Solid boards, usually 3/4" thick and 3" to 8" wide designed to be installed in parallel rows. Originally were square edged planks, but as machining of wood became available, a tongue & groove were applied for a better fit and use of flooring.
Boards 3 inches and wider.
Firs (Abies) are a genus of 48–55 species of evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. They are found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, occurring in mountains over most of the range.
An evergreen coniferous tree with upright cones and flat needle-shaped leaves, typically arranged in two rows. Firs are an important source of timber and resins
nonresinous wood of a fir tree
any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas
Dingman's Ferry Bridge - HDR
"The Dingman's Ferry Bridge is the last privately owned toll bridge on the Delaware River and one of the last few in the United States. It is owned and operated by the Dingmans Choice and Delaware Bridge Company."
"In 1735, Andrew Dingman, a Dutch pioneer from Kinderhook, New York, operated a ferry that connected the Old Mine Road in Sussex County, New Jersey to the Bethany Turnpike (now PA Route 739) in Delaware Township in Pike County. The ferry thrived for over a century as pioneers utilized this important river crossing to move westward. Crossing on the ferry took some time; the ferryman on the western (Pennsylvania) bank had to be summoned by a bell on the eastern (New Jersey) shore.
A house was built near the present-day bridge in 1803 by Judge Daniel W. Dingman, who was said to hold court in his bare feet. Still standing, the house is on the State and National historic registers.
[edit]History
[edit]The First Bridge
In 1836, the first bridge was built by the Dingmans. Under the terms of its charter, churchgoers, schoolchildren, and funeral processions were given free passage, a condition that is still in effect today.
The first bridge lasted until 1847 when high water washed away the Milford Bridge upstream and swept the debris into Dingman's Bridge.
[edit]The Second, Third and Fourth Bridges
After a brief life, the second bridge was destroyed four or five years after the first, in a severe windstorm.
A third bridge was constructed in 1856, but, being of poor quality, it fell apart by 1862. The ferry was operated once again by the Dingmans until the property was sold in 1875 to John W. Kilsby, Sr. Kilsby's family operated the ferry until the turn of the twentieth century when the current bridge was constructed using some materials recycled from a railroad bridge on the Susquehanna River. This bridge has survived major floods in 1903, 1955, 2005, and 2006.
[edit]Later years
Dingman named his original plot of land Dingman's Choice. The village of Dingman's Choice, which became quite identified with the ferry, had its name changed by the Post Office to Dingman's Ferry in 1868.
Records from an early log book show tolls of 40 cents for a horseless carriage, 25 cents for a two-horse wagon, 10 cents for a horse and rider, 5 cents for a bicycle, and 2 cents for a footman. Under the terms of the original charter, no toll was charged for individuals traveling to church or a funeral, a custom which is still practiced presently[1]
[edit]The Present
Today, the bridge provides an important link for commuters to reach destinations in New Jersey and New York City. The bridge lies south of the current Milford Bridge, and well north of the Interstate 80 bridge at the Delaware Water Gap. As such, it is in a location which caters well to the commuter lifestyle of many area residents of Delaware Township, Dingman Township, and other surrounding communities.
Today's tolls are not much higher than previously noted. Automobiles pay $1.00. Books of forty coupons can be purchased from the toll collector for $20.00. This effectively lowers the toll to 50 cents if the entire book of coupons is used. (Even though they are paper and not coin, these coupons are known locally as "bridge tickets".) Bicyclists may cross for free, but pedestrians are not allowed due to the narrow lanes. An 11 foot height restriction coupled with a weight restriction of four tons precludes large RVs and trucks from crossing. Although the bridge is within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, government employees pay the toll, unless responding to an emergency with lights and sirens on. A breakdown of all current tolls can be found on the bridge's website. The bridge is one of only two bridges that charges a toll to enter New Jersey, along with the Delaware River-Turnpike Toll Bridge on the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Turnpikes.
Christmas Day is the only day of the year which finds the toll booth unmanned; everyone may cross for free. Dingman's Bridge is also remarkable in that there is a single toll collector who stands in between the single lanes of traffic, collecting toll fees by hand.
[edit]Maintenance
Because the Bridge Company is responsible for its own repairs, it employs an engineering firm certified for bridge inspection to regularly and thoroughly inspect the bridge from the tops of the trusses to the underwater foundations. Each year, the bridge company closes the bridge the second week after Labor Day to conduct any repairs needed to maintain the structural integrity of the bridge and to replace or flip the salt-treated Canadian fir planks. These floor boards are held in place with anchor plates and collar nails which results in a characteristic rattling of the deck with the traffic moving." Wikepedia
A veiw of the National Gallery from Parliament Hill.
The official opening of the building was May 21, 1988. The museum is located at the corner of Sussex Drive and St. Patrick Street, in Downtown Ottawa.
The exhibition space 12 400 m2, while the public and other space 34 221 m2 for a total space of 46 621 m2
The architect was Moshe Safdie.
The building materials are as follows:
The Granite. The interior and exterior of the building is variegated rose granite, flame-finished to give it texture. It comes from a hillside quarry 20 kilometres north of Tadoussac, Quebec. The grey granite used in interiors of the building comes from Peribonka, Quebec. The charcoal-grey stone in the Garden Court in the centre of the Canadian and European Art galleries, as well as the stone in the courtyard of the Contemporary Art galleries, comes from Zimbabwe; it is known as Impala.
Wood. The floors of the Contemporary Art Galleries are of Canadian maple, coated with a special acrylic from Sweden. The wide-plank maple flooring of the Rideau Street Convent Chapel, stained dark brown, comes from Michigan. The Canadian Galleries have floors and door frames of red oak from the southern United States. The flooring of the Special Exhibitions and European Galleries is white oak from the United States. The altars (originals) of the Chapel are of cherry; the new wainscotting of this Chapel is of oak; the cherry in the Library comes from North Carolina. The ceiling (original) of the Chapel is of bass-wood, and pine. The superstructure, from which hangs the ceiling of the Chapel, is of Douglas fir.
Concrete. All of the precast concrete work for the National Gallery of Canada was done in Montreal. The formwork for concrete poured on site came from British Columbia.
Steel. Steel in the new building comes from Hamilton. The glass and steel doors are from Minnesota.
Glass. Glass in the skylights, and throughout the building, comes from Ontario. All glass is double glazed and contains a layer of plastic to prevent transmission of sound.