Circus
Retrieved 9 November 2013. Astley was followed by , whose feats of horsemanship had much to do with establishing the traditions of the circus, which were perpetuated by Henglers and Sangers celebrated shows in a later generation. After the War of 1812, circus owners replaced the permanent equestrian type shows with rolling shows that pitched their tents on village greens. The allegations of elephant abuse prompted municipalities around the country to ban elephant bullhooks — a sharp metal tool used by handlers — or to prohibit wild animal performances altogether, as Los Angeles recently moved to do.
A History of the Circus. The circus was the only public spectacle at which men and women were not separated.
Circus - Feld stated that this action was not a result of the allegations by animal rights groups, but rather due to the patchwork of local laws regarding whether elephants could be used in entertainment shows.