China Wireless modem Manufacturers, Serial server Factory https://blog.dnevnik.hr/zigbeemodule
ponedjeljak, 29.08.2022.
The method of ZigBee3.0 wireless data packet capture and debugging based on E18-2G4U04B
Introduction to ZigBee3.0 Wireless Packet Capture
ZigBee3.0 is a standard protocol launched by the ZigBee Alliance that can be interconnected. The previous Packet Sniffer packet capture tool cannot parse the data packets of ZigBee3.0. Because of the security mechanism of ZigBee3.0, all data packets are encrypted and cannot be Parse the meaning of each data, so this packet capture method is not very helpful in the ZigBee 3.0 development process. If the third-party packet capture software Ubiqua is used, ZigBee 3.0 data packets can be parsed. The specific application of Ubiqua will be introduced in detail below.
1. Ubiqua installation instructions
Step 1: Unzip the Ubiqua installation package
Step 2: Select the official installation file "UbiquaToolbox_1.4.2244.msi" for installation. During the installation process, select the installation disk and directly "Next" until the installation is successful.
Step 3: Copy the "Ubiqua.exe" file to the original file in the installation directory, and the installation is complete.
Note: This article is mainly for teaching and demonstration purposes. The genuine installation package needs to be downloaded from the Ubiqua official website.
2. Ubiqua's packet capture instructions
industrial iot gateway
modbus tcp gateway
modbus ethernet
rs485 ethernet adapter
Step 1: Plug the product E18-2G4U04B into the USB port of the computer.
Step 2: Open the Ubiqua software, in the device management column, you can see that the software has automatically identified the device information of the E18-2G4U04B (TI CC2531).
Step 3: Turn on the button switch on the device, select the channel with the right mouse button, for example, select channel 20, you can capture the wireless data packets on channel 20.
Step 4: Now, because the network key is not known, the captured data packets are encrypted and not unlocked.
Step 5: Need to add a key, ZigBee3.0 has multi-layer key management, only need to add Trust Center Link Key here, add the default key of ZigBee Alliance here. Select "Tools", then select "Security", then select "Add", select "Application or Trust Center Link Key" for the key type, enter the default key of the ZigBee Alliance, and finally add it, and click "OK".
Step 6: The trust center connection key was added before, but the network key is not known and the data packet cannot be parsed. At this time, you only need to rejoin the network once, so that the trust center (coordinator) will publish the network key. Out, Ubiqua will automatically save the network key issued by the trust center. As shown in the figure below, the data packets are all parsed after re-entering the network, for example, the sent 12 34 56 78 90 can be parsed. Open "Security" again and you can see that Ubiqua has automatically saved the network key.
3. Common tools in Ubiqua packet grabber
`Save the current data
aScroll display
bSingle package decomposition window displays the latest package
cClear all
d Current filter
e Enable and disable filters
fCreate a new filter
g Edit current filter
h Delete filter
4. ZigBee3.0 packet analysis
` The timestamp of the data packet, showing the time of the data packet and the time difference between the two data packets.
aZigBee channel, 16 channels.
bZigBee3.0 protocol layer, mainly including Nwk, ZDP, APS, MAC, ZCL, Custom (custom) and so on.
c Packet information, analyze the specific function of the packet.
d The source network short address of the data packet
e The destination address of the data packet
Expand Packet View to see all the parsed data in the data, the main MAC address, network short address, PANID, endpoint number, Cluster ID, Profile ID and other parameters, APS Payload is the interactive data sent by the application layer, here is custom sent 12 34 56 78 90.
ponedjeljak, 22.08.2022.
lorawan network acquisition system
1. Introduction to the system
With the development and application of IoT technology, many emerging IoT platforms and protocols have emerged. LoRaWAN is a LoRa-based star network that uses the low power consumption and long-distance wireless communication features of LoRa modules. This network is suitable for various smart meter reading services. The LoRaWAN network consists of three main parts, the device side, the gateway and the server side.
lorawan network acquisition system
The following is the use of E78-DTU, E890-470LG11 wireless module LoRaWAN gateway to build a LoRaWAN automatic acquisition system. The LoRaWAN server adopts ChirpStack open source server. The schematic diagram of the whole system is as follows. The equipment side uses E78-DTU to connect with the collected equipment through RS485, E78-DTU communicates with the E890-470LG11 gateway through LoRa, the gateway forwards the data to the cloud server through the network, and the cloud server makes corresponding processing and forwards it to the client.
lorawan gateway server
After the configuration is complete, log in to the configuration website. The default account password is admin.
2. E890-470LG11 configuration process
Turn on the E890-470LG11 and use the laptop to connect to the WiFi of the gateway, named EBT-E890-XXXX. Enter 192.168.10.1 in the browser to enter the configuration page, and the password is root. The gateway ID matches the configured ID on the server, and the IP address is modified to the server's IP address. After the configuration is correct, the LINK light of the gateway will be always on to indicate that it is now connected to the server.
lorawan gateway settings
3. E78-DTU configuration process
E78-DTU uses the matching configuration host computer configuration. Select the corresponding serial port, open the serial port and click to enter the configuration, the server produces AppEUI and AppKEY, fill in 0 for APPEUI, then click Write Parameters to write the parameters into the device, and finally click to exit the configuration, if the configuration is correct, the device LINK light will be on.
E78-DTU digital radio gateway
Wireless modem
Configure the automatic polling parameters, and enter the corresponding command according to the polling data, the timeout time of the collected device, the collection interval and whether to add CRC check. The figure below is configured as a polling Modbus command, and the read coil, read discrete input register, read holding register, and read input register are added in sequence in the figure below. After adding two bytes of CRC-16 (Modbus) check.
Data radio modbus communication protocol
At the same time, the DTU is set to the polling mode as shown in the figure below, and the interval between two large polling events can be set according to actual needs.
DTU digital radio gateway polling mode
4. Client configuration
Here, use the MQTTX software to subscribe to the upstream data topic of the Chirpstack server, first connect to the Mqtt server, and enter the correct server address and port.
The automatic acquisition system built with Chirpstack, E890-470LG11 and E78-DTU can quickly build an IoT network, simplifying the process of building end-to-cloud, while using LoRa radio frequency technology to improve the communication distance, improve the communication distance of equipment, and automatically collect data It can simplify the collection process and save labor costs. Networks built with Chirpstack servers can reduce device management.
ponedjeljak, 08.08.2022.
Characteristics and application of data transmission technology based on GPRS
I. Overview
GPRS is a general packet radio service technology, which can be said to be anevolutionary version of the GSM transmission data mode. The GSM transmission isperformed in a circuit-switched mode, and the GPRS uses a packet switching moderegardless of whether the device transmits data or not. The channel resourcesare only occupied when the device transmits or receives, thereby improvingresource utilization. Today, for the shortage of wireless resources, thedevelopment of Power module GPRS has an inter-generational significance. GPRS is atechnology between 2G and 3G, so it is called 2.5G. At the same time, becauseit is transmitted in the packet mode, the billing method will be calculatedaccording to the amount of data communicated, which is a good example ofmulti-pass. Pay, the principle of paying less and paying less.
Second, thecharacteristics
The picture above shows the GPRS module introduced by Chengdu Ebyte Technology Co.,Ltd. The company also launched GPRS products such as G01 series, G02 series,E840-DTU series, etc. For the experience of these products, the advantages ofthe following GPRS are summarized.
1, timeliness isstrong
Compared with the short message service, GPRS is a real-time online state, NB Module andcan process multiple data at the same time or receive multiple detection pointswithout stopping the current working state. Ideal for systems that collect datafrom multiple target points simultaneously.
2, remote work
GPRS not only has a long working distance, but also can perform two-wayoperation of the system, which is very suitable for some applications such asremote device operation and remote device upgrade.
3, low cost
Because the GPRS network covers most areas, there is basically no blind area,so there is no need to establish a communication network separately. Only thedevice needs to be installed and inserted into the SIM card, so that networkcommunication can be performed.
4, a wide range of applications
GPRS can be usedfor communication in complex urban environments, remote mountainous areas, andultra-long-distance inter-regional areas. Due to its wide coverage, unlimitedgeographical area, and unlimited capacity expansion, it is ideal for buildinginformation acquisition systems. .
5, fast landing
Fixed dialing mode requires at least 8-10s because of the need to dial, verify,log in to the server, etc., and GPRS will immediately apply to enter the GPRSnetwork when booting, and only need to transfer data from the link to theremote server. — 3s of time.
6, high data rate
According to different coding schemes (CS-1~CS-4), GPRS has a data rate of9.05Kb/s, 13.4Kb/s, 15.6Kb/s, and 21.4Kb/s. If a set of data is transmittedusing an 8 hour channel, the theoretical maximum physical frame data ratetransmitted over the air can be 21.4*8=171.2 Kbps. However, because of the needto use error correction coding and anti-interference problems in practicalapplications. Therefore, the general GPRS module adopts two coding modes ofCS-1 and CS-2, and the operator provides up to four time slots for thecustomer, but the maximum speed can still reach 13.4*4=53.6Kbps, and theaverage transmission rate can also reach about 40Kbps. .
7, low communication costs
The GPRS module uses a SIM card to charge according to the traffic or monthlysubscription, and can directly transmit data with the Internet. So don't worryabout excessive communication costs
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