RF wireless module is a kind of module that uses wireless technology for wireless transmission. It is widely used in computer wireless network, wireless communication, wireless control and other fields. The wireless module is mainly composed of transmitter, receiver and controller.
Lora is one of the low-power WAN communication technologies. It is a kind of ultra-long-range wireless transmission technology based on spread spectrum technology adopted and promoted by Semtech. It is a unique modulation format generated by Semtech's RF part. LoRa RF part The core chips are the SX1276 and SX1278. These chips are small in scale and high in efficiency, bringing high reception sensitivity to LoRa wireless modules.
The conventional digital data communication principle is to use as small a bandwidth as possible in accordance with the data rate. This is because the number of bandwidth is limited and there are many users to share. The principle of spread spectrum communication is to use the maximum amount of bandwidth as much as possible, and the same energy is transmitted over a large bandwidth. Here, a small portion of the spread spectrum bandwidth interferes with conventional wireless signals, but conventional wireless signals do not affect the spread spectrum signal because the bandwidth is narrow compared to conventional signals. For example, the LoRa spread spectrum transmission technology 170MHz E32-170T30D module has almost twice the transmission distance and penetration capability than the traditional FSK, GFSK and other modulation methods.
The E32-170T30D module operates at a frequency of 170MHz. The lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength and the smaller the propagation loss. Therefore, it has a strong penetrating diffraction capability and is suitable for more complicated environments. Compared to the E32-433T30D module with a frequency of 433MHz, the signal loss is significantly lower after passing through the four walls.
Antenna gain
Antenna gain is the ratio of the power density of the signal produced by the actual antenna at the same point in space as the ideal radiating element, under the condition of equal input power. Antenna gain is not only one of the most important parameters of the antenna, but also important for the operation quality of the wireless communication system. By increasing the antenna gain, the signal coverage in a certain direction can be increased, or the range is unchanged, but within the range. The signal strength is enhanced. Therefore, the higher the antenna gain, the better, and the smaller the standing wave ratio, the better.
FEC forward error correction
The FEC forward error correction code is a method to increase the reliability of data communication. In a one-way communication channel, once an error is found, its receiver will not have the right to request a transmission. FEC is a method of transmitting redundant information using data. When an error occurs in the transmission, the receiver is allowed to reconstruct the data. The FEC error correction function on the software can greatly improve the anti-interference ability, and the coding efficiency is high, and the error correction capability is strong. In the case of sudden interference, the interfered data packet can be actively corrected, and the reliability and the transmission distance are greatly improved; In the absence of FEC, such packets can only be discarded. The module has data encryption and compression capabilities. The data transmitted by the module in the air is random, and the data interception is meaningless through strict encryption and decryption algorithms. The data compression function has the probability of reducing the transmission time, reducing the probability of interference, improving reliability and transmission efficiency.
The air speed should be as low as possible, the higher the airspeed, the closer the communication distance, and the higher the packet loss rate.
RF wireless module is a kind of module that uses wireless technology for wireless transmission. It is widely used in computer wireless network, wireless communication, wireless control and other fields. The wireless module is mainly composed of transmitter, receiver and controller.
LoRa is one of the low-power WAN communication technologies. It is a kind of ultra-long-range wireless transmission technology based on spread spectrum technology adopted and promoted by Semtech. It is a unique modulation format generated by Semtech's RF part. LoRa RF part The core chips are the SX1276 and SX1278. These chips are small in scale and high in efficiency, bringing high reception sensitivity to LoRa wireless modules.
nRF51822 is a powerful and highly flexible multi-protocol SoC, which is very suitable for Bluetooth low energy and 2.4GHz wireless applications. This SoC is a microprocessor based on ARM Cortex M0 core. It has 256KB / 128KB of on-chip FLASH storage space and 32KB / 16KB of RAM space. The 2.4G radio frequency supports Bluetooth low energy, and is compatible with nRF24L series products.
Application fields: mobile phone accessories, wearable devices, wireless charging monitoring, PC peripherals, consumer electronics remote controls, smart homes, smart RF tags, toys and video games.
Chip characteristics
Single chip, highly flexible 2.4GHz multiprotocol device
32-bit ARM Cortex M0 CPU core
256KB / 128KB Flash + 32KB / 16KB RAM
Support Bluetooth low energy protocol stack
Thread safety and runtime protection
Event-driven API support
Airlink compatible nRF24L series
Three rates: 2Mbps / 1Mbps / 250Kbps
+ 4dBm output power
-93dBm sensitivity, Bluetooth low power
Flexible power management system
Configurable I / O
Operating temperature range: -40 ° C to + 105 ° C
NRF52810
nRF52810 is a high-performance multi-protocol SoC supporting Bluetooth 5, ANT and 2.4GHz. The SoC provides support for Bluetooth 5, while the microprocessor core is ARM Cortex M4, with 192KB of FLASH and 24KB of RAM space, which can provide more support for advanced applications. It performs very well even in low power applications.
Application fields: Bluetooth 5 connectivity processors, industrial sensors and actuators, wearable devices, smart home sensors, computer peripherals, sports and fitness sensors, smart watches, interactive games and building automation.
Chip characteristics
Single chip, highly flexible 2.4 GHz multiprotocol SoC
32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 processor
Voltage range: 1.7V to 3.6V
192kB flash + 24kB RAM
Support concurrent Bluetooth low energy / ANT protocol operation
+ 4dBm output power
-96dBm sensitivity, Bluetooth low power
Thread safety and runtime protection
Event-driven API support
Air link compatible with nRF24L and nRF24AP series
Two rates: 2Mbps / 1Mbps
Automatic power management system
Configurable I / O
1 master / slave SPI
1 x two-wire interface (I˛C)
UART (RTS / CTS)
1 PWM (4 channels)
AES HW encryption
8-channel 10 / 12-bit ADC
Quadrature decoderl 64-level analog comparator
Real-time clock (RTC)
Digital Microphone Interface (PDM)
NRF52832
nRF52832 is a powerful, highly flexible, ultra-low-power, multi-protocol SoC that is well-suited for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE, formerly Smart Bluetooth), ANT and 2.4GHz wireless applications. SoC based on ARM Cortex M4F for core microprocessor, with 512KB of on-chip FLASH and 64KBRAM space. The 2.4GHz transceiver supports Bluetooth low energy, ANT and a proprietary 2.4GHz protocol stack, compatible with nRF51 series and nRF24L series.
Application fields: Internet of Things (LoT), wearable devices, smart home sensors, computer peripherals, voice-controlled smart remote control, connected health products, smart watches and building automation.
Chip characteristics
Single chip, highly flexible 2.4 GHz multiprotocol SoC
32-bit ARM Cortex-M4F processor
1.7V to 3.6V operating voltage
512kB flash + 64kB RAM
Support concurrent Bluetooth low energy / ANT protocol operation
+ 4dBm output power
-96dBm sensitivity, Bluetooth low power
Thread safety and runtime protection
Event-driven API support
Air link compatible with nRF24L and nRF24AP series
Two rates: 2Mbps / 1Mbps
Automatic power management system
Configurable I / O
3 x master / slave SPI
2 x two-wire interface (I˛C)
ART (RTS / CTS)
3 x PWMl AES HW encryption
12-bit ADCl Real-time clock (RTC)
Digital Microphone Interface (PDM)
NRF52840
nRF52840 is an advanced multi-protocol SoC, which is very suitable for ultra-low power wireless applications. nRF52840 has a 32-bit ARM Cortex M4F microprocessor with 1MB of FLASH and 256KB of RAM on-chip. nRF52840's 2.4GHz wireless transceiver supports Bluetooth Low Energy, ANT, 802.15.4 and 2.4GHz proprietary protocols. It supports 2Mbs and 1Mbs of Bluetooth low energy and 500Kbs and 125Kbs of Bluetooth 5. Supports automatic measurement of high-resolution RSSI to reduce CPU load.
Application fields: advanced high-performance wear-resistant parts, wearable secure payment, virtual reality / augmented reality systems, smart home sensor networks, smart city sensor networks, high-performance HID controllers, IoT sensor networks, smart door locks and smart lighting networks Wait.
Chip characteristics
Advanced single-chip 2.4 GHz multiprotocol SoC
32-bit ARM Cortex-M4F processor
1.7V to 5.5V operating voltage
1MB flash + 256kB RAM
Bluetooth 5 supports remote and high throughput
802.15.4 radio support
On-chip NFCl PPI programmable peripheral interconnect
Automatic power management system
Configurable I / O
48 x GPIO
1 x QSPI
4 x master / slave SPI
2 x two-wire interface (I˛C)
I˛S interfacel 2 x UART
4 x PWMl USB 2.0 controller
ARM TrustZone CryptoCell-310 encryption and security module
AES 128-bit ECB / CCM / AAR hardware accelerator
Digital Microphone Interface (PDM)
Quadrature decoderl 12-bit ADC
Low power comparator
Compatible with nRF52, nRF51 and nRF24 series
The Application Prospect of Lora Module in the Field of Intelligent Meter Reading and Agricultural Informatization
LoRa technology occupies an important position in the development of the Internet of Things. Because of its ease of construction and deployment, it has become a commonly used Internet of Things dedicated network communication technology. In recent years, due to the maturity of LoRa technology in the leading position, as well as the characteristics of long transmission distance, low power consumption and strong anti-interference, LoRa modules are widely used.
The communication distance of LoRa wireless modules is affected by factors such as the use environment, transmit power, sensitivity, interference, etc. Therefore, modules with different powers use different communication distances in different environments. China Wireless serial lora moduleThe communication distance of the LoRa module can reach more than 8 kilometers, which can solve the problem of complex ultra-long-distance communication.
1. Smart wireless meter reading
The LoRa communication module is widely used in intelligent wireless meter reading. The data acquisition equipment of the distribution box transmits the electricity consumption information of each household to the LoRa module, and the LoRa module transmits the data to the remote control center through the gateway. The low-power, long-distance, and low-cost advantages of LoRa modules are more conducive to large-scale promotion and the development and construction of smart cities.
2. Agricultural informatization:
Comprehensively develop and apply modern network technology in the agricultural field, making agricultural production particularly convenient, effectively reducing costs and increasing yields.
LoRa realizes the interconnection of agricultural nodes, low power consumption, long transmission distance, and no communication costs, making it a reality for large-scale applications in agricultural production. For example, in the detection of water quality, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and pests and diseases, the information of the collected equipment can be transmitted to the control and dispatch center through the LoRa module, and according to real-time data analysis, automatic irrigation, automatic spraying and other measures can be carried out.
All in all, the LoRa communication module has the advantages of low power consumption, long distance, high sensitivity and strong anti-interference, which makes it widely used in the fields of IoT agriculture, intelligent wireless meter reading, robot control, security system, vehicle tracking, and smart city. The development of LoRa technology is particularly broad in the future.
The application demand of long-distance wireless transmission is increasing year by year, such as the use of small amounts of data and long-distance transmission between water meters, smoke detectors and other devices. More and more enterprises are investing heavily in the construction of low-power wide-area networks. Long-distance and low-power wireless network technologies such as lora have become an important technological progress in the Internet of Things. The applications of the Internet of Things include remote meter reading, security systems, home automation telemetry, wireless data communication, access control systems, robot control, etc. LoRa wireless modules are the first choice for these applications. It can be seen that the development prospects of lora modules are very good.
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