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Argynnis hyperbius
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Indian Fritillary

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Subfamily: Argynninae
Genus: Argynnis
Species: A. hyperbius
Binomial name
Argynnis hyperbius
Linnaeus, 1763
Synonyms

* Argyreus hyperbius

The Indian Fritillary Argynnis hyperbius is butterfly of the Nymphalid or Brush-footed Butterfly family.
Male: Upperside: fore wing rich orange-yellow, hind wing paler yellow, with the following black markings: Fore wing: cell with a basal short transverse streak, a medial broad oval loop, its outer margin sinuous; a broad transverse streak beyond cell not reaching the median nervure; a broad streak along the disco-cellulars; a zigzag discal series of large spots, angulated outwardly in interspace 4, inwardly in interspace 2, a minute spot at base of interspace 1 ; a somewhat diffuse large postdiscal spot below the costa in interspace 6; a postdiscal sinuous series of round spots, those in interspaces 1 and 4 very small; an inner complete subterminal sinuous series of round spots; an outer subterminal line, widening on the veins, and a terminal slender line. Hind wing: a basal, transverse, obscure narrow mark in cell, another above it in interspace 7, a transverse lunule across the middle of the cell; a small spot outwardly bordering the lower discocellular; a discal series of transverse spots from interspaces 1 to 7, sinuous posteriorly; a postdiscal series of five spots in interspaces 2 to 6 ; a subterminal series of somewhat lunular spots; finally, a narrow band on term en traversed posteriorly by a series of blue, anteriorly by a series of ochraceous lunules. Underside fore wing pale terracotta-red, shading into ochraceous towards the apex, the apex broadly suffused with that colour; markings as on the upperside, with the following exceptions:—subcostal spot in interspace 6, upper two spots of postdiscal series, upper four spots of the inner subterminal series, and the anterior portions of the outer subterminal and of the terminal line olivaceous brown; the upper two postdiscal spots centred with white, with a white spot on each side; the upper four spots of the sub terminal series connate, forming a short curved band. Hind wing variegated with ochraceous, olivaceous-brown and silvery-white markings, the last for the most part narrowly margined on the outer side by short black lines; the veins prominently pale ochraceous; the medial silvery markings form a well-marked sinuous discal series, followed by a curved postdiscal series of five olivaceous round spots; each spot and the olivaceous-brown quadrate patch near base of cell with a minute white central spot; a slender black subterminal line widening at the veins, as on the fore wing, followed by an ochraceous narrow lunular band and an outer slender black anticiliary line; the subterminal black line margined on the inner side by a series of: slender white lunules, bordered inwardly by a series of broad olivaceous-brown markings in the interspaces. Antennae brown above, ochraceous red beneath; head, thorax and abdomen olivascent tawny; beneath, palpi, thorax and abdomen pale ochraceous.

Female similar. Differs from the male as follows:—Upperside: apical half of fore wing from about the middle of the costa obliquely to just above the tornus black, inwardly suffused with purple, crossed by a broad white band from costa to the sub-terminal series of black spots; four preapical white spots, the upper three bordering on each side and above a very obscure ocellus scarcely visible on the black background, an inner and an outer subterminal transverse series of slender white lunules. Underside: fore wing markings similar to those on the upperside, but the apex of the wing beyond the white oblique band ochraceous green. Hind wing as in the male, but the markings slightly broader. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male,the abdomen paler beneath.

Expanse 80-98 mm.

Var. taprobana, Moore, is a slightly darker race from Ceylon, with markings similar in both sexes to those of hyperbius. Moore, however, states that taprobana is an intermediate between the S. Indian form (castetsi) and typical hyperbius specimens from Ceylon that I have been able to examine do not- differ from Upper India, Assam, and Burmese specimens, except in the very slightly darker ground-colour on the upperside.[1]

Race castetsi, Oberthur.—The females of this remarkable form seem to be locally dimorphic. Male Closely resembles the male of hyperbius but differs as follows:—Upperside: ground-colour a richer brighter shade of orange-yellow; black markings similar but distinctly smaller, of a deeper black: subtcrminal transverse series of slender lunules traversing the terminal black margin on the hind wing of the same shade of orange-yellow as the groundcolour, not blue on the posterior half of the wing. Underside: the olivaceous brown at apex of fore an

Tuesday, July 5, 2011, I cycled 32km from Lake Cowichan (The Foot) to Duncan, BC. Bernice and her friend, Betty, drove me and my ride to the Foot and then they returned to Duncan to shop-the-day-away. Summer has hit the valley (that be: Cowichan Valley) with a vengeance so the weather was severe clear with balmy temperatures around 25*C.

After departing the Foot at 11:00 a.m., I arrived in downtown Duncan three hours later. It took 90-minutes to cover the first 17km to Paldi on the all-new, Cowichan Valley Trail. Again, the shade of the gazebo beside the Paldi Sikh Temple invited me to sit there and reflect upon the life of one Rajindi Mayo while enjoying my soon-to-be-world-famous, egg-salad sandwich.

Upon crossing Sherman Rd at the end of the trail, the main objective became where to find the trailhead for the soon-to-be-completed, Duncan-commons Trail. This trail -- which is completed in sections -- primarily follows the E&N Railway tracks to join the City of Duncan with one of Vancouver Island's largest shopping complexes: Duncan Commons Mall.
Cycling eastward on Lane Road brought me to Averill Creek Park. This park is adjacent to The Commons and is roughly at the site of the former, Hayward Junction.

Hayward Junction was the eastern terminus of the railline just cycled: the 18.4-mile, E&N Cowichan subdivision. Hayward Junction derived its name it part as it was the junction of the E&N Mainline (Esquimalt to Nanaimo) and the newly built line to Lake Cowichan in 1925.

The locals did not seem to know as much about the new Duncan Commons Trail as I did. Most of half-dozen persons queried had never heard of it. Go figure. After cycling the E&N mainline toward Duncan for a while (we are familiar with this section of rail as we've walked it in the past),
I happened upon a survey crew who were (guess what?) surveying for the new trail! They knew exactly where and how I could pickup the new trail heading into Duncan.

My wife and I both have cellular phones so she knew her shopping trip was over and the cycling journey had been completed successfully. What a great ride! What a great trail!