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Monastery church of St. You can help by converting this section to prose, if. The church owns several icons from the 15th and the 16th century and an from the Greek artists Tomios Batos from the 18th century.
The Slavic suffix combined with the Roman form of Lasta gives the islands present name of Lastovo. The origins of the Lastovo carnival go back to a historical event.
Jadrolinija uvela online rezervacije i kupovinu karata za trajektne linije za Brbinj, Ist, Mali Lošinj i Bršanj - Do sada je Jadrolinija s dječjim kutcima opremila ukupno osam brodova te dvije agencije, a s opremanjem se nastavlja i dalje, poručuju iz Jadrolinije. At the time, Rijeka was a feudal stronghold surrounded by a wall.
It is located on , an inlet of the and has a population of 128,624 inhabitants 2011. The metropolitan area, which includes adjacent towns and municipalities, has a population of more than 240,000. In 2016, Rijeka was selected as the for 2020, alongside ,. Historically, because of its strategic position and , the city was fiercely contested, especially among Italy, Hungary serving as the 's largest and most important port , and Croatia, changing hands and demographics many times over centuries. According to the , the overwhelming majority of its citizens 82. Rijeka is the main city of. Rijeka hosts the , first built in 1765, as well as the , founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632 School of Theology. Linguistically, apart from Croatian, the population also uses its own unique version of the , , with an estimated 20,000 speakers among the autochtone Croats and various minorities. Historically Fiumano served as a lingua franca for the many ethnicities inhabiting the multicultural port-town. Name Historically, Rijeka was also called Tharsatica, Vitopolis, or Flumen in. The city is called Rijeka in , Reka in , and Reka or Rika in other Croatian dialects. All these names mean river in their respective languages. Geography Rijeka is located in western , 131 kilometres 81 miles southwest of the capital, , on the northern coast of Rijeka Bay 14 ° 26 'east longitude 45 ° 21' north latitude , as part of a larger of the , which is a large bay most deeply indented to the European mainland. The Bay of Rijeka, which is bordered by Vela Vrata between and the island of , Srednja Vrata between Cres and Island and Mala Vrata between Krk and the mainland is connected to the Bay of Kvarner and is deep enough about fifty metres or 160 feet for the biggest sailing ships. The City of Rijeka lies at the mouth of river and in the micro-region of the Croatian coast. Two important land transport routes start in Rijeka due to its location. The first route is to the given that Rijeka is located alongside the narrowest point of the about fifty kilometres or 31 miles. The other route, across connects Rijeka with , and beyond. History lies at the exact spot of an ancient Illyrian and Roman fortress Though traces of Neolithic settlements can be found in the region, the earliest modern settlements on the site were Tharsatica modern , now part of Rijeka on the hill, and the tribe of mariners, the , in the natural harbour below. The city long retained its dual character. It became a city within the Roman Province of until the 6th century. Main street Korzo After the 4th century Rijeka was rededicated to , the city's , as Terra Fluminis sancti Sancti Viti or in German Sankt Veit am Pflaum. From the 5th century onwards, the town was ruled successively by the , the , the , and the. At the time, Rijeka was a feudal stronghold surrounded by a wall. At the center of the city, its highest point, was a fortress. In 799 Rijeka was attacked by the troops of. Their was at first repulsed, during which the Frankish commander Duke was killed. However, the Frankish forces finally occupied and devastated the castle, while the passed under the overlordship of the. From about 925, the town was part of the , from 1102. Trsat Castle and the town was rebuilt under the rule of the. In 1288 the Rijeka citizens signed the , one of the oldest codes of law in Europe. Rijeka even rivalled with when it was purchased by the emperor , in 1466. It would remain under Habsburg overlordship for over 450 years, except for French rule between 1805 and 1813, until its occupation by Croatian and subsequently Italian irregulars at the end of World War I. Under Habsburg sovereignty Tram in Rijeka After coming under Habsburg rule in 1466, the town was attacked and plundered by Venetian forces in 1509. While forces attacked the town several times, they never occupied it. From the 16th century onwards, Rijeka was largely rebuilt in its present and style. Emperor declared the a together with the in 1719 and had the trade route to expanded in 1725. By order of Empress in 1779, the city was annexed to the and governed as directly from by an appointed governor, as Hungary's only international port. From 1804, Rijeka was part of the after the , in the province. In the early 19th century, the prominent economical and cultural leader of the city was. Fiume also had a significant naval base, and in the mid-19th century it became the site of the Austro-Hungarian Naval Academy K. Marine-Akademie , where the trained its officers. Under his leadership, an impressive phase of expansion of the city started, marked by major port development, fuelled by the general expansion of international trade and the city's connection 1873 to the Austro-Hungarian railway network. The second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century up to World War I was a period of rapid economic growth and technological dynamism for Rijeka. Rijeka also became a pioneering centre for. The Austrian physicist Peter Salcher working in Rijeka's Austro-Hungarian Marine Academy took the first photograph of a bullet flying at supersonic speed in 1886, devising a technique that was later used by in his studies of supersonic motion. Rijeka on the old postcard Rijeka's port underwent tremendous development fuelled by generous Hungarian investments, becoming the main maritime outlet for and the eastern part of the , the fifth port in the Mediterranean, after Marseilles, Genoa, Naples and Trieste. The population grew rapidly from only 21,000 in 1880 to 50,000 in 1910. Major civic buildings constructed at this time include the Governor's Palace, designed by the Hungarian architect. There was an ongoing competition between Rijeka and Trieste, the main maritime outlet for — reflecting the rivalry between the two components of the Dual Monarchy. The Austro-Hungarian Navy sought to keep the balance by ordering new warships from the shipyards of both cities. Apart from the rapid economic growth, the period encompassing the second half of the 19th century and up to World War I also saw a shift in the ethnic composition of the city. The , which administered the city during that period, favoured the Hungarian element in the city and encouraged immigration from all lands of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1910, there were 24,000 Italian-speaking, and 13,000 Croat-speaking inhabitants of Rijeka in addition to the 6,500 Hungarians and several thousands of other nationalities, like Slovenians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Greeks. The Italo-Yugoslav dispute and the Free State of Fiume Adria Palace Italy based its claim on the fact that Italians were the largest single nationality within the city 65% of the total population. Croats made up most of the remainder and were also a majority in the surrounding area, including the neighbouring town of. Despite these claims, in the city there was a strong and very active Autonomist Party, which also had its delegates at the Paris conference and was represented by Ruggero Gotthardi. On 10 September 1919, the was signed declaring the Austro-Hungarian monarchy dissolved. Negotiations over the future of the city were interrupted two days later when a force of Italian nationalist irregulars led by the poet seized control of the city without casualties and acclaimed by a part of the population. Because the Italian government didn't want to annex Fiume in order to respect the international agreement, d'Annunzio and the intellectuals at his side eventually established a state, the , a unique social experiment for the age and a revolutionary cultural experience to which various international intellectuals of diverse walks of life took part like , , , , , , , Léon Kochnitzky. Among the many political experiments that took place during this period, d'Annunzio and his men undertook a first attempt to establish a movement of non-aligned nations in the so-called , an organization in antithesis to the wilsonian League of Nations seen as a mean to perpetuate a corrupt and imperialist status quo. The organization was meant to help all oppressed nationalities in their struggle for political dignity and recognition, establishing links to many movements on various continents, but it never found the necessary external support and its main legacy remains today the Regency Of Carnaro's recognition of the Soviet Union, first state entity in the world to have done so. Rijeka in 1937 The resumption of Italy's premiership by the liberal in June 1920 signalled a hardening of official attitudes to d'Annunzio's coup. On 12 November, Italy and Yugoslavia concluded the , under which Rijeka was to be an independent state, the , under a government acceptable to both. Italian troops freed the city from d'Annunzio's militias in January 1921. The subsequent democratic election brought the overwhelming victory of the Autonomist Party and Fiume became a member of the. The ensuing election of Rijeka's first president met the official recognition and greeting of all major powers. The creation of a for the new country did not put an end to strife within the city: a brief Italian nationalist seizure of power was ended by the intervention of an Italian royal commissioner, and a short-lived local Fascist takeover in March 1922 ended in a third Italian intervention. Seven months later Italy herself fell under Fascist rule and the fate of Rijeka was set, the fascist party being among the strongest proponents of the annexation of Rijeka to Italy. At the beginning of World War II Rijeka immediately found itself in an awkward position. The city was overwhelmingly Italian, but its immediate surroundings and the city of Sušak, just across the river today a part of Rijeka proper were inhabited almost exclusively by Croatians and part of a potentially hostile power — Yugoslavia. Once the in April 1941, the Croatian areas surrounding the city were occupied by the Italian military, setting the stage for an intense and bloody insurgency which would last until the end of the war. This, in turn, was met by stiff reprisals from the Italian and German military. On 14 July 1942, in reprisal for the killing of 4 civilians of Italian origin by the Partisans, the Italian military killed 100 men from the suburban village of Podhum, resettling the remaining 800 people to concentration camps. After the in September 1943, Rijeka and the surrounding territories were annexed by Germany, becoming part of the. The partisan activity continued and intensified. On 30 April 1944, in the nearby village of Lipa, German troops killed 263 civilians in reprisal for the killing of several soldiers during a partisan attack. Transadria building Because of its industries oil refinery, torpedo factory, shipyards and its port facilities, the city was also a target of frequent more than 30 Anglo-American air attacks, which caused widespread destruction and hundreds of civilian deaths. Some of the worst bombardments happened on 12 January 1944 attack on the refinery, part of the , on 3—6 November 1944, when a series of attacks resulted in at least 125 deaths and between 15 and 25 February 1945 200 dead, 300 wounded. The area of Rijeka was the remains of these fortifications can be seen today on the city outskirts. This was the fortified border between Italy and Yugoslavia which, at that time, cut across the city area and its surroundings. As Yugoslav troops approached the city in April 1945, one of the fiercest and largest battles in this area of Europe ensued. Under the command of the German general they inflicted thousands of casualties on the attacking , which were forced to charge uphill against well-fortified positions to the north and east of the city. Ultimately the Germans were forced to retreat. Before leaving the city, in an act of wanton destruction World War II was almost over , the German troops destroyed the harbour area and other infrastructure with a number of big explosive charges. However, the German attempt to break out of the partisan encirclement north-west of the city was unsuccessful. Of the approximately 27,000 German and other troops retreating from the city, 11,000 were killed many were executed after surrendering , while the remaining 16,000 were taken prisoner. Yugoslav troops entered Rijeka on 3 May 1945. The city had suffered extensive damage in the war. The economic infrastructure was almost completely destroyed, and of the 5400 buildings in the city at the time, 2890 53% were either completely destroyed or heavily damaged. This time the city of Rijeka became part of Yugoslavia within the federal state of Croatia , a situation formalized by the between Italy and the wartime Allies on 10 February 1947. Once the change in sovereignty was formalized, 58,000 of the 66,000 Italian speakers were gradually constrained to emigrate they became known in Italian as esuli or the exiles from , and or endure a harsh oppression by the new Yugoslav communist regime during the first decade of its existence, when the communist party adopted a approach to solve the local ethnic question. The discrimination and persecution many inhabitants experienced at the hands of the Yugoslav populace and officials in the last days of World War II and the first years of peace still remain painful memories for the exiled ones and somewhat of a taboo for Rijeka's political elites which still deny the events. Summary executions of alleged fascists often well-known anti-fascists or openly apolitical , aimed at hitting the intellectual class, Italian public servants, military officials and even ordinary civilians at least 650 executions of took place after the end of the war , and forced most ethnic Italians to leave Rijeka in order to avoid becoming a victim of harsher forms of ethnic cleansing. The removal was a meticulously-planned operation, aimed at convincing the hardly assimilable Italian part of the autochthonous population to leave the country, as testified decades later by representatives' of the Yugoslav leadership. Only one third of the original population mostly Croats remained in the city. Subsequently, the city was resettled by many immigrants from various parts of Yugoslavia, changing the city demographics once again. A period of reconstruction began. During the period of the communist administration in the 1950s—1980s the city grew once again both demographically and economically thanks to its traditional manufacturing industries, its maritime economy and its port, then the largest in. However, many of these industries were mostly a product of a socialist planned economy and could not be sustained once the economy transitioned to a more market-oriented model in the early 1990s. In 1991 Yugoslavia broke apart, and the federal state of became independent during the. Since then, the city has somewhat stagnated economically and its demography has plunged. Some of its largest industries and employers went out of business the Jugolinija shipping company, the torpedo factory, the paper mill and many other medium or small manufacturing and commercial companies, often in the midst of big corruption scandals and a badly planned privatization. Others are struggling to stay economically viable like the city's landmark shipyards. A difficult and uncertain transition of the city's economy away from manufacturing and towards the service industry and tourism is still in progress. City government building Rijeka's International Carnival The Croatian: Riječki karneval is held each year before Lent between late January and early March in Rijeka,Croatia. Established in 1982, it has become the biggest carnival in Croatia. Every year there are numerous events preceding the carnival itself. Same day, there is an election of the carnival queen. As all the cities around Rijeka have their own events during the carnival time, Queen and Meštar Toni are attending most of them. Also, every year the Carnival charity ball is held in the Governor's palace in Rijeka. It is attended by politicians, people from sport and media life, as well as a number of ambassadors. The weekend before the main event there are two other events held. One is Rally Paris — Bakar. The start is a part of Rijeka called Paris after the restaurant located there, and the end is in city of Bakar, located about 20 kilometres 12 miles south east. All of the participants of the rally wear masks, and the cars are mostly modified old cars. The groups that participate are mostly from kindergartens and elementary schools, including groups from other parts of Croatia and neighboring countries. In recent years, the international carnival has attracted around 15,000 participants from all over the world organized in over 200 carnival groups, with crowds of over 100,000. Demographics Historical populations of the City of Rijeka Year Pop. ±% 1880 37,904 — 1890 48,959 +29. The following tables list the city's population, along with the population of ex-municipality disbanded in 1995 , the urban and the metropolitan area. Year City Proper Municipality Urban Metro 2011 128,624 185,125 213,666 245,054 2001 144,043 191,647 220,538 252,933 1991 165,904 206,229 236,028 268,016 1981 158,226 193,044 222,318 251,768 Astronomical Centre Rijeka. It includes cities and municipalities of , , , , , , and. It includes the ex-municipality along with cities and municipalities of , , and , which form urban agglomeration. It includes cities and municipalities of , , , , , and , which all gravitate to the City of Rijeka. Panoramic view at night Some notable people from Rijeka: Dusan. The first European prototypes of a self-propelled torpedo, created by , a retired naval engineer from Rijeka. The remains of this factory still exist, including a well-preserved launch ramp used for testing self-propelled torpedoes on which in 1866 the first torpedo was tested. Built 135 m 443 ft on the Trsat hill during the late Middle Ages, it represents the Guardian of Travellers, especially seamen, who bring offerings to her so she will guard them or help them in time of trouble or illness. It is home to the Gothic sculpture of the Madonna of Slunj and to works by the Baroque painter C. At first it was thought that this was a Roman Triumphal Arch built by the Roman Emperor but later it was discovered to be just a portal to the , the army command in late antiquity. Climate ski resort, north of Rijeka The terrain configuration, with mountains rising steeply just a few kilometres inland from the shores of the , provides for some striking climatic and landscape contrasts within a small geographic area. Beaches can be enjoyed throughout summer in a typically setting along the coastal areas of the city to the east Pećine, Kostrena and west , Preluk. At the same time, the ski resort of , located only about 10 kilometers 6. The and its islands are visible from the ski slopes. Rijeka has a with warm summers and relatively mild and rainy winters. Snow is rare usually 3 days per year, almost always occurring in patches. There are 20 days a year with a maximum of 30 °C 86 °F or higher, while on one day a year the temperature does not exceed 0 °C 32 °F. Fog appears in about 4 days per year, mainly in winter. The climate is also characterized by frequent rainfall. Cold winds are common in wintertime. Climate data for Rijeka 1971—2000, extremes 1948—2014 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C °F 20. The is the largest port in Croatia, with a cargo throughput in 2015 of 10. The port is managed by the Port of Rijeka Authority. The first record of a port in Rijeka date back to 1281, and in 1719, the Port of Rijeka was granted a charter as a. There are ferry connections between Rijeka and the surrounding islands and cities, but no direct international passenger ship connections. There are coastal lines to and onward to , which operate twice weekly and have international connections. The city is difficult to get to by air; the city's own international airport, is located on the nearby island of across the tolled Krk Bridge. Handling 133,564 passengers in 2015, the facility is more of a charter airport than a serious , although various scheduled airlines have begun to service it. Rijeka has efficient road connections to other parts of Croatia and neighbouring countries. The connects Rijeka to via the , while the , completed in 2004, links Rijeka with , Slovenia, via and with , Italy. The A7 acts as the Rijeka bypass motorway and facilitates access to the of the network starting with the , and linking Rijeka with. As of August 2011, the bypass is being extended eastwards to the area and new feeder roads are under construction. Rijeka is integrated into the network and international rail lines. A fully electrified railway connects Rijeka to Zagreb and beyond towards and the Hungarian border as part of. Rijeka is also connected to Trieste and Ljubljana by a separate electrified line that extends northwards from the city. Rijeka is has direct connections by daily trains to Vienna, Munich, and Salzburg, and night trains running through Rijeka. Construction of a new high performance railway between Rijeka and Zagreb, extending to Budapest is planned, as well as rail links connecting Rijeka to the island of Krk and between Rijeka and. Sports is the city's main team, currently competing in the. Until July 2015, HNK Rijeka were based at the iconic. With Kantrida awaiting reconstruction, they are based at the newly-built , their temporary home ground located in the club's new training camp. Rijeka's other important sports clubs are , , and women's. In its more than 80 years of history, LEN had never seen so many records set as the number of them set at the Kantrida Swimming Complex. A total of 14 European Records were set of which 10 World Records and even 7 World Best Times. This championship also presented a record in the number of participating countries. There were more than 600 top athletes, from some 50 European countries. Swimmers from 21 nations won medals and 40 of the 51 national member Federations of LEN were present in Rijeka. Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2012. Word Reference online dictionaries. Retrieved 5 January 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. Reka-Fiume : notes sur l'histoire, la langue et la statistique, Beograd. Il Trattato di Rapallo, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1921. La pace di Fiume, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1924. Retrieved 7 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012. Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 2 December 2015. Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 3 December 2015. Mestna občina Ljubljana Ljubljana City in Slovenian. Retrieved 27 July 2013. Official website of the City of Rijeka. Retrieved 31 December 2014. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.