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ponedjeljak, 22.09.2025.

Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies

A cryptocurrency is a digital asset designed as a medium of exchange. It uses cryptography to secure transactions as well as to control the creation of additional currency units. Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies, a subset of alternative currencies. The most popular cryptocurrency is bitcoin, and since it was invented the various new cryptocurrencies that have been created are frequently called altcoins, as shorthand for bitcoin alternative.

Bitcoin was designed as a peer-to-peer system to be used for online payments, without the need for a trusted central authority. Since its invention in 2008, bitcoin has grown into a currency, a technology, an investment vehicle and a community of users. It is in fact believed to be the first cryptocurrency, although, as mentioned earlier, similar systems did exist before. Since the bitcoin system works without a single administrator (like PayPal) or a central repository, the US Treasury has categorised bitcoin as a decentralised virtual currency. In fact, the first decentralised digital currency would be a more correct designation than the first cryptocurrency.

Since all transactions are digital and take place directly between users, without an intermediary, there needs to be a way to ensure that users do not spend more bitcoins than they own. Therefore, all transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a publicly distributed ledger known as the blockchain.

While everyone has at least heard of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, few have comprehensive knowledge of how they work. In the rest of this article, we will introduce you to the main advantages and disadvantages to consider before making use of the possibilities that bitcoin offers.

Advantages and disadvantages of using bitcoin
Due to bitcoin's relatively novel nature, its price can increase or decrease unpredictably over a short period of time, and it can sometimes be more illiquid than other types of currency. This means that keeping your savings in bitcoins is a risky decision and not recommended. Bitcoin is seen as a high-risk asset, and it is not advisable to store money in bitcoins that you cannot afford to lose. On the other hand, due to its high volatility, those willing to take a risk may see considerable returns over a short period of time. Lack of awareness and understanding of bitcoin means it is relatively rarely used among businesses as a billing method. Once more and more businesses and private individuals start using bitcoin, its volatility and its liquidity risk should settle down.

Another thing to consider before acquiring bitcoins is the security of your digital wallet. Like your real wallet, your bitcoin wallet needs to be safe. Indeed, since bitcoin makes it possible to quickly and easily transfer funds anywhere in the world, the security concerns it poses are even greater. Remember, it is your responsibility to adopt good security practices. Overall, bitcoin is considered to be a safe and transparent system due to its cryptographic security. As a bonus, bitcoin users can enjoy considerably smaller transaction fees than those charged by credit cards or PayPal.

Bitcoin trading
Bitcoin has successfully positioned itself as another business opportunity for and other traders. As discussed earlier, buying and selling bitcoins is an easy, fast and cheap process. Before setting up your bitcoin account, you should be familiar with the status of bitcoin in your country, as well as any other applicable legal regulations and requirements. Bitcoin’s legal status varies significantly from country to country, and in many cases is still undefined or in flux. In 2013, the G7’s Financial Action Task Force issued a statement announcing that bitcoin and other internet-based payment services pose an increased risk of terrorist financing and money laundering. Meanwhile, in the same year, Germany classified bitcoin as a legally binding financial instrument that is essentially a unit of account.

22.09.2025. u 08:21 • 0 Komentara • Print • #

ponedjeljak, 11.08.2025.

Tax havens

Generally speaking, a tax haven is a jurisdiction in which taxes are either applied at a low rate or not at all. Well-known examples of tax haven jurisdictions include Panama, Belize, the Seychelles, the Cayman Islands, the Isle of Man and Hong Kong. Very often, such territories are also called offshores, with companies registered under these jurisdictions described as offshore companies.

An offshore company is a company established in order to operate and perform business activities outside the jurisdiction in which it was officially incorporated, as well as outside (or off the shores of) the place of residence of its directors, shareholders and beneficial owners, which may be crucial for tax planning in certain legal systems. Usually, an offshore company is established in order to receive certain legal or tax benefits, to allow for a particular corporate structure or to protect the confidentiality of the beneficial owner and/or asset holder.

It is widely recognised that in the modern, dynamic business environment, with most countries collaborating to create an intergovernmental tax-monitoring system, it is becoming more and more difficult to achieve your corporate and personal goals. Tax havens provide the perfect environment and the right tools to create a unique, functional corporate structure that suits your needs. Confidus Solutions will provide you with the most efficient solution, tailored just for you.

Features and advantages of offshore companies
Reducing the volume of applied taxes and securing confidentiality aren’t the only advantages of setting up an offshore company in a tax haven. Although tax planning is one of the major advantages offered by offshore companies, the chance to greatly reduce business expenses and maintenance costs is also a very attractive benefit.

Below you will find the six main benefits of incorporating an offshore company in one the tax havens listed here:

Tax reduction
Incorporating a company in tax haven provides a legal means to reduce the corporate taxes levied, and this is usually one of the main arguments for relocating your business to an offshore. Non-resident companies can enjoy a low-tax regime depending on the jurisdiction of incorporation. Bear in mind that international tax regulations can be extremely complex nowadays, and it is essential to consult with an experienced tax specialist. It is vital to ensure that there are no conflicts with corporate tax obligations in the jurisdiction where the business actually operates.

Privacy
In some tax haven jurisdictions, non-resident companies are not obliged to make public any financial documentation or private information relating to directors and shareholders. Most offshore jurisdictions will not pass on any of this information to third parties, including other countries, unless the individual is suspected of involvement in criminal activity.

Simple maintenance
Usually, there are no strict requirements or obligations regarding company management, so the directors and executive staff may make decisions remotely, using power of attorney or nominee services. The need for staff and physical premises may be met by the elegant and cost-effective solution of virtual office services.

Asset protection
Many offshore jurisdictions can be used as valuable corporate tools for asset protection. Typically, offshore legal entities are used for holding intellectual property rights or real estate investments.

Lower expenses
Comparing onshore and offshore jurisdictions, offshores usually offer a faster and more straightforward company incorporation procedure. Annual maintenance is usually easier and cheaper as well, making company registration and maintenance much more affordable.

Lower minimum share capital requirements
Incorporating an offshore company usually requires only a very small amount of share capital, and in certain tax haven jurisdictions there are no capital requirements at all, allowing you to minimise the cost of incorporation.

Oznake: business

11.08.2025. u 14:45 • 0 Komentara • Print • #

ponedjeljak, 23.09.2024.

Finance of Serbia

The minimum monthly wage in Serbia is 223 USD. Serbia has a government debt of 61.5% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as assessed in 2012. With regard to consumer prices, the inflation rate in Serbia is 2.2%. The currency of Serbia is Serbian dinar. The plural form of the word Serbian dinar is dinars. The symbol used for this currency is din, and it is abbreviated as RSD. The Serbian dinar is divided into para; there are 100 in one dinar. Each year, consumers spend around $30,956 million. The ratio of consumer spending to GDP in Serbia is 0.07%, and the ratio of consumer spending to the world consumer market is 8.92%. The corporate tax in Serbia is set at 15%. Personal income tax ranges from 10% to 25%, depending on your specific situation and income level. VAT in Serbia is 20%. In 2013, Serbia received 1089.8 million USD in foreign aid.In 2014, the foreign aid amounted to 1379.2 USD.

Gross Domestic Product
The total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) assessed as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in Serbia is $95,842 billion. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) assessed as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita in Serbia was last recorded at $10,938,337. PPP in Serbia is considered to be very good when compared to other countries. Very good PPP indicates that citizens in this country find it easy to purchase local goods. Local goods can include food, shleter, clothing, health care, personal care, essential furnishings, transportation and communication, laundry, and various types of insurance. Countries with very good PPP are safe locations for investments. The total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Serbia is 45,520 billion. Based on this statistic, Serbia is considered to have a medium economy. Countries with medium economies support an average number of industries and opportunities for investment. It should not be too difficult to find worthwhile investment opportunities in medium economies. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Serbia was last recorded at $5,195,145. The average citizen in Serbia has very high wealth. Countries with very high wealth per capita have an extended life expectancy and very high standard of living. Highly skilled workers can be found in many industries, and labor is very expensive in these countries. Countries with very high wealth offer opportunities for safe investments, as they are often supported by a diverse and thriving financial sector. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Serbia averaged -0.5% in 2014. According to this percentage, Serbia is currently experiencing modest decline. Countries that are experiencing modest decline may see a small reduction in personal consumption, employment rate, or personal income. A modest decline in GDP can signal a risky location for investments; however, some strong economic nations occasionally experience modest decline and are still safe investment locations.

23.09.2024. u 21:00 • 0 Komentara • Print • #

nedjelja, 25.08.2024.

Finance of Bulgaria

The minimum monthly wage in Bulgaria is 311 USD. Bulgaria has a government debt of 47.4% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as assessed in 2012. With regard to consumer prices, the inflation rate in Bulgaria is 1.5%. The currency of Bulgaria is Bulgarian lev. There are several plural forms of the name 'Bulgarian lev'. These are leva, levs. The symbol used for this currency is ;2, and it is abbreviated as BGN. The Bulgarian lev is divided into stotinka; there are 100 in one lev. Each year, consumers spend around $68,704 million. The ratio of consumer spending to GDP in Bulgaria is 0.13%, and the ratio of consumer spending to the world consumer market is 19.81%. The corporate tax in Bulgaria is set at 10%. Personal income tax ranges from 10% to 10%, depending on your specific situation and income level. VAT in Bulgaria is 20%.

Gross Domestic Product
The total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) assessed as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in Bulgaria is $129,104 billion. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) assessed as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita in Bulgaria was last recorded at $18,346,851. PPP in Bulgaria is considered to be very good when compared to other countries. Very good PPP indicates that citizens in this country find it easy to purchase local goods. Local goods can include food, shleter, clothing, health care, personal care, essential furnishings, transportation and communication, laundry, and various types of insurance. Countries with very good PPP are safe locations for investments. The total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bulgaria is 54,481 billion. Based on this statistic, Bulgaria is considered to have a medium economy. Countries with medium economies support an average number of industries and opportunities for investment. It should not be too difficult to find worthwhile investment opportunities in medium economies. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Bulgaria was last recorded at $7,742,245. The average citizen in Bulgaria has very high wealth. Countries with very high wealth per capita have an extended life expectancy and very high standard of living. Highly skilled workers can be found in many industries, and labor is very expensive in these countries. Countries with very high wealth offer opportunities for safe investments, as they are often supported by a diverse and thriving financial sector. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Bulgaria averaged 1.4% in 2014. According to this percentage, Bulgaria is currently experiencing modest growth. Countries that are experiencing modest growth offer safe opportunities for investment; their expanding economy indicates that businesses, jobs, and income will expand accordingly.

25.08.2024. u 13:02 • 0 Komentara • Print • #

subota, 20.07.2024.

Geography of Croatia

Croatia is considered to be a large nation because of its total area. Its total land area is 56,594 km˛ (approx. 21,851 mi˛). Continental shelf of Croatia is approximately 50,277 km˛ (around 19,412 mi˛). Croatia is located in Europe. Europe is a continent whose borders date back to the period of antiquity. European countries include, but are not limited to, the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Malta, and The Vatican. Croatia has 5 neighbouring countries. Its neighbours include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia. Croatia is not a landlocked country. It means that is is bordered by at least one major body of water. The average elevation range of Croatia is 331 m (1,086 ft).

Neighbors
Total length of land borders of Croatia is 2237 kilometers (~864 miles). Croatia has 6 unique land boundaries with neigbouring territories and it shares its land borders with 5 different countries. Croatia has 1 non-contiguous section of land borders. This happens, when a country has a border with a neighbour, and this border is split by a border with another neighbour. Croatia has 5 neighbouring countries. Its neighbours include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. The lengths of the land borders of Croatia with its neighbouring countries are as follows:

Bosnia and Herzegovina - 932 km (579 mi),
Hungary - 329 km (204 mi),
Montenegro - 25 km (16 mi),
Serbia - 241 km (150 mi),
Slovenia - 670 km (416 mi).
Cities
The capital city of Croatia is Zagreb. The largest city in Croatia is Zagreb.

Elevation
The average elevation range of Croatia is 331 m (1,086 ft). The highest point of Croatia is Dinara, with its official height being 1831 m (6,008 ft). The lowest point of Croatia is Adriatic Sea. The elevation difference between the highest (Dinara) and lowest (Adriatic Sea) points of Croatia is 1831 m (2 ft).

Area
The total land area of Croatia is 56,594 km˛ (approx. 21,851 mi˛). and the total exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is 59,032 km˛ (~22,792 mi˛). The continental shelf of Croatia is approximately 50,277 km˛ (around 19,412 mi˛). Including land mass and EEZ, the total area of Croatia is approximately 115,626 km˛ (~44,643 mi˛). Croatia is considered to be a large nation because of its total area.

Forest and arable land
24,901 km˛ of Croatia's territory is covered in forests, and forest land comprises 44% of all the land in the country. There are 14,566 km˛ of arable land in Croatia, and it comprises 26% of the country's total territory.

Read our section on climate to discover what parameters affect these and other biomes of the country.

Natural resources
The most notable natural resources found in Croatia are oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower.

20.07.2024. u 11:04 • 0 Komentara • Print • #

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