Marketing
The use of plastics in automobiles
China's auto market has been rapid development in recent years, the frequency of auto product replacement gradually accelerated, the growing number of scrapped cars, recycling market has great potential. Automobile industry is a typical resource-intensive industry, with a long industrial chain, involving a wide range of industry characteristics, but also need to practice green development, attention to the recovery of scrap cars.
To improve the level of recycling technology for end-of-life vehicles has a crucial role in changing the extensive development mode of the scrapped automobile industry, reducing the bearing pressure of the environment and the resource cost of the industry. However, there are still some problems such as the technical level of scrapped vehicle recycling and dismantling in China, the single mode of dismantling business and the unclear responsibility of producer extension, which restricts the transformation and upgrading of the industry and is not conducive to the comprehensive utilization of scraped vehicles. On the whole, the scrap car recycling level is not high mainly by four factors.
First, the regulatory requirements lag, is not conducive to industry development
To curb the assembly vehicle behavior, "scrapped vehicle recycling management approach" (State Council Decree No. 307) requirements, scrapped cars "five assembly" must be destroyed as scrap steel for sale. At the beginning of the enactment of laws and regulations, this requirement is very necessary, but with the development of the situation, this requirement makes some better car scrapped cars "five assembly" can not be re-manufacturing and other ways to re-circulation, Solution enterprise and remanufacturing enterprise development space, is not conducive to scrapped cars get effective recycling.
Second, the lack of producer responsibility, lack of technical support
Developed countries in the automotive industry are required to bear the car manufacturers to scrap the main responsibility for recycling dismantling, to carry out eco-design, dismantling dismantling enterprises to provide technical support to participate in recycling network construction, in order to facilitate the effective recovery of scrapped cars, fine Of dismantling and reuse. However, at present, most automobile manufacturers in our country are not involved in the design of the product's dismantleability, recyclable design consideration, product material identification system implementation is not in place, the actual recycling process for the back-end is not involved.
The use of plastics in automobiles
Third, the establishment of the vehicle scrapped information sharing mechanism, a large number of scrapped cars
At present, China's scrap car recycling dismantling enterprises in accordance with the price of iron and steel scrap for economic compensation, the price is far lower than the price of some informal traders. And most of our provinces and cities for the scrapped the formal retirement of the vehicle has not yet formed the relevant units, "the upper and lower linkage and effective coordination" of the regulatory mechanism, the future should improve the relevant measures to share scrapped information to promote the scrapped cars into the regular recycling channels. For example, for the vehicle to reach the retirement standard limit transfer; in the replacement of new cars, if the owners have scrapped the car under the name of the formal retirement, not on the license and the relevant procedures.
Fourth, the use of high value-added low level of constraints to enhance economic efficiency
At present, China's scrap car recycling is still the main sales of scrap steel, steel prices continue to fall lead to scrap car recycling industry profit level is low, or even into a loss. In addition, the scrapped cars in the recovery of non-metallic materials is also very unsatisfactory, fine separation of the low level of waste of resources is more serious. The sales of reusable parts is the main way to increase the added value of scrapped vehicles. In China, because of the limitation of laws and regulations, the lack of reusable standard and the low market acceptability, the reuse parts have not been effectively used. recycle and re-use.
Car manufacturers for the automotive product structure, material composition, dismantling technology, the best understanding of the producer as the product recovery and recovery of the main responsibility can effectively promote the industrial chain to enhance the level of recycling and reduce the product life cycle of the negative impact of the environment . EU and other developed areas of the automotive industry through the implementation of the automobile industry in the extension of the producer responsibility system, give full play to the producers in the product scrap recycling important role in greatly promoting the effective use of vehicle resources, and significantly reduce the product life cycle Environmental pollution.
The European Union introduced in 2000 2000/53 / EC (ELV directive) introduced the extension of the producer responsibility system, requiring automobile manufacturers to carry out easy recovery, easy dismantling design, limit of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium The use of harmful substances involved in the construction of scrap car recycling network, announced vehicle dismantling technical information. ELV Directive on the extension of responsibility for the production of automotive products, the requirements for improving vehicle recyclability, and promote the collection and recycling of discarded vehicles, reducing the impact of the product has played a significant role in promoting the environment.
China issued in 2015, "the management of hazardous substances and recyclable vehicle requirements" (hereinafter referred to as "management requirements"), provides since January 1, 2016, the M1 class of automotive products lead, mercury, cadmium, six Price of chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other six kinds of hazardous substances and recyclable rate of the implementation of management, and require automobile manufacturers within the prescribed period to dismantle the dismantling of vehicles dismantling dismantling vehicle technology information. "Management requirements" clearly the automotive product manufacturers in hazardous substances with restricted use, recyclable rate control, dismantling information release and other responsibilities for the promotion of China's automobile enterprises to establish and improve the management of hazardous substances and recycling-related security system, Reduce the use of harmful substances, improve the level of recycling can have a positive effect.
Comparing with the successful experience in the polyethylene recycling industry of developed countries such as the European Union, China has not yet put forward definite requirements on the extension of the responsibility of the producers of automobile products, although the regulation of the harmful substances and recyclable rate of automobile products Production enterprises failed to play a major role in the recycling process of scrapped vehicles, participate in the construction of scrapped vehicle recycling system, and then the R & D and application of resource-based technology, the overall level of comprehensive utilization of scrap resources has yet to be improved. China should set up automobile production enterprises as the leading automotive product recycling industry system as soon as possible, implement the producer responsibility extension system, promote the upgrading and transformation of the industry, in order to prepare for the large-scale arrival of scrapped cars.
In view of the problems existing in the recycling of scrapped cars in China, the author thinks that we should proceed from four aspects.
First, from the regulatory level, it is recommended as soon as possible on the "scrapped vehicle recycling management approach" to amend, abolish the scrapped car "five assembly" must be destroyed as scrap steel sales restrictions, while drawing on the experience of developed countries in Europe developed in China Producer responsibility to extend the relevant laws and regulations, clearly the parties to the responsibility for enterprises to extend the responsibility of producers to provide legal basis and guidance.
Second, from the point of view of government management, it is suggested that all management departments should establish the vehicle scrapping information sharing mechanism to restrict and manage the scrapped vehicles entering the informal channels in all links and increase the scrapping rate of the regular channels.
Third, from the perspective of industry linkage, it is suggested that China's auto manufacturers should actively participate in the pilot extension of styrofoam densifier producer responsibility of automobile products, give full play to the leading role of automobile manufacturers, and explore a variety of producer responsibility extensions such as direct recovery, joint recovery, Embodiment.
Fourth, from the perspective of technology upgrading, it is recommended that automobile manufacturers and enterprises engaged in the recycling of end-of-life automobile products should cooperate in the development and application of advanced and applicable technologies for styrofoam recycling and utilization, and establish cooperative mechanisms for automobile manufacturers, recycling enterprises and resource recycling enterprises , Focusing on breaking green car dismantling technology, the old parts remanufacturing technology, automotive reuse of high value-added technology, open up the upstream and downstream industry chain, the real realization of the recycling of waste vehicle resources.
Post je objavljen 13.10.2016. u 08:57 sati.