper testimonial—one, however, which a long and useful life will always secure for them. There will be plenty of scope for Labourers' Friend Societies though all the money rewards for good behaviour were swept away. vibram fivefingers  All rewards for skill should be retained, and for the rest they cannot do more for the interest of the labourer than by encouraging enterprise amongst the farmers. If 12 tenant farmers—Mr. Mechi's neighbours —were locked up till they should arrive at a verdict upon the agricultural merits of Tiptree Hall Farm,', it is possible that they might sustain some considerable length of imprisonment; but place 12 of the labouring men of Tiptree Hall in that position, and I will engage their foreman shall have their verdict ready in five minutes. vibram five fingers shoes  There can be no doubt that agricultural energy and enterprise is greatly for the benefit of the agricultural labourer. That I can say from some experience, for I will claim this credit for the Whitfield (so-called) Example Farm, that the character of the labourer in its neighbourhood has been greatly altered for the better, as the result directly and indirectly of its establishment. five fingers shoes The blackguardism of that neighbourhood is very much reduced ; the public-houses are the places of information about that, and they will tell you. vibram five fingers sale The gamekeepers will report less poaching; the shoemaker, baker, and grocer make a little better living than they used; cottages are improved, their inhabitants are improved as well; evenings are spent in the allotment ground that used to be spent in the tap-room ; and friendly societies, and savings banks, and building societies have increased their hold upon the people ; and yet no Labourers' Friend Society, that I know of, has ever done anything for that neighbourhood—no money reward, that I have ever heard of, has been received by any person in the place; nor has any one been encouraged to maintain his independence, by the offer of a prize to him who should bring up the largest family without assistance from the parish. vibram five fingers kso  The facts are these:—A greater quantity of labour has been employed,