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Poslovno i programsko vodstvo HRT-a

Mirko Galić - glavni ravnatelj HRT-a

Marija Nemčić - ravnateljica HTV-a

ODJEL ZABAVNI PROGRAM
(Aleksandar Kostadinov)

Odjel DRAMSKI PROGRAM
(Jasminka Živalj)

Odjel PROGRAM ZA KULTURU
(Branka Kamenski)

Odjel ZNANSTVENO OBRAZOVNI PROGRAM
(Domagoj Burić)

KABINET MINISTRA

Ministri (13)
Financija: Ivan Šuker

Kulture: mr.sc. Božo Biškupić (pomoćnik Ante Mandarić)

Pravosuđa: Ana Lovrin

Unutarnjih poslova: Ivica Kirin

Vanjskih poslova: Kolinda Grabar Kitarović

Zdravstva i socijalne skrbi: Neven Ljubičić

0. UVOD

- razgovor o omiljenim filmovima, trenutnom kinorepertoaru
FILMSKI RODOVI: dokumentarni, igrani, animirani, eksperimentalni, obrazovni,
propagandni
- definiranje filma: umjetnost, zabava, industrija, politika (ideologija, svjetonazor), tehnika
- film i druge umjetnosti:
fotografija (planovi i kompozicija)
strip
književnost (tehnika naracije, fabularna struktura, scenarij)
>>> Frank Norris:»McTeague» >>Erich von Stroheim:»Pohlepa»(1924) 10 sati!skraćeno na 2h
(oskar: adaptacija/originalni)
kazalište (glumci, scenografija, rasvjeta)
glazba
200 000 igranih filmova na svijetu >> 38 godina bez spavanje za gledanje

1. FILMSKI ZAPIS (povijest izuma)

- 90 % osjeta vid, 5 % sluh, 5 % ostali

- laterna magica 1659.
- otkriće fotografije Francuz Joseph Nicéphore Niépce 1822.

- ustrajnost (perzistencija) vida
>> igračke: Thaumatrop (ptica u kavezu)
Zoetrop (sličice u disku kroz koji se gleda kroz prorez)
Phenakisticope (kolut oslikan nizom slika u pokretu)


- 1872. Muybridge snima s 12 fotoaparata konja u trku – tvorac
kronofotografije
- 1886. George Estman («Kodak») vrpca – čvrsta elastična celuloidna podloga
(danas: poliester + emulzija Feo2zvuk)
- 1889. Edisonov inženjer Dickson vrpci daje perforacije, 4 sa svake strane i
stvaraju standard 35 mm s formatom 1.33:1, 24 sličice u sekundi
> istovremeno stvaraju kinetoskop (prvo «kino», kutija s okulorom)
> prvi studio za snimanje «Crna Marija»
- 1.11.1895. projekcija Maxa Skladanowskog s njegovim uređajem
bioskopom u Berlinu
- 28.12.1895. August i Louis Lumiere Cafe Grand, Pariz
- 1927. zvučni film «Pjevač jazza»
- 1935 film u boji
- trajanje 120 min filma = 3283 m vrpce

Hrvatska
- 8.10.1896. prva projekcija dvorana Kola u zgradi Hrvatskog Sokola («živuće fotografij»)
- 1903. snimak šibenske luke
- 1906. prvo kino- Pathe (uskoro Union)


2. OSNOVE VIDEOSTVARALAŠTVA (izražajna sredstva/osnove režije)

KADAR - jedna neprekinuta filmska snimka (za gledatelja), jedan neprekinut
rad kamere (za snimatelja)

> parametri kadra <
s obzirom na stanje kamere: statičan – dinamičan
s obzirom na pronicanje dubine: dubinski – plošni (predočuje se samo jedna
ploha, jedna udaljenost od kamere)
s obzirom na promatrača: objektivni – subjektivni – autorski(redateljski)

> kompozicija kadra <
- horizontalna(kadrom dominira horiz. linija: zid, drvored..)
- vertikalna (pr. visok izdvojen čovjek, jablan, dimnjak)
– dijagonalna (presijeca kadar)
– geometrijski lik

> duljina kadra, trajanje <
dugi, kratki (?) >>>> dugometražni filmovi s jednim kadrom + festival


PREOBRAZBA POKRETA
- ubrzani pokret (usporeno snimanje >> pr. 16 kvadrata u sekundi)
> negacija fiz. mogućnosti
> stvaranje osjećaja ugode (komedije)
> dokumentarci – pupanje cvijeća
- usporeno kretanje
> osjećaj nelagode
> monumentalnost – pr. vodopad
- obrtanje pokreta (unatrag!)
- zaustavljeni pokret

OKVIR
- prostorna konstanta
-omeđenost: slika/fotografija/film
omjeri > 4:3, 16:9

OBJEKTIV
- objektive razlikujemo prema vidnom kutu, a oni ovise o žarišnoj duljini objektiva

srednji(normalni) žarišna duljina 20 mm
širokokutni 18-20 mm - postiže se dubinska oštrina
uskokutni(teleobjektiv) >50 mm - usredotočenost na jedan objekt (približava objekt:zvijeri!)
zoom

PLAN – udaljenost snimanog objekta od kamere; >> NACRTATI ČOVJEKA ! <<
vrste planova i njihova uloga (mjerilo: prirodna veličina čovjeka); kratice



>vrste planova<

DETALJ – istrgnuti isječak stvarnosti; dočarava bitno, presudno,
sudbonosno npr. oko; (D)

KRUPNI PLAN – naglašava psihološku važnost snimanog, npr. lice (KP)

BLIZU – izražava velika uzbuđenja, vidimo poprsje ili čovjeka do pojasa (B)

SREDNJI PLAN – najbliži čovjekovom viđenju svijeta, posjeduje svojstvo
dokumentarnosti, prikazuje čovjeka do koljena ili u cijelosti (SP)

POLUTOTAL – omogućava uvid u veličinu i izgled prostora, prikazuje mjesto
radnje (PT)

TOTAL(opći plan) – na početku filma upoznaje nas s mjestom radnje, tijekom
filma ukazuje na psihološko stanje čovjeka, njegovu malešnost, na kraju
filma donosi redateljev komentar (T)


KUT SNIMANJA (rakurs)

HORIZONTALNI KUT- crta obzora je visini pogleda, opisuje zamišljeni krug
oko mjesta snimanja u horizontalnoj ravnini, dočarava prirodnost prizora
(HK)

GORNJI KUT- crta obzora je ispod sredine kadra, predočava
nemoć(inferiornost) snimanog objekta koji se doima malenim (GK)

DONJI KUT – crta obzora je iznad sredine kadra, predočava nadmoć
(superiornost) snimanog objekta (DK)

EKSTREMNI GORNJI ili DONJI KUT – služi redatelju za izražavanje vlastitog
komentara (EGK)/(EDK)

KOSI KADAR ili NAGNUTA KAMERA – odmicanjem od vertikale kadra
predočava se nelagodno ili neuravnoteženo stanje lika (KK)


STANJE KAMERE
> statično
> dinamično
PANORAMA – kamera pričvršćena o tlo (švenk/tilt)
VOŽNJA – naprijed, natrag, usporedna, vertikalna, kranska, kružna
IZ RUKE - steadycam





POKRIVENOST (eng. COVERAGE)

MASTER- kontinuirani snimak cijele scene; ples između glumca i kamere
INTEGRAL – raskadrirana snimka scene
NAIZMJENIČNI UGAONI SNIMAK – npr. snimak pri dijalogu; paziti da pri
naizmjeničnom snimanju budu jednaki: kutevi, objektiv, okvir, udaljenost i pokret



NAČELO TROUGLA:
SUBJEKTIVNA NAIZMJENIČNA POZICIJA KAMERE


PARALELNA POZICIJA KAMERE

EKSTERNA NAIZMJENIČNA POZICIJA KAMERE



KONTINUITET


IMAGINARNA LINIJA- linija između dva lika

- prelaženje imaginarne linije
- imaginarna linija * 3 lika


REZ
- pozicija kamere (ulazak jednog lika u kuću, na vratima ga dočeka drugi)
- kretanje subjekta (ulazak lika u kamion)
- dijalog

FILMSKE INTERPUNKCIJE
- fade out (pretapanje u crno)
- fade in (pretapanje iz crnog u sliku)
- white out (pretapanje u bijelo)
- cutting to black ( rez u crno)
- color fades
- pretapanje

KOMPOZICIJA
- svjetlo
- boja
- kut kamere
- kretanje kamere
- smještaj objekta/lika

>> krupni plan (paziti na sredinu, rezanje glave,
>> total smještaj objekata u kadru)



SLIKOVNE ODLIKE FILMA /OSVJETLJENJE
- toniranje (kupanje u boji)
- tintiranje (ručno bojanje svake sličice)

- 1935 film u boji «Becky Sharp»
- c/b film standard do 1952., od 1968. boja standard
>>> c/b: Scorsese: Razjareni bik (1980), Spilberg: Schindlerova lista (1993),
Jarmusch: Mrtav čovjek (1996), Rušinović: Mondo Bobo

- upotreba boje: zeleno u «Vrtoglavici/Vertigo» Hitchcocka

- primjena svjetla u filmu (stvaranje atmosfere): umjetno/prirodno
>> osvjetljavanje lica kao primjer
- zašto su reflektori na snimanju usred dana ?
- DOGMA snimanje sa zatečenim svjetlom

SCENOGRAFIJA, KOSTIMI, MASKA, GLUMA
- svojstveno kazalištu
- obratiti pažnju na temeljne razlike između teatra i filma:
jakost glasa
nužnost prostora (filmska scena mora biti krajnje uvjerljiva)
dijete u filmu može jedino biti dijete !


ZVUK
šum – govor - glazba
(svi zvukovi) (vidljivi-nevidljivi izvor)
(imitatorska – ilustrativna - autonomna)

FILMSKE/MONTAŽNE SPONE

MONTAŽA
- omogućava da se različita mjesta i različita vremena spoje u jedan
vremenski niz koji se gledatelju predočuje u projekciji
- zatamnjenje, odtamnjenje, pretapanje, zastor, rez
>> najbolja montaža: ona koju ne primjećujemo
- trik: većina u kameri >>> Meliese – autobus u mrtvačka kola


3. OSNOVE VIDEOTEHNIKE i PODJELA RADA

OSNOVNI PRIBOR:
- kamkorder (kamera: VHS, SVHS, DV, Mini DV, Digital 8)
- baterija, rezervna
- punjač baterija i strujni ispravljač
- stativ
- reflektor sa stalkom
- dodatni mikrofon i produžni mikrofonski kabel
- kablovi i adapteri za povezivanje kamkordera s kućnim videom, računalom
i televizorom

GLAVNI DIJELOVI KAMKORDERA:

- kućište
- kamera
- magnetoskop
- kontrolni uređaj (nadzor nad slikom, posebni efekti, rad magnetoskopa,
snimanje tona, napajanje energijom)
- komunikacijski dio (ulaz, izlaz)
- tražilo
- objektiv
- mikrofon
OSNOVNE FUNKCIJE (VIDEO)KAMERE NA KOJE TREBA PRVO OBRATITI POZORNOST:
- kadriranje, izbor motiva koje želimo snimiti, obavlja se kroz tražilo
- izbor vidnog kuta- širina vidnog kuta snimanja mijenja se posebnim
objektivom (zoomom)
- postavljanje oštrine (izoštravanje) ; postupak kojim se postiže oštrina
snimanog motiva (obzirom na njegovu udaljenost)
- osvjetljavanje ili postavljanje određenog otvora objektiva (otvora blende) –
služi za određivanje svjetloće slike
- ugađanje bijelog- prilagođavanje kamere vrsti svjetla pri kome se snima

><
- potražit komande za svaku od funkcija
- automatske i ručne komande

TRAŽILO I KADRIRANJE

- kadriranjem se bira ono što se želi snimiti
- željeni motiv treba obuhvatit – uz pomoć tražila; gleda se kroz okular
- u tražilu vidimo sliku koju snimamo (ako je u tražilu slika neoštra, bit će i snimljena neoštra), u njemu vidimo «što stane u sliku», dakle izrez i kompoziciju, zatim oštrinu slike, a u neki tražilima i boju
- brojčane i slovne oznake u tražilu:
>>>
stanje snimanje ili nesnimanja
greška i zastoj u snimanju
količina snimljenog materijala i količina raspoložive vrpce
podatak o datumu i vremenu
pokazatelj snimanja zvuka
podešenost kamere za snimanje dnevnim ili umjetnim svjetlom
povećanje osjetljivosti
podsjetnik na izbor na ranije snimateljeve odluke(oštrina, balans, osvjetljenje..), te na raspoložive kapacitete (baterija, vrpca)

IZBOR VIDNOG KUTA (ZOOM)

- vidni kut govori o tome kako široko naša kamera trenutno «vidi»- široko
pokušavajući obuhvatiti cijeli prizor pred sobom ili izdvajajući neki manji
dio prizora povećavajući ga i prividno mu prilazeći
- kamere su opremljene zoomom , posebnim objektivom kojim se vidni kut
može mijenjati kontinuirano, od širokog do uskog i obrnuto
- oprezna primjena zoom u jednom kadru

IZOŠTRAVANJE (POSTAVLJANJE OŠTRINE/FOKUSIRANJE)
- postupak kojim se slika motiva dovodi u ravninu žarišta objektiva, čime se
omogućava oštro prikazivanje motiva
- treba odlučit što je u slici važno, pa prema tome postaviti oštrinu

EKSPOZICIJA ILI OSVJETLJENJE SLIKE
- slika je pravilno osvijetljena kada su glavni motivi u slici dobro svjetlosno
prikazani i kada je cijela slika uravnotežena – ni pretamna, ni presvijetla
- jedno od glavnih mjerila kvalitete osvjetljenja je i reprodukcija tena, od.
prikazivanje tona i boje ljudskog lica i kože

UGAĐANJE BIJELOG
- da bi boje na snimci bile pravilno prikazane treba osjetljivost kamere
prilagoditi boji svjetla pri kome snimamo; taj se postupak zove ugađanje bijelog (white
balance, WB)

SNIMANJE TONA
- kod videosnimanja se na jednu vrpcu snimaju i slika i ton
- najvažnije je prići dovoljno blizu tonski važnom motivu, te usmjeriti mikrofon u tom smjeru

KOMPOZICIJA SLIKE
- napunit kadar «bitnim»
- kompozicija je dobra kada je motiv u slici tako dobro smješten da oko
promatrača bez napora do njega dolazi, i samo po njemu klizi
- nezgrapno izgledaju snimke u kojima je motiv smješten po sredini kadra
- pomoći si mrežom, podjelom kadra na 9 kvadrata
- izbjegavati plošne snimke

FILMSKA EKIPA
> odjel organizacije: producent, organizator snimanja (izvršni producent), vođa snimanja
> odjel režije: režiser, pomoćnik (asistent) režisera, tajnica
> odjel kamere: direktor fotografije, snimatelj, asistent kamere (šarfer, klaper…)
> odjel scene: scenograf, kostimograf, šminker, slikar maske, arhitekt, rekviziter,
garderobijer, scenski radnici, osvjetljivači
> odjel zvuka: snimatelj zvuka, mikroman
> odjel postprodukcije: montažer, mixer zvuka, stručnjak za specijalne efekte

4. TEMELJI DRAMSKE STRUKTURE/SCENARIJ/KNJIGA SNIMANJA

- najkreativniji i najbitniji dio filma nije režija nego scenarij !!!!!!!!!!

SINOPSIS – tekst u kojem se vrlo sažeto izlaže, često u obliku pripovijetke
osnovna radnja (siže) zamišljenog filma, služi kao predložak za rad na scenariju

SCENARIJ – tekst na kojem se zasniva filmski projekt, detaljan opis
cjelokupnog sadržaja filma, svih radnji, dijaloga, ponašanja likova, mjesta i
vremena zbivanja

KNJIGA SNIMANJA – zapis u kojem je scenarij razrađen u onom obliku na
temelju kojeg se pristupa snimanju filma, podijeljen na scene i kadrove
označene rednim brojem uz bilješke o planovima i kutovima snimanja

METODE FILMSKOG DOKUMENTARIZMA
- metoda skrivene kamere
- anketna metoda
- metoda tzv. prijateljske kamere

PRAKTIČNI RAD

1. Od ideje do knjige snimanja
2. Snimanje igranog od. dokumentarnog filma
3. Obrada snimljenog materijala
4. Projekcija i analiza snimljenih kadrova


Formalni sastojci za mogući uspješni film:
- ideja ( o čemu ?)
- priča
>>
kronologija
zaplet – kulminacija – rasplet
junak (godine!)
žanr

- 1 stranica scenarija = 1 minuta filma


IDEJA (o čemu je riječ/o čemu se tu radi ?)
- naučiti gledati/promatrati ljude; ljudske probleme, sitnice; ljudske vrline, mane
- sukob
> najbolje su one scene u kojima se dvoje ljudi svađa, a oboje su u pravu
> nikad u scenu ne stavljati dvoje ljudi koji misle isto jer onda nema
pokretača radnje
> nitko ne želi gledati «Grad sretnih ljudi»

HOĆE LI IDEJA IZDRŽATI DO KRAJA ?

- početak, sredina i kraj
- komedija nije zasnovana na samo jednoj šali
- ne može film trajati 10 minuta, a zasnovan je na jednoj dosjetki

VIZUALIZACIJA
- svi sukobi, radnja, govorni dijelovi se moraju vidjeti ( Show don't tell !)


KAKO PRONAĆI IDEJU:
- knjižnica (knjiga, lik ili ideja koja vam se svidjela)
- časopisi i novine ( o obiteljima, svađama, problemima, životnim sudbinama)
- biografije (osoba koja vas fascinira ili opsjeda)
- razgovor/situacija koju ste vodili, čuli, iskusili s prijateljima, obitelji,
strancima
- društvena tema/povijest (droga, alkohol, rat…)
- mašta (željela bih biti…, živjeti u…, da imam milijun…)
- strahovi ( psi, zmije, pauci, sam na svijetu, lažno optužen..)
- što bi bilo kad bi bilo (mama vanzemaljac, lijeni tata tajni agent, ukradena
torba)
- ljubavna priča (nemogućnost ostvarenja
- osveta kao idejni pokretač (osveta lika; osobna osveta zbog nepravde)



>>>> osnovna načela scenarija:
- show, don't tell !
- ne pokazati sve odmah – pobuditi interes
- svaka scena mora dati 1 informaciju
- Čehov: ako u prvom činu na zidu visi
puška, u trećem mora opaliti
- lik postaje ili drugačija ili bolja osoba
- samoubojstvo i ludnica = easy way out !

anegdote o scenarijima:
- Hitchcock: Pogled u dvorište >> primjer vizualizacije
- Billy Wilder kao nosač rasvjete >> režiser tražio rješenje – otuđenost/lift
- trgovac koji prodaje bojlere i žena za zabavu


IGRANI FILM
- razvoj priče kroz zadane situacije i likove:
1) Marko pjeva, Marica negoduje; što čini Marica, a da bi Marko prestao pjevati ?
2) Marišku počne tresti struja, žele joj pomoći > komedija ! > tragedija !



DOKUMENTARNI PRISTUP
snimanje/praćenje:
> 1 lik (prodavač novina, šankerica, portir… )
> 1 događaj (igranje šaha, hranjenje golubova, prelaženje
preko ceste…)
> skrivena kamera

Academy Award statistics: Films receiving 10 or more nominations
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Statistics are valid through the 2005 (78th) Academy Awards, presented on March 05, 2006.
Contents

• 1 14 Nominations
• 2 13 Nominations
• 3 12 Nominations
• 4 11 Nominations
• 5 10 Nominations


14 Nominations
• All About Eve, 20th Century-Fox, 1950 (6 awards)
• Titanic, 20th Century Fox and Paramount, 1997 (11 awards)

13 Nominations
• Gone with the Wind, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1939 (8 awards, plus one Special and one Sci/Tech awards)
• From Here to Eternity, Columbia, 1953 (8 awards)
• Mary Poppins, Buena Vista Distribution Company, 1964 (5 awards)
• Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Warner Bros., 1966 (5 awards)
• Forrest Gump, Paramount, 1994 (6 awards)
• Shakespeare in Love, Miramax, 1998 (7 awards)
• The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, New Line, 2001 (4 awards)
• Chicago, Miramax, 2002 (6 awards)

12 Nominations
• Mrs. Miniver, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1942 (6 awards)
• The Song of Bernadette, 20th Century-Fox, 1943 (4 awards)
• Johnny Belinda, Warner Bros., 1948 (1 award)
• A Streetcar Named Desire, Warner Bros., 1951 (4 awards)
• On the Waterfront, Columbia, 1954 (8 awards)
• Ben-Hur, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1959 (11 awards)
• Becket, Paramount, 1964 (1 award)
• My Fair Lady, Warner Bros., 1964 (8 awards)
• Reds, Paramount, 1981 (3 awards)
• Dances With Wolves, Orion, 1990 (7 awards)
• Schindler's List, Universal, 1993 (7 awards)
• The English Patient, Miramax, 1996 (9 awards)
• Gladiator, DreamWorks and Universal, 2000 (5 awards)

11 Nominations
• Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Columbia, 1939 (1 award)
• Rebecca, United Artists, 1940 (2 awards)
• Sergeant York, Warner Bros., 1941 (2 awards)
• The Pride of the Yankees, RKO Radio, 1942 (1 award)
• Sunset Boulevard, Paramount, 1950 (3 awards)
• Judgment at Nuremberg, United Artists, 1961 (2 awards)
• West Side Story, United Artists, 1961 (10 awards)
• Oliver!, Columbia, 1968 (5 awards, plus 1 Honorary award)
• Chinatown, Paramount, 1974 (1 award)
• The Godfather Part II, Paramount, 1974 (6 awards)
• Julia, 20th Century-Fox, 1977 (3 awards)
• The Turning Point, 20th Century-Fox, 1977 (0 awards)
• Gandhi, Columbia, 1982 (8 awards)
• Terms of Endearment, Paramount, 1983 (5 awards)
• Amadeus, Orion, 1984 (8 awards)
• A Passage to India, Columbia, 1984 (2 awards)
• The Color Purple, Warner Bros., 1985 (0 awards)
• Out of Africa, Universal, 1985 (7 awards)
• Saving Private Ryan, DreamWorks/Paramount, 1998 (5 awards)
• The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, New Line, 2003 (11 awards)
• The Aviator, Miramax, Initial Entertainment Group and Warner Bros., 2004 (5 awards)

10 Nominations
• The Life of Emile Zola, Warner Bros., 1937 (3 awards)
• How Green Was My Valley, 20th Century-Fox, 1941 (5 awards)
• Going My Way, Paramount, 1944 (7 awards)
• Wilson, 20th Century-Fox, 1944 (5 awards)
• Roman Holiday, Paramount, 1953 (3 awards)
• Giant, Warner Bros., 1956 (1 award)
• Sayonara, Warner Bros., 1957 (4 awards)
• The Apartment, United Artists, 1960 (5 awards)
• Lawrence of Arabia, Columbia, 1962 (7 awards)
• Tom Jones, United Artists, 1963 (4 awards)
• Doctor Zhivago, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1965 (5 awards)
• The Sound of Music, 20th Century-Fox, 1965 (5 awards)
• Bonnie and Clyde, Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, 1967 (2 awards)
• Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, Columbia, 1967 (2 awards)
• Anne of the Thousand Days, Universal, 1969 (1 award)
• Airport, Universal, 1970 (1 award)
• Patton, 20th Century-Fox, 1970 (7 awards)
• Cabaret, Allied Artists, 1972 (8 awards)
• The Godfather, Paramount, 1972 (3 awards)
• The Exorcist, Warner Bros., 1973 (2 awards)
• The Sting, Universal, 1973 (7 awards)
• Network, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, 1976 (4 awards)
• Rocky, United Artists, 1976 (3 awards)
• Star Wars, 20th Century-Fox, 1977 (6 awards, plus 1 Special Achievement award)
• On Golden Pond, Universal, 1981 (3 awards)
• Tootsie, Columbia, 1982 (1 award)
• Bugsy, TriStar, 1991 (2 awards)
• Braveheart, Paramount, 1995 (5 awards)
• Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Sony Pictures Classics, 2000 (4 awards)
• Gangs of New York, Miramax, 2002 (0 awards)
• Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, 20th Century Fox, 2003 (2 awards)

11 Oscars
1. Ben-Hur (1959) - from 12 nominations
2. Titanic (1997) - from 14 nominations
3. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) - from 11 nominations

10 Oscars
1. West Side Story (1961) - from 11 nominations

9 Oscars
1. Gigi (1958) - from 9 nominations
2. The Last Emperor (1987) - from 9 nominations
3. The English Patient (1996) - from 12 nominations

8 Oscars
1. Gone with the Wind (1939) - from 13 nominations
2. From Here to Eternity (1953) - from 13 nominations
3. On the Waterfront (1954) - from 12 nominations
4. My Fair Lady (1964) - from 12 nominations
5. Cabaret (1972) - from 10 nominations
6. Gandhi (1982) - from 11 nominations
7. Amadeus (1984) - from 11 nominations
List of films that received Academy Awards for Best Picture, Directing, Actor, Actress and Writing:
• 1934: It Happened One Night
• 1975: One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest
• 1991: The Silence of the Lambs

3 Oscars
1. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) - from 4 nominations
2. Network (1976) - from 5 nominations

2 Oscars
1. It Happened One Night (1934) - from 2 nominations
2. Gone With the Wind (1939) - from 4 nominations
3. Mrs. Miniver (1942) - from 5 nominations
4. Going My Way (1944) - from 3 nominations
5. All the King's Men (1949) - from 3 nominations
6. From Here to Eternity (1953) - from 5 nominations
7. On the Waterfront (1954) - from 5 nominations
8. Sayonara (1957) - from 3 nominations
9. Hud (1963) - from 3 nominations
10. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966) - from 4 nominations
11. The Last Picture Show (1971) - from 4 nominations
12. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) - from 3 nominations
13. Julia (1977) - from 4 nominations
14. Coming Home (1978) - from 4 nominations
15. Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) - from 4 nominations
16. On Golden Pond (1981) - from 3 nominations
17. Terms of Endearment (1983) - from 4 nominations
18. Moonstruck (1987) - from 3 nominations
19. The Silence of the Lambs (1991) - from 2 nominations
20. As Good As It Gets (1997) - from 3 nominations
21. Shakespeare In Love (1998) - from 3 nominations
22. Mystic River (2003) - from 3 nominations
23. Million Dollar Baby (2004) - from 3 nominations
13 Nominations
• Meryl Streep (2 wins)
o The Deer Hunter (1978, supp.), Kramer Vs. Kramer (1979, supp.), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981, lead), Sophie's Choice (1982, lead), Silkwood (1983, lead), Out of Africa (1985, lead), Ironweed (1987, lead), A Cry in the Dark (1988, lead), Postcards from the Edge (1990, lead), The Bridges of Madison County (1995, lead), One True Thing (1998, lead), Music of the Heart (1999, lead), Adaptation. (2002, supp.).

12 Nominations
• Katharine Hepburn (4 wins)
o Morning Glory (1933, lead), Alice Adams (1935, lead), The Philadelphia Story (1940, lead), Woman of the Year (1942, lead), The African Queen (1951, lead), Summertime (1955, lead), The Rainmaker (1956, lead), Suddenly, Last Summer (1959, lead), Long Day's Journey Into Night (1962, lead), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? (1967, lead), The Lion in Winter (1968, lead)-(Tied with Barbra Streisand for Funny Girl), On Golden Pond (1981, lead).
• Jack Nicholson (3 wins)
o Easy Rider (1969, supp.), Five Easy Pieces (1970, lead), The Last Detail (1973, lead), Chinatown (1974, lead), One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975, lead), Reds (1981, supp.), Terms of Endearment (1983, supp.), Prizzi's Honor (1985, lead), Ironweed (1987, lead), A Few Good Men (1992, supp.), As Good As It Gets (1997, lead), About Schmidt (2002, lead).

10 Nominations
• Bette Davis (2 wins)
o Of Human Bondage (1934, lead), Dangerous (1935, lead), Jezebel (1938, lead), Dark Victory (1939, lead), The Letter (1940, lead), The Little Foxes (1941, lead), Now, Voyager (1942, lead), Mr. Skeffington (1944, lead), All About Eve (1950, lead), The Star (1952, lead), What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962, lead).
• Laurence Olivier (1 win)
o Wuthering Heights (1939, lead), Rebecca (1940, lead), Henry V (1946, lead), Hamlet (1948, lead), Richard III (1956, lead), The Entertainer (1960, lead), Othello (1965, lead), Sleuth (1972, lead), Marathon Man (1976, supp.), The Boys from Brazil (1978, lead).

9 Nominations
• Paul Newman (1 win)
o Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958, lead), The Hustler (1961, lead), Hud (1963, lead), Cool Hand Luke (1967, lead), Absence of Malice (1981, lead), The Verdict (1982, lead), The Color of Money (1986, lead), Nobody's Fool (1994, lead), Road to Perdition (2002, supp.).
• Spencer Tracy (2 wins)
o San Francisco (1936, lead), Captains Courageous (1937, lead), Boys Town (1938, lead), Father of the Bride (1950, lead), Bad Day at Black Rock (1955, lead), The Old Man and the Sea (1958, lead), Inherit the Wind (1960, lead), Judgment at Nuremberg (1961, lead), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? (1967, lead).

8 Nominations
• Marlon Brando (2 wins)
o A Streetcar Named Desire (1951, lead), Viva Zapata! (1952, lead), Julius Caesar (1953, lead), On the Waterfront (1954, lead), Sayonara (1957, lead), The Godfather (1972, lead)-(Refused), Last Tango in Paris (1973, lead), A Dry White Season (1989, supp.).
• Jack Lemmon (2 wins)
o Mister Roberts (1955, supp.), Some Like It Hot (1959, lead), The Apartment (1960, lead), Days of Wine and Roses (1962, lead), Save the Tiger (1973, lead), The China Syndrome (1979, lead), Tribute (1980, lead), Missing (1982, lead).
• Al Pacino (1 win)
o The Godfather (1972, supp.), Serpico (1973, lead), The Godfather Part II (1974, lead), Dog Day Afternoon (1975, lead), ...And Justice for All (1979, lead), Dick Tracy (1990, supp.), Scent of a Woman (1992, lead), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992, supp.).
• Geraldine Page (1 win)
o Hondo (1953, supp.), Summer and Smoke (1961, lead), Sweet Bird of Youth (1962, lead), You're a Big Boy Now (1966, supp.), Pete 'n' Tillie (1972, supp.), Interiors (1978, lead), The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984, supp.), The Trip to Bountiful (1985, lead).

7 Nominations
• Ingrid Bergman (3 wins)
o For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943, lead), Gaslight (1944, lead), The Bells of St. Mary's (1945, lead), Joan of Arc (1948, lead), Anastasia (1956, lead), Murder on the Orient Express (1974, supp.), Autumn Sonata (1978, lead).
• Richard Burton (0 wins)
o My Cousin Rachel (1952, supp.), The Robe (1953, lead), Becket (1964, lead), The Spy Who Came in From the Cold (1965, lead), Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966, lead), Anne of the Thousand Days (1969, lead), Equus (1977, lead).
• Jane Fonda (2 wins)
o They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969, lead), Klute (1971, lead), Julia (1977, lead), Coming Home (1978, lead), The China Syndrome (1979, lead), On Golden Pond (1981, supp.), The Morning After (1986, lead).
• Greer Garson (1 win)
o Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939, lead), Blossoms in the Dust (1941, lead), Mrs. Miniver (1942, lead), Madame Curie (1943, lead), Mrs. Parkington (1944, lead), The Valley of Decision (1945, lead), Sunrise at Campobello (1960, lead).
• Dustin Hoffman (2 wins)
o The Graduate (1967, lead), Midnight Cowboy (1969, lead), Lenny (1974, lead), Kramer Vs. Kramer (1979, lead), Tootsie (1982, lead), Rain Man (1988, lead), Wag the Dog (1997, lead).
• Peter O'Toole (0 wins)
o Lawrence of Arabia (1962, lead), Becket (1964, lead), The Lion in Winter (1968, lead), Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969, lead), The Ruling Class (1972, lead), The Stunt Man (1980, lead), My Favorite Year (1982, lead).

6 Nominations
• Ellen Burstyn (1 win)
o The Last Picture Show (1971, supp.), The Exorcist (1973, lead), Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974, lead), Same Time, Next Year (1978, lead), Resurrection (1980, lead), Requiem for a Dream (2000, lead).
• Michael Caine (2 wins)
o Alfie (1966, lead), Sleuth (1972, lead), Educating Rita (1983, lead), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986, supp.), The Cider House Rules (1999, supp.), The Quiet American (2002, lead).
• Robert De Niro (2 wins)
o The Godfather, Part II (1974, supp.), Taxi Driver (1976, lead), The Deer Hunter (1978, lead), Raging Bull (1980, lead), Awakenings (1990, lead), Cape Fear (1991, lead).
• Robert Duvall (1 win)
o The Godfather (1972, supp.), Apocalypse Now (1979, supp.), The Great Santini (1980, lead), Tender Mercies (1983, lead), The Apostle (1997, lead), A Civil Action (1998, supp.).
• Deborah Kerr (0 wins)
o Edward, My Son (1949, lead), From Here to Eternity (1953, lead), The King and I (1956, lead), Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison (1957, lead), Separate Tables (1958, lead), The Sundowners (1960, lead).
• Jessica Lange (2 wins)
o Frances (1982, lead), Tootsie (1982, supp.), Country (1984, lead), Sweet Dreams (1985, lead), Music Box (1989, lead), Blue Sky (1994, lead).
• Vanessa Redgrave (1 win)
o Morgan! (1966, lead), Isadora (1968, lead), Mary, Queen of Scots (1971, lead), Julia (1977, supp.), The Bostonians (1984, lead), Howard's End (1992, supp.).
• Thelma Ritter (0 wins)
o All About Eve (1950, supp.), The Mating Season (1951, supp.), With a Song in My Heart (1952, supp.), Pickup on South Street (1953, supp.), Pillow Talk (1959, supp.), Birdman of Alcatraz (1962, supp.).
• Maggie Smith (2 wins)
o Othello (1965, supp.), The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969, lead), Travels with My Aunt (1972, lead), California Suite (1978, supp.), A Room with a View (1986, supp.), Gosford Park (2001, supp.).
• Sissy Spacek (1 win)
o Carrie (1976, lead), Coal Miner's Daughter (1980, lead), Missing (1982, lead), The River (1984, lead), Crimes of the Heart (1986, lead), In the Bedroom (2001, lead).

5 Nominations
• Anne Bancroft (1 win)
o The Miracle Worker (1962, lead), The Pumpkin Eater (1964, lead), The Graduate (1967, lead), The Turning Point (1977, lead), Agnes of God (1985, lead).
• Glenn Close (0 wins)
o The World According to Garp (1982, supp.), The Big Chill (1983, supp.), The Natural (1984, supp.), Fatal Attraction (1987, lead), Dangerous Liaisons (1988, lead).
• Gary Cooper (2 wins)
o Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936, lead), Sergeant York (1941, lead), The Pride of the Yankees (1942, lead), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943, lead), High Noon (1952, lead).
• Olivia de Havilland (2 wins)
o Gone With the Wind (1939, supp.), Hold Back the Dawn (1941, lead), To Each His Own (1946, lead), The Snake Pit (1948, lead), The Heiress (1949, lead).
• Judi Dench (1 win)
o Mrs. Brown (1997, lead), Shakespeare in Love (1998, supp.), Chocolat (2000, supp.), Iris (2001, lead), Mrs. Henderson Presents (2005, lead).
• Irene Dunne (0 wins)
o Cimarron (1931, lead), Theodora Goes Wild (1936, lead), The Awful Truth (1937, lead), Love Affair (1939, lead), I Remember Mama (1948, lead).
• Albert Finney (0 wins)
o Tom Jones (1963, lead), Murder on the Orient Express (1974, lead), The Dresser (1983, lead), Under the Volcano (1984, lead), Erin Brockovich (2000, supp.).
• Gene Hackman (2 wins)
o Bonnie and Clyde (1967, supp.), I Never Sang for My Father (1970, supp.), The French Connection (1971, lead), Mississippi Burning (1988, lead), Unforgiven (1992, supp.).
• Tom Hanks (2 wins)
o Big (1988, lead), Philadelphia (1993, lead), Forrest Gump (1994, lead), Saving Private Ryan (1998, lead), Cast Away (2000, lead).
• Susan Hayward (1 win)
o Smash-Up: The Story of a Woman (1947, lead), My Foolish Heart (1949, lead), With a Song in My Heart (1952, lead), I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955, lead), I Want to Live! (1958, lead).
• Audrey Hepburn (1 win)
o Roman Holiday (1953, lead), Sabrina (1954, lead), The Nun's Story (1959, lead), Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961, lead), Wait Until Dark (1967, lead).
• Jennifer Jones (1 win)
o The Song of Bernadette (1943, lead), Since You Went Away (1944, supp.), Love Letters (1945, lead), Duel in the Sun (1946, lead), Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955, lead).
• Arthur Kennedy (0 wins)
o Champion (1949, supp.), Bright Victory (1951, supp.), Trial (1955, supp.), Peyton Place (1957, supp.), Some Came Running (1958, supp.).
• Shirley MacLaine (1 win)
o Some Came Running (1958, lead), The Apartment (1960, lead), Irma La Douce (1963, lead), The Turning Point (1977, lead), Terms of Endearment (1983, lead).
• Fredric March (2 wins)
o The Royal Family of Broadway (1930, lead), Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931, lead)-(Tied with Wallace Beery for The Champ), A Star Is Born (1937, lead), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946, lead), Death of a Salesman (1951, lead).
• Gregory Peck (1 win)
o The Keys of the Kingdom (1945, lead), The Yearling (1946, lead), Gentleman's Agreement (1947, lead), Twelve O'Clock High (1949, lead), To Kill a Mockingbird (1962, lead).
• Susan Sarandon (1 win)
o Atlantic City (1981, lead), Thelma & Louise (1991, lead), Lorenzo's Oil (1992, lead), The Client (1994, lead), Dead Man Walking (1995, lead).
• Norma Shearer (1 win)
o The Divorcee and Their Own Desire (both 1929, lead)-Won for The Divorcee, A Free Soul (1930, lead), The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934, lead), Romeo and Juliet (1936, lead), Marie Antoinette (1938, lead).
• James Stewart (1 win)
o Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939, lead), The Philadelphia Story (1940, lead), It's a Wonderful Life (1946, lead), Harvey (1950, lead), Anatomy of a Murder (1959, lead).
• Elizabeth Taylor (2 wins)
o Raintree County (1957, lead), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958, lead), Suddenly, Last Summer (1959, lead), Butterfield 8 (1960, lead), Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966, lead).
• Denzel Washington (2 wins)
o Cry Freedom (1987, supp.), Glory (1989, supp.), Malcolm X (1992, lead), The Hurricane (1999, lead), Training Day (2001, lead).
List of the actors that received two or more Academy Awards for their acting roles (leading or supporting):
4 awards
• Katharine Hepburn [4] (from 12 nominations)
3 awards
• Ingrid Bergman [3] (from 7 nominations)
• Walter Brennan [3] (from 4 nominations)
• Jack Nicholson [3] (from 12 nominations)
2 awards
• Marlon Brando [2] (from 8 nominations)
• Michael Caine [2] (from 6 nominations)
• Gary Cooper [2] (from 5 nominations)
• Bette Davis [2] (from 10 nominations)
• Olivia de Havilland [2] (from 5 nominations)
• Robert de Niro [2] (from 6 nominations)
• Melvyn Douglas [2] (from 3 nominations)
• Sally Field [2] (from 2 nominations)
• Jane Fonda [2] (from 7 nominations)
• Jodie Foster [2] (from 4 nominations)
• Gene Hackman [2] (from 5 nominations)
• Tom Hanks [2] (from 5 nominations)
• Helen Hayes [2] (from 2 nominations)
• Dustin Hoffman [2] (from 7 nominations)
• Glenda Jackson [2] (from 4 nominations)
• Jack Lemmon [2] (from 8 nominations)
• Vivien Leigh [2] (from 2 nominations)
• Jessica Lange [2] (from 6 nominations)
• Fredric March [2] (from 5 nominations)
• Anthony Quinn [2] (from 4 nominations)
• Luise Rainer [2] (from 2 nominations)
• Jason Robards [2] (from 3 nominations)
• Maggie Smith [2] (from 6 nominations)
• Kevin Spacey [2] (from 2 nominations)
• Meryl Streep [2] (from 13 nominations)
• Hilary Swank [2] (from 2 nominations)
• Elizabeth Taylor [2] (from 5 nominations)
• Spencer Tracy [2] (from 9 nominations)
• Peter Ustinov [2] (from 4 nominations)
• Denzel Washington [2] (from 5 nominations)
• Dianne Wiest [2] (from 3 nominations)
• Shelley Winters [2] (from 4 nominations)
Actors Who received both Leading and Supporting Awards:
• Ingrid Bergman [3] (2 leading, 1 supporting)
• Robert de Niro [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
• Gene Hackman [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
• Helen Hayes [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
• Jack Lemmon [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
• Jessica Lange [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
• Jack Nicholson [3] (2 leading, 1 supporting)
• Maggie Smith [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
• Kevin Spacey [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
• Meryl Streep [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
• Denzel Washington [2] (1 leading, 1 supporting)
12 Nominations
• William Wyler
o Dodsworth, 1936
o Wuthering Heights, 1939
o The Letter, 1940
o The Little Foxes, 1941
o Mrs. Miniver, 1942
o The Best Years of Our Lives, 1946
o The Heiress, 1949
o Detective Story, 1951
o Roman Holiday, 1953
o Friendly Persuasion, 1956
o Ben-Hur, 1959
o The Collector, 1965
8 Nominations
• Billy Wilder
o Double Indemnity, 1944
o The Lost Weekend, 1945
o Sunset Blvd., 1951
o Stalag 17, 1953
o Sabrina, 1954
o Witness for the Prosecution, 1957
o Some Like it Hot, 1959
o The Apartment, 1960
7 Nominations
• Sir David Lean
o Brief Encounter, 1945
o Great Expectations, 1946
o Summertime, 1955
o The Bridge on the River Kwai, 1957
o Lawrence of Arabia, 1962
o Doctor Zhivago, 1965
o A Passage to India, 1984
• Fred Zinnemann
o The Search, 1949
o High Noon, 1952
o From Here to Eternity, 1953
o The Nun's Story, 1959
o The Sundowners, 1960
o A Man for All Seasons, 1966

o Julia, 1977

6 Nominations
• Woody Allen
o Annie Hall, 1977
o Interiors, 1978
o Broadway Danny Rose, 1984
o Hannah and Her Sisters, 1986
o Crimes and Misdemeanors, 1989
o Bullets Over Broadway, 1994
• Frank Capra
o Lady for a Day, 1932/33
o It Happened One Night, 1934
o Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, 1936
o You Can't Take It with You, 1938
o Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, 1939
o It's a Wonderful Life, 1946
• Steven Spielberg
o Close Encounters of the Third Kind, 1977
o Raiders of the Lost Ark, 1981
o E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, 1982
o Schindler's List, 1993
o Saving Private Ryan, 1998
o Munich, 2006
5 Nominations
• Robert Altman
o M*A*S*H, 1970
o Nashville, 1975
o The Player, 1992
o Short Cuts, 1993
o Gosford Park, 2001
• Clarence Brown
o Anna Christie and Romance, 1929
o A Free Soul, 1930
o The Human Comedy, 1943
o National Velvet, 1945
o The Yearling, 1946
• George Cukor
o Little Women, 1933
o The Philadelphia Story, 1940
o A Double Life, 1947
o Born Yesterday, 1950
o My Fair Lady, 1964
• John Ford
o The Informer, 1935
o Stagecoach, 1939
o The Grapes of Wrath, 1940
o How Green Was My Valley, 1941
o The Quiet Man, 1952
• Alfred Hitchcock
o Rebecca, 1940
o Lifeboat, 1944
o Spellbound, 1945
o Rear Window, 1954
o Psycho, 1960
• John Huston
o The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, 1948
o The Asphalt Jungle, 1950
o The African Queen, 1951
o Moulin Rouge, 1952
o Prizzi's Honor, 1985
• Elia Kazan
o Gentleman's Agreement, 1947 (won)
o A Streetcar Named Desire, 1951
o On the Waterfront, 1954
o East of Eden, 1955
o America, America, 1963
• Frank Lloyd
o The Divine Lady, 1928/29
o Weary River, 1928/29 (No official nominations were announced this year)
o Drag, 1928/29(No official nominations were announced this year)
o Cavalcade, 1932/33
o Mutiny on the Bounty, 1935
• Martin Scorsese
o Raging Bull, 1980
o The Last Temptation of Christ, 1988
o Goodfellas, 1990
o Gangs of New York, 2002
o The Aviator, 2004
• George Stevens
o The More the Merrier, 1943
o A Place in the Sun, 1951
o Shane, 1953
o Giant, 1956
o The Diary of Anne Frank, 1959
• King Vidor
o The Crowd, 1928
o Hallelujah!, 1929
o The Champ, 1931
o The Citadel, 1938
o War and Peace, 1956
4 Nominations
• Francis Ford Coppola
o The Godfather, 1972
o The Godfather Part II, 1974
o Apocalypse Now, 1979
o The Godfather: Part III, 1990
• Michael Curtiz
o Angels with Dirty Faces, 1938
o Four Daughters, 1938
o Yankee Doodle Dandy, 1942
o Casablanca, 1943
• Federico Fellini
o La Dolce Vita, 1961
o 8 1/2, 1963
o Satyricon, 1970
o Amarcord, 1975
• Stanley Kubrick
o Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, 1964
o 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968
o A Clockwork Orange, 1971
o Barry Lyndon, 1975
• Sidney Lumet
o Twelve Angry Men, 1957
o Dog Day Afternoon, 1975
o Network, 1976
o The Verdict, 1982
• Joseph L. Mankiewicz
o A Letter to Three Wives, 1949
o All About Eve, 1950
o 5 Fingers, 1952
o Sleuth, 1972
• Mike Nichols
o Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, 1966
o The Graduate, 1967
o Silkwood, 1983
o Working Girl, 1988
• Peter Weir
o Witness, 1985
o Dead Poets Society, 1989
o The Truman Show, 1998
o Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, 2003
3 Nominations
• Ingmar Bergman
o Cries and Whispers, 1972
o Face to Face, 1976
o Fanny and Alexander, 1984
• Richard Brooks
o Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, 1958
o The Professionals, 1966
o In Cold Blood, 1967
• Clint Eastwood
o Unforgiven, 1992
o Mystic River, 2003
o Million Dollar Baby, 2005
• Milos Forman
o One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, 1975
o Amadeus, 1984
o The People Vs. Larry Flynt, 1996
• Bob Fosse
o Cabaret, 1972
o Lenny, 1974
o All That Jazz, 1979
• James Ivory
o A Room With a View, 1986
o Howard's End, 1992
o The Remains of the Day, 1993
• Norman Jewison
o In the Heat of the Night, 1967
o Fiddler on the Roof, 1971
o Moonstruck, 1987
• Stanley Kramer
o The Defiant Ones, 1958
o Judgment at Nuremberg, 1961
o Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?, 1967
• David Lynch
o The Elephant Man, 1980
o Blue Velvet, 1986
o Mulholland Drive, 2001
• Leo McCarey
o The Awful Truth, 1937
o Going My Way, 1944
o The Bells of St. Mary's, 1945
• Lewis Milestone
o Two Arabian Knights, 1928
o All Quiet on the Western Front, 1930
o The Front Page, 1931
• Arthur Penn
o The Miracle Worker, 1962
o Bonnie and Clyde, 1967
o Alice's Restaurant, 1969
• Roman Polanski
o Chinatown, 1974
o Tess, 1980
o The Pianist, 2002
• Sydney Pollack
o They Shoot Horses, Don't They, 1969
o Tootsie, 1982
o Out of Africa, 1985
• Sir Carol Reed
o The Fallen Idol, 1949
o The Third Man, 1950
o Oliver!, 1968
• John Schlesinger
o Darling, 1965
o Midnight Cowboy, 1969
o Sunday Bloody Sunday, 1971
• Ridley Scott
o Thelma and Louise, 1991
o Gladiator, 2000
o Black Hawk Down, 2001
• Oliver Stone
o Platoon, 1986
o Born on the Fourth of July, 1989
o JFK, 1991
• William A. Wellman
o A Star Is Born, 1937
o Battleground, 1949
o The High and Mighty, 1954
• Robert Wise
o I Want to Live!, 1958
o West Side Story, 1961 (Shared with Jerome Robbins)
o The Sound of Music, 1965
• Sam Wood
o Goodbye, Mr. Chips, 1939
o Kitty Foyle, 1940
o Kings Row, 1942
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_statistics:_Directors_receiving_3_or_more_nominations"
List of the people that received five or more Academy Awards for all categories:
26 awards
• Walt Disney
11 awards
• Cedric Gibbons
• Iain Neil
10 awards
• Farciot Edouart
9 awards
• Dennis Muren
• Alfred Newman
• Douglas Shearer
8 awards
• Edith Head
• Alan Menken
• Edward H. Reichard
• Loren L. Ryder
• Edwin B. Willis
7 awards
• Richard Day
• Richard Edlund
• Gordon Hollingshead
• Fred Quimby
• Gary Rydstrom
• Billy Wilder
6 awards
• Rick Baker
• Carl Hauge
• Fred Hynes
• Thomas Little
• Manfred G. Michelson
• Glen Robinson
• Walter M. Scott
5 awards
• John Barry
• Glenn M. Berggren
• Daniel J. Bloomberg
• Francis Ford Coppola
• Charles R. Daily
• David J. Degenkolb
• Edmund M. Di Giulio
• Clint Eastwood
• Ray Feeney
• Johnny Green
• Bob Hope
• Gordon Jennings
• Takuo Miyagishima
• Colin F. Mossman
• Wadsworth E. Pohl
• Ken Ralston
• Edward Selzer
• Irene Sharaff
• Richard Taylor
• Petro Vlahos
• Lyle Wheeler
• John Williams
• Robert Wise
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_statistics:_People_receiving_5_or_more_awards"
Academy Award for Directing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Academy Award for Directing is an accolade given to the person that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences feels was best director of the past year. The expression of approval is given, along with an Oscar Statuette and a chance for the director to speak, at an annual Academy Awards ceremony. All but twenty-one of the seventy-eight Oscars for best director were for films that also won the award for best picture. The Academy has selected one director from five nominees each year for the past seven decades to receive the honor. For the first few Academy Awards ceremonies, starting in 1927, the ceremony honored the best films released in a year-long period between August of one year and August of the following year.
While the award is considered a good way to sum up the most successful and talented American film directors, several revered directors such as Stanley Kubrick, Orson Welles, and Alfred Hitchcock never won the award. Martin Scorsese and Robert Altman, who have each been nominated for best director five times, are considered to be among the greatest living American directors without Oscars. John Ford is the only director with 4 Best Director Oscars, followed by Frank Capra and William Wyler with 3 Best Director Academy Awards.
Contents

• 1 List of Awards and Nominees
• 2 1920s
• 3 1930s
• 4 1940s
• 5 1950s
• 6 1960s
• 7 1970s
• 8 1980s
• 9 1990s
• 10 2000s
• 11 See also


List of Awards and Nominees
Each Academy Award ceremony is listed chronologically below along with the winner of the Academy Award for Directing and the film associated with the award. Indented and following the winner of each award are the other nominees for best director.

1920s
• 1927/1928 Frank Borzage - Seventh Heaven
o Herbert Brenon - Sorrell and Son
o King Vidor - The Crowd
In the first year only a separate award was given for Comedy Direction
• 1927/1928 Lewis Milestone Two Arabian Knights
o Charles Chaplin - The Circus
o Ted Wilde - Speedy
• 1928/1929 Frank Lloyd - The Divine Lady
o Lionel Barrymore - Madame X
o Harry Beaumont - Broadway Melody
o Irving Cummings - In Old Arizona
o Frank Lloyd - Weary River and Drag
o Ernst Lubitsch - The Patriot
• 1929/1930 Lewis Milestone - All Quiet on the Western Front
o Clarence Brown - Anna Christie
o Clarence Brown - Romance
o Robert Z. Leonard - The Divorcée
o Ernst Lubitsch - The Love Parade
o King Vidor - Hallelujah

1930s
• 1930/1931 Norman Taurog - Skippy
o Clarence Brown - A Free Soul
o Lewis Milestone - The Front Page
o Wesley Ruggles - Cimarron
o Josef von Sternberg - Morocco
• 1931/1932 Frank Borzage - Bad Girl
o King Vidor - The Champ
o Josef von Sternberg - Shanghai Express
• 1932/1933 Frank Lloyd - Cavalcade
o Frank Capra - Lady for a Day
o George Cukor - Little Women
• 1934 Frank Capra - It Happened One Night
o Victor Schertzinger - One Night of Love
o W. S. Van Dyke - The Thin Man
• 1935 John Ford - The Informer
o Henry Hathaway - Lives of a Bengal Lancer
o Frank Lloyd - Mutiny on the Bounty
• 1936 Frank Capra - Mr. Deeds Goes to Town
o Gregory La Cava - My Man Godfrey
o Robert Z. Leonard - The Great Ziegfeld
o W. S. Van Dyke - San Francisco
o William Wyler - Dodsworth
• 1937 Leo McCarey - The Awful Truth
o William Dieterle - The Life of Emile Zola
o Sidney Franklin - The Good Earth
o Gregory La Cava - Stage Door
o William Wellman - A Star Is Born
• 1938 Frank Capra - You Can't Take It with You
o Michael Curtiz - Angels With Dirty Faces
o Michael Curtiz - Four Daughters
o Norman Taurog - Boys Town
o King Vidor - The Citadel
• 1939 Victor Fleming - Gone with the Wind
o Frank Capra - Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
o John Ford - Stagecoach
o Sam Wood - Goodbye, Mr. Chips
o William Wyler - Wuthering Heights

1940s
• 1940 John Ford - The Grapes of Wrath
o George Cukor - The Philadelphia Story
o Alfred Hitchcock - Rebecca
o Sam Wood - Kitty Foyle
o William Wyler - The Letter
• 1941 John Ford - How Green Was My Valley
o Alexander Hall - Here Comes Mr. Jordan
o Howard Hawks - Sergeant York
o Orson Welles - Citizen Kane
o William Wyler - The Little Foxes
• 1942 William Wyler - Mrs. Miniver
o Michael Curtiz - Yankee Doodle Dandy
o John Farrow - Wake Island
o Mervyn LeRoy - Random Harvest
o Sam Wood - Kings Row
• 1943 Michael Curtiz - Casablanca
o Clarence Brown - The Human Comedy
o Henry King - The Song of Bernadette
o Ernst Lubitsch - Heaven Can Wait
o George Stevens - The More the Merrier
• 1944 Leo McCarey - Going My Way
o Alfred Hitchcock - Lifeboat
o Henry King - Wilson
o Otto Preminger - Laura
o Billy Wilder - Double Indemnity
• 1945 Billy Wilder - The Lost Weekend
o Clarence Brown - National Velvet
o Alfred Hitchcock - Spellbound
o Leo McCarey - The Bells of St. Mary's
o Jean Renoir - The Southerner
• 1946 William Wyler - The Best Years of Our Lives
o Clarence Brown - The Yearling
o Frank Capra - It's a Wonderful Life
o David Lean - Brief Encounter
o Robert Siodmak - The Killers
• 1947 Elia Kazan - Gentleman's Agreement
o George Cukor - A Double Life
o Edward Dmytryk - Crossfire
o Henry Koster - The Bishop's Wife
o David Lean - Great Expectations
• 1948 John Huston - Treasure of the Sierra Madre
o Anatole Litvak - The Snake Pit
o Jean Negulesco - Johnny Belinda
o Laurence Olivier - Hamlet
o Fred Zinnemann - The Search
• 1949 Joseph L. Mankiewicz - A Letter to Three Wives
o Carol Reed - The Fallen Idol
o Robert Rossen - All the King's Men
o William A. Wellman - Battleground
o William Wyler - The Heiress

1950s
• 1950 Joseph L. Mankiewicz - All About Eve
o George Cukor - Born Yesterday
o John Huston - The Asphalt Jungle
o Carol Reed - The Third Man
o Billy Wilder - Sunset Boulevard
• 1951 George Stevens - A Place in the Sun
o John Huston - The African Queen
o Elia Kazan - A Streetcar Named Desire
o Vincente Minnelli - An American in Paris
o William Wyler - Detective Story
• 1952 John Ford - The Quiet Man
o Cecil B. DeMille - The Greatest Show on Earth
o John Huston - Moulin Rouge
o Joseph L. Mankiewicz - 5 Fingers
o Fred Zinnemann - High Noon
• 1953 Fred Zinnemann - From Here to Eternity
o George Stevens - Shane
o Charles Walters - Lili
o Billy Wilder - Stalag 17
o William Wyler - Roman Holiday
• 1954 Elia Kazan - On the Waterfront
o Alfred Hitchcock - Rear Window
o George Seaton - The Country Girl
o William Wellman - The High and the Mighty
o Billy Wilder - Sabrina
• 1955 Delbert Mann - Marty
o Elia Kazan - East of Eden
o David Lean - Summertime
o Joshua Logan - Picnic
o John Sturges - Bad Day at Black Rock
• 1956 George Stevens - Giant
o Michael Anderson - Around the World in Eighty Days
o Walter Lang - The King and I
o King Vidor - War and Peace
o William Wyler - Friendly Persuasion
• 1957 David Lean - The Bridge on the River Kwai
o Joshua Logan - Sayonara
o Sidney Lumet - 12 Angry Men
o Mark Robson - Peyton Place
o Billy Wilder - Witness for the Prosecution
• 1958 Vincente Minnelli - Gigi
o Richard Brooks - Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
o Stanley Kramer - The Defiant Ones
o Mark Robson - The Inn of the Sixth Happiness
o Robert Wise - I Want to Live!
• 1959 William Wyler - Ben-Hur
o Jack Clayton - Room at the Top
o George Stevens - The Diary of Anne Frank
o Billy Wilder - Some Like It Hot
o Fred Zinnemann - The Nun's Story

1960s
• 1960 Billy Wilder - The Apartment
o Jack Cardiff - Sons and Lovers
o Jules Dassin - Never on Sunday
o Alfred Hitchcock - Psycho
o Fred Zinnemann - The Sundowners
• 1961 Robert Wise, Jerome Robbins - West Side Story
o Federico Fellini - La Dolce Vita
o Stanley Kramer - Judgment at Nuremberg
o Robert Rossen - The Hustler
o J. Lee Thompson - The Guns of Navarone
• 1962 David Lean - Lawrence of Arabia
o Pietro Germi - Divorce - Italian Style
o Robert Mulligan - To Kill a Mockingbird
o Arthur Penn - The Miracle Worker
o Frank Perry - David and Lisa
• 1963 Tony Richardson - Tom Jones
o Federico Fellini - 8˝
o Elia Kazan - America, America
o Otto Preminger - The Cardinal
o Martin Ritt - Hud
• 1964 George Cukor - My Fair Lady
o Michael Cacoyannis - Zorba the Greek
o Peter Glenville - Becket
o Stanley Kubrick - Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
o Robert Stevenson - Mary Poppins
• 1965 Robert Wise - The Sound of Music
o David Lean - Doctor Zhivago
o John Schlesinger - Darling
o Hiroshi Teshigahara - Woman in the Dunes
o William Wyler - The Collector
• 1966 Fred Zinnemann - A Man for All Seasons
o Michelangelo Antonioni - Blow-Up
o Richard Brooks - The Professionals
o Claude Lelouch - A Man and a Woman
o Mike Nichols - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
• 1967 Mike Nichols - The Graduate
o Richard Brooks - In Cold Blood
o Norman Jewison - In the Heat of the Night
o Stanley Kramer - Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
o Arthur Penn - Bonnie and Clyde
• 1968 Carol Reed - Oliver!
o Anthony Harvey - The Lion in Winter
o Stanley Kubrick - 2001: A Space Odyssey
o Gillo Pontecorvo - The Battle of Algiers
o Franco Zeffirelli - Romeo and Juliet
• 1969 John Schlesinger - Midnight Cowboy
o Costa-Gavras - Z
o George Roy Hill - Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
o Arthur Penn - Alice's Restaurant
o Sydney Pollack - They Shoot Horses, Don't They?

1970s
• 1970 Franklin J. Schaffner - Patton
o Robert Altman - M*A*S*H
o Federico Fellini - Satyricon
o Arthur Hiller - Love Story
o Ken Russell - Women in Love
• 1971 William Friedkin - The French Connection
o Peter Bogdanovich - The Last Picture Show
o Norman Jewison - Fiddler on the Roof
o Stanley Kubrick - A Clockwork Orange
o John Schlesinger - Sunday Bloody Sunday
• 1972 Bob Fosse - Cabaret
o John Boorman - Deliverance
o Francis Ford Coppola - The Godfather
o Joseph L. Mankiewicz - Sleuth
o Jan Troell - The Emigrants
• 1973 George Roy Hill - The Sting
o Ingmar Bergman - Cries and Whispers
o Bernardo Bertolucci - Last Tango in Paris
o William Friedkin - The Exorcist
o George Lucas - American Graffiti
• 1974 Francis Ford Coppola - The Godfather Part II
o John Cassavetes - A Woman Under the Influence
o Bob Fosse - Lenny
o Roman Polanski - Chinatown
o François Truffaut - La Nuit américaine
• 1975 Milos Forman - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
o Robert Altman - Nashville
o Federico Fellini - Amarcord
o Stanley Kubrick - Barry Lyndon
o Sidney Lumet - Dog Day Afternoon
• 1976 John G. Avildsen - Rocky
o Ingmar Bergman - Face to Face
o Sidney Lumet - Network
o Alan J. Pakula - All the President's Men
o Lina Wertmüller - Seven Beauties
• 1977 Woody Allen - Annie Hall
o George Lucas - Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope
o Herbert Ross - The Turning Point
o Steven Spielberg - Close Encounters of the Third Kind
o Fred Zinnemann - Julia
• 1978 Michael Cimino - The Deer Hunter
o Woody Allen - Interiors
o Hal Ashby - Coming Home
o Warren Beatty, Buck Henry - Heaven Can Wait
o Alan Parker - Midnight Express
• 1979 Robert Benton - Kramer vs. Kramer
o Francis Ford Coppola - Apocalypse Now
o Bob Fosse - All That Jazz
o Edouard Molinaro - La Cage aux Folles
o Peter Yates - Breaking Away

1980s
• 1980 Robert Redford - Ordinary People
o David Lynch - The Elephant Man
o Roman Polanski - Tess
o Richard Rush - The Stunt Man
o Martin Scorsese - Raging Bull
• 1981 Warren Beatty - Reds
o Hugh Hudson - Chariots of Fire
o Louis Malle - Atlantic City
o Mark Rydell - On Golden Pond
o Steven Spielberg - Raiders of the Lost Ark
• 1982 Richard Attenborough - Gandhi
o Sidney Lumet - The Verdict
o Wolfgang Petersen - Das Boot
o Sydney Pollack - Tootsie
o Steven Spielberg - E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
• 1983 James L. Brooks - Terms of Endearment
o Bruce Beresford - Tender Mercies
o Ingmar Bergman - Fanny and Alexander
o Mike Nichols - Silkwood
o Peter Yates - The Dresser
• 1984 Milos Forman - Amadeus
o Woody Allen - Broadway Danny Rose
o Robert Benton - Places in the Heart
o Roland Joffé - The Killing Fields
o David Lean - A Passage to India
• 1985 Sydney Pollack - Out of Africa
o Hector Babenco - Kiss of the Spider Woman
o John Huston - Prizzi's Honor
o Akira Kurosawa - Ran
o Peter Weir - Witness
• 1986 Oliver Stone - Platoon
o Woody Allen - Hannah and Her Sisters
o James Ivory - A Room with a View
o Roland Joffe - The Mission
o David Lynch - Blue Velvet
• 1987 Bernardo Bertolucci - The Last Emperor
o John Boorman - Hope and Glory
o Lasse Hallström - My Life as a Dog
o Norman Jewison - Moonstruck
o Adrian Lyne - Fatal Attraction
• 1988 Barry Levinson - Rain Man
o Charles Crichton - A Fish Called Wanda
o Martin Scorsese - The Last Temptation of Christ
o Alan Parker - Mississippi Burning
o Mike Nichols - Working Girl
• 1989 Oliver Stone - Born on the Fourth of July
o Woody Allen - Crimes and Misdemeanors
o Peter Weir - Dead Poets Society
o Kenneth Branagh - Henry V
o Jim Sheridan - My Left Foot

1990s
• 1990 Kevin Costner - Dances with Wolves
o Francis Ford Coppola - The Godfather: Part III
o Martin Scorsese - Goodfellas
o Stephen Frears - The Grifters
o Barbet Schroeder - Reversal of Fortune
• 1991 Jonathan Demme - The Silence of the Lambs
o John Singleton - Boyz N the Hood
o Barry Levinson - Bugsy
o Oliver Stone - JFK
o Ridley Scott - Thelma and Louise
• 1992 Clint Eastwood - Unforgiven
o Neil Jordan - The Crying Game
o James Ivory - Howards End
o Robert Altman - The Player
o Martin Brest - Scent of a Woman
• 1993 Steven Spielberg - Schindler's List
o Jim Sheridan - In the Name of the Father
o Jane Campion - The Piano
o James Ivory - The Remains of the Day
o Robert Altman - Short Cuts
• 1994 Robert Zemeckis - Forrest Gump
o Woody Allen - Bullets Over Broadway
o Quentin Tarantino - Pulp Fiction
o Robert Redford - Quiz Show
o Krzysztof Kieślowski - Trois Couleurs Rouge a.k.a. Three Colors: Red
• 1995 Mel Gibson - Braveheart
o Chris Noonan - Babe
o Tim Robbins - Dead Man Walking
o Mike Figgis - Leaving Las Vegas
o Michael Radford - Il Postino a.k.a. The Postman
• 1996 Anthony Minghella - The English Patient
o Milos Forman - The People vs. Larry Flynt
o Joel Coen - Fargo
o Mike Leigh - Secrets & Lies
o Scott Hicks - Shine
• 1997 James Cameron - Titanic
o Peter Cattaneo - The Full Monty
o Gus Van Sant - Good Will Hunting
o Curtis Hanson - L.A. Confidential
o Atom Egoyan - The Sweet Hereafter
• 1998 Steven Spielberg - Saving Private Ryan
o John Madden - Shakespeare in Love
o Terrence Malick - The Thin Red Line
o Peter Weir - The Truman Show
o Roberto Benigni - La Vita č Bella a.k.a. Life Is Beautiful
• 1999 Sam Mendes - American Beauty
o Spike Jonze - Being John Malkovich
o Lasse Hallström - The Cider House Rules
o Michael Mann - The Insider
o M. Night Shyamalan - The Sixth Sense

2000s
• 2000 Steven Soderbergh - Traffic
o Stephen Daldry - Billy Elliot
o Steven Soderbergh - Erin Brockovich
o Ridley Scott - Gladiator
o Ang Lee - Wo hu cang long a.k.a. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
• 2001 Ron Howard - A Beautiful Mind
o Ridley Scott - Black Hawk Down
o Robert Altman - Gosford Park
o Peter Jackson - The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
o David Lynch - Mulholland Drive
• 2002 Roman Polanski - The Pianist
o Rob Marshall - Chicago
o Martin Scorsese - Gangs of New York
o Pedro Almodóvar - Hable con ella
o Stephen Daldry - The Hours
• 2003 Peter Jackson - The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
o Fernando Meirelles - City of God
o Sofia Coppola - Lost in Translation
o Peter Weir - Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
o Clint Eastwood - Mystic River
• 2004 Clint Eastwood - Million Dollar Baby
o Martin Scorsese - The Aviator
o Taylor Hackford - Ray
o Alexander Payne - Sideways
o Mike Leigh - Vera Drake
• 2005 Ang Lee - Brokeback Mountain
o Bennett Miller - Capote
o Paul Haggis - Crash
o George Clooney - Good Night, and Good Luck
o Steven Spielberg - Munich

BIOMI na KOPNU:

TUNDRA – zaleđena ravnica koja ukružuje vrh sjeverne hemisfere. Karakteriziraju je mahovine. Nalazi se na velikim nadmorskim visinama; niske temperature, malo oborina, kratka vegetacijska sezona. BILJKE: patuljasti grmovi, mahovine. ŽIVOTINJA: biljojedi sob i los, arktički zec, predatori vuk, lisica i bijeli medvjed.

TRAVNJACI :
-travnjaci umjerenog pojasa: stepa u Europi, prerija u S.Americi i pampa u J. Americi. BILJKE: trave, mahunarke, glavočike. ŽIVOTINJA: američki bizon u preriji, europski bizon, europski divlji konj u Europi; posebne ptice: emu u Australiji, nandu u pampama i noj u Africi.
-tropski travnjaci, odn. savane. BILJKE: trave, drvenaste biljke kratkog vijeka. ŽIVOTINJA: slon, zebra, žirafa, antilope.

MEDITERANSKA VEGETACIJA – grmolika vegetacija koja se nalazi u 5 mijesta koja leže od 32 do 40 stupnjeva S i J od ekvatora: Kalifornija, središnji Čile, SI i SZ Australija, vrh Afrike i Sredozemlje. BILJKE: grmovi borovnice, planike i štipavca, makija (zimzelena šikara) nastala degradacijiom šuma (hrast crnika, maslina, rogač), garig (kamenjar s niskim grmovima). ŽIVOTINJE: kos, juričica, grmuša pjenica.

PUSTINJE – nastale djelovanjem kretanja zračnih masa i reljefa (1. slučaj: kod visokih planinskih lanaca koji sprečavaju prodor kišnih oblaka; 2. slučaj: pustinje u kontinentu (Gobi) do kojih se vlažni zrak s mora osuši). Karakteristike: niska količina vlage, velika temperaturna kolebanja (danju +40 C, noću oko 0 C), kiša u obliku pljuskova. BILJKE: jednogodišnje zeljaste biljke (pojavljuju se samo u vrijeme veće vlažnosti), višegodišnje kserofitske biljke (grmolik i trnovit habitus, reducirani listovi, korjenje duboko usađeno), sukulenti (akumuliraju veće količine vode, imaju plitak korjen). ŽIVOTINJE: gušteri, zmije, ptice, sisavci.
* Atakama (Čile) je najsuše područje na zemlji. Kiša pada nekoliko puta u stoljeću (godišnja količina oborina je 3 mm), što uzrokuje termalnu inverziju: hladna morska voda (djelovanje hladne Humboltove struje) oslobađa hladan zrak, koji potiskuje topli visoko u atmosferu. *Humboltov pingvin.

TAJGA – najveća vegetacija, pojas šuma četinjača na sjevernoj hemisferi (Škotska, Skandinavija, Sibir). Karakteristike: hladna kontinentalna klima (duge, sniježne i suhe zime, hladna, kratka i vlažna ljeta). BILJKE: obična smreka, bijeli bor i breza u Europi, sibirska smreka, sibirski bor i ariš u Sibiru. ŽIVOTINJE: vjeverica, voluharica, tekunica, ptice djetlići, bjelokrili krstokljun, kreja, lješetarke; biljojedi los i sob, altajski i mošusni jelen, mrki medvjed, ris, sove ušara, sjeverna i velika soba, ćug batoglavac.

ŠUME UMJERENOG POJASA
-vazdazelene šume četinjača – smreka (Karpati, Alpe, Stijenjak), tlo podzol: debeli sloj iglica i češera koji prekriva raspadnuti humus. ŽIVOTINJE: grinje, kukci, ptice: sjenica, krstokljuni i rujnica.
-listopadne šume – BILJKE: bukva (srednje vlažna staništa, viša mjesta), hrast kitnjak, cer (suha tla), hrast lužnjak, topola, vrba (povremeno plavljena područja). ŽIVOTINJE: šumski miš, riđa voluharica, divlji kunić, jazavac, jež, slavuj, sjenica, djetlić, jelen, divlja svinja, kuna zlatica, divlja mačka, vjeverica, puh.

ŠUME TROPSKOG POJASA – prostiru se na ekvatorijalnom području, vlažna i topla klima, obilje padalina, velika bioraznolikosti i vertikalna slojevitost (5 slojeva). (Amazona najveća!). Monsunska šuma – indomalajski poluotok; kiše dolaze s monsunom, biljke listaju 1 mjesec prije dolaska monsuna.

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