|
|
ponedjeljak, 20.04.2020.
1361. godina
1361. g. (Shohei 16) Snježne padaline su bile neobično
jake; a također se dogodio i katastrofalan požar u Kyotu
kao i silovit potres kao i bolesti opustošili Kyoto.
1361. g. (Shohei 16) Sasaki Ujiyori osnovao je Eigen-ji,
zen budistički hram smješten u današnjoj prefekturi
Shiga, a njen prvi opat bio je Jakushitsu Genko (1290-1368)
vidi, Eigen-ji (Shiga-ken)
Osnivač Eigen-ji zen hrama, zen majstor Jakushitsu Genko (1290-1368)
(posmrtno ime, Enno Shoto Kokushi)
Jakushitsu Genko rođen je 15. svibnja 1290. u
današnjoj prefekturi Okayama. Rečeno je da je
njegov otac mogao pratiti svoju lozu do uglednog klana
Fujiwara. U dobi od 13 godina odlučio se posvetiti zen
praksi i počeo trenirati u hramu Tofuku-ji u Kyotu. Dvije
godine kasnije u dobi od 15 godina položio je zavjete
da će postati svećenik.
Kada je imao 16 godina, postao je učenik pod zen
majstorom Yakuo Tokkenom u Kamakuri. Kao mladić
imao je stvarnu sklonost za zen učenja i da je, zajedno
sa svojom žestokom odlučnošću da uči, postigao
prosvjetljenje satorija u dobi od 18 godina.
U dobi od 31 godine otišao je u Kinu studirati, učeći od
zen majstora u hramovima diljem zemlje. Od tog broja,
učenja u samoći Zhongfenga Mingbena, zen majstora u
Tianmu Shanu blizu Hangzhoua, bila su duboko utjecajna.
Zhongfeng je bio svećenik koji mu je dao ime Jakushitsu.
Vratio se u Japan u dobi od 37 godina i izbjegavao je
sve što ima veze s hramovima koje je sponzorirala
država i zen majstorima koji su posjedovali moć i utjecaj,
umjesto toga odlučio je lutati u samoći po cijeloj zemlji,
da bi na kraju nastavio svoju obuku za zen živeći kao
pustinjak u maloj kolibi u planine.
Živjeti u ovom samotnom postojanju pokazalo se
plodnim za maštu, jer je Jakushitsu napisao svoju
najbolju poeziju u to vrijeme. Njegove jednostavne,
ali lijepe pjesme sakupljene su u Jakushitsu-roku,
antologiji objavljenoj nakon njegove smrti. Njegova
poezija imala je značajan utjecaj na Gozan Bungaku –
književnost Pet planina – pjesme koje su proizveli glavni
zen monaški centri u Kyotu i Kamakuri.
U dobi od 71 godine, Sasaki Ujiyori, gospodar domene
Omi, zamolio ga je da služi kao osnivač hrama Eigen-ji.
Kako je njegova slava rasla, od Jakushitsua su i carski
dvor i šogunat zamoljeni da postane opat u hramovima
Tenryu-ji i Kencho-ji – koji su oba bila hramovi pod
pokroviteljstvom države – ali je on u oba navrata odbio.
Jakushitsu je preminuo 1. rujna 1367. U njegovoj oporuci
stajalo je: “Nakon što umrem, zgrade i zemljište Eigen-jija
trebaju biti vraćeni gospodaru domene. Svatko bi trebao
napustiti mjesto i otići i živjeti tihim, samotnim životom u
planinama u skladu s Buddhinim učenjima. Međutim,
ako se to ne dogodi, dopustit ću da Eigen-ji ostane i da
se koristi kao mjesto za zen trening.”
Tadašnji car dodijelio mu je posmrtno ime Enno Zenji
1368., a car Hirohito posmrtno ime Shoto Kokushi 1928.
kao znak poštovanja prema njegovim moralnim vrlinama u
životu. Njegovi spisi označeni su kao važno kulturno dobro.
1362. godina
1362. g. (Shohei 17) Hosokawa Kiyouji
(gore) i Kusunoki Masanori (dole) napadaju Kyoto,
Ashikaga Yoshiakira bježi, ali vraća glavni
grad za dvadeset dana.
Masanori Kusunoki, bio je Masanari-jevo dijete koje se
nastavilo boriti za mir.
1362. g. Kyoto napadnut. Yoshiakira pobjegao s
carem Go-Kogonom. Nakon 20-ak dana Yoshiakira
se vratio u Kyoto, naravno ne bez borbe.
gore, Kiyouji Hosokawa (13??-1362), rođak koji se
pobunio protiv Ashikaga shogunata i suočio se s
Hosokawom Yoriyuki-jem čime je ugrozio njegov položaj
u odnosu na Južni dvor.
1362. g. (Joji 1) Era počinje s Ashikagom Yoshiakirom
koji kontrolira Kyoto.
1365. g. (Joji 4) Sin cara Go-Daigo-a, princ Kaneyoshi
(također poznat kao Kanenaga) preuzima kontrolu nad
Kykshkom.
1367. g. (Joji 6) KantM KubM Ashikaga Motouji umire;
Ashikaga Yoshiakira se razboli i ustupi svoj položaj svom sinu.
1368. g. (Joji 7, siječanj) Umro je 02. Ashikaga shogun Ashikaga
Yoshiakira (gore, r. 1330). Zamijenio ga je 9-godišnji sin
Yoshimitsu (1358-1408) kao 3. shogun Ashikaga shogunata (do 1394).
gore, 03. Ashikaga shogun Yoshimitsu (1358-1408)
gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana
1368. g. Umro je car Go-Murakami (gore) u provinciji Settsu.
Naslijedio ga je sin Chokei (1343-1394, vidi dolje)
koji je vladao kao 98. car do 1383. godine.
gore, car. obitelj. stablo od 81. cara Antoku-a
(vladao, 1181-1183) do 102. cara Go-Hanazono-a (1429-1464)
1368-1394. g. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358-1408) postao je 03. shogun Ashikaga
shogunata. Regent (kanrei) mu je bio 70-ih godina
14. st. Hosokawa Yoriyuki (1329-1392), daimyo i
saveznik Ashikaga klana. Bio je jedna od ključnih
figura režima kenmon («moćna kuća», vladajuća kuća,
u razdoblju Muromachi). Bio je moćni zastupnik interesa
daimyoa u vijećima Ashikage i tako je zastupao interese
pokrajinskih velikaša u vrijeme stvaranja novog poretka.
vidi, Totman, str. 163;
1370-1372. g. Kentoku period
1370. g. Kineski vladari dinastije Ming (1368-1466),
pobjedivši Mongole i u nadi da će pokoriti gusare,
šalju poslanstvo za uspostavu službenih odnosa sa
Japanom koji je trebao plaćati poreze Kini.Kanenaga
je dočekao kinesko poslanstvo na Kyushuu i, nakon
početnog izmotavanja,dogovorio za sebe titulu
«Kralj Japana»-isto kao što je lokalna vladarica
Himiko dobila naslov »Kraljica Wu» više od 1000
godina prije njega,što je bilo na obostranu korist,
njegovu i dinastije Ming. Da bi osujetili udruživanje
Kanenage sa dinastijom Ming,vladari Muromachija
poslali su svojeg najboljeg zapovjednika, Imagawu
Ryoshuna da osvoji otok Kyushu, pokori gusare i
tim postupkom dobre volje poveže dinastiju Ming sa
Kyotom. Ryoshun je uspio u svojoj zadaći i omogućio
Ashikagi uspostavu veza s Kinom, što je pridonijelo
razvitku trgovine. Time je onemogućen još jedan
pokušaj samostaljivanja otoka Kyushu.
vidi, Totman, str. 161-162;
1371-1382. g. Go-En'yu (1359-1393) vladao kao 5. car
sjev. dinastije. Bio je sin 4. cara sjev. din. i otac slijedećeg
cara sjev. din. Go-Komatsua (1377-1433) koji će biti
posljednji car sjev. din. i 100. jap. car jer će se dva dvora
ponovo ujediniti.
gore, car. obitelj. stablo od 81. cara Antoku-a
(vladao, 1181-1183) do 102. cara Go-Hanazono-a (1429-1464)
1371. g. (kolovoz) Bakufu vojska organizirala
ekspediciju na Kyushu, gdje je bio najači otpor
vojnoj vladi-Bakufuu.
1372-1375. g. Bunchu period
1375-1381. g. Tenju period
1378. g. Yoshimitsu dao izgraditi novo sjedište
shogunata u Muromachi kvartu u Kyotu,Hana no
Gosho (Palača cvijeća).
1379. g. Yoriyuki napustio položaj desne ruke daimyoa, kanrei.
1381-1384. g. Kowa period
gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 81. maloljetnog
cara Antokua (1180-1183) do 102. cara Go-Hanazono-a
(1428-1464); ovdje možemo vidjeti i redoslijed careva
sjeverne dinastije od 01. cara Kogona (1331-1333) do
6. cara Go-Komatsu-a (1383-1392) koji je ujedno i
100. jap. car čime se dvor ponovo ujedinio
1383-1392. g. Vladao je 99. jap. car Go-Kameyama (?-1424).
Car sjev. dinast. Go-En'yu je abdicirao. Naslijedit će ga 6-godišnji sin
Go-Komatsu (vidi dolje).
1383-1412. g. Vladao Go-Komatsu (1377-1433) od 1383. do 1392. kao 6. i
posljednji car sjev. din. i 100. jap. car od 1392. do 1412. godine.
gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 100. cara Go-Komatsua koji je ujedno i
6. i posljednji car sjeverne dinastije do 106. jap. cara Ogimachi-ja
1384-1390. g. Genchu period
1384. g. Jofukuji castle was built by Nobushige Oishi (1336-1424).
A mountain castle with a castle ruin to the north of
Hachioji Castle in the suburbs of Hachioji City.
Originally, it was the castle of Mr. Oishi, the lord of the
national government, and it is said that it was used as
a branch castle when Mr. Hojo built Hachioji Castle.
It is an old type of mountain castle that uses steep
thin ridges and is protected by a neck ditch and a
vertical moat, but it is large in scale by incorporating
multiple ridges.
vidi,
kagawa gallery
1386. g. Kina je protjerala japanske diplomate iz Kine,
jer su jap. gusari nekoliko godina unazad pljačkali okolo.
Odnosi su zahladjeli i prekinuti su.
1389-1390. g. Yasuyuki Toki's Ran
vidi,
Yasuyuki Toki's Ran - Sword World
gore, karta Japana iz godine 1390. sa položajima lokalnih moćnika
1390-1394. Meitoku period
1391. g. Meitoku no Ran
vidi,
Meitoku no Ran - Sword World
1391. g. Yoriyuki se vratio u Kyoto i ponovo preuzeo dužnost Kanreija.
1392. g. Spojila su se i pomirila dva dvora. Go-Komatsu je postao jedini car.
vidi, Northern & Southern Dynasties - Sword World
gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 100. cara Go-Komatsua koji je ujedno i
06. i posljednji car sjeverne dinastije do 106. jap. cara Ogimachi-ja
gore, car. obitelj. stablo od 81. cara Antoku-a
(vladao, 1181-1183) do 102. cara Go-Hanazono-a (1429-1464)
1394-1428. g. Oei period
1394-1481.g. Živio je jedan od najvećih japanskih zen majstora Ikkyu Sojun (gore & dole).
vidi Ikkyu, wikipedia, eng.
1394. g. Yoshimitsu shogun (ovaj gore) otišao u mirovinu. Zamijenio ga je 9-godišnji sin Yoshimochi
(1386-1428., vidi dolje), kao 4. Ashikaga shogun (1394-1423).
gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana
1397. g. Yoshimitsu dao napraviti Kinkaku-ji (Zlatni
paviljon). Isprva je služio kao ljetnikovac umirovljenog
shoguna, da bi nakon njegove smrti (1408), njegov sin
Yoshimochi poklonio Kinkaku-ji, školi zena Rinzai, koja
ga je nazvala Rokuon-ji. Hram je gorio nekoliko puta
za vrijeme Onin ratova. Godine 1950. u njemu se zapalio
jedan zen redovnik, te je hram izgorio. Ponovo je podignut
1955.godine. Iduće godine (1956) jap. pisac Yukio
Mishima objavio je roman «Kinkaku-ji», koji je preveden
na srpski jezik; za hrvatski jezik nisam siguran (?).
gore, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, 3. shogun Ashikaga shogunata
gore i dolje, Rokuon-ji, poznatiji kao Kinkaku-ji tj. Zlatni paviljon
gore, Yoshimitsu i njegov Zlatni paviljon;
|
- 12:21 -
Komentari (0) -
Isprintaj -
#
srijeda, 15.04.2020.
1401. godina
1401. g. (Oei 8, 2nd month) The Imperial Palace
was burned.
1401. g. bivši Shogun (1368-1394) Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
(1358-1408) poslao je delegaciju u Kinu i uspostavio
ponovo vezu između dviju zemalja.
1401 g. (Oei 8) Yoshimitsu sends a diplomatic mission
to the court of the Jianwen Emperor of China as a
tentative first step in re-initiating trade between Japan
and Ming China. The letter conveyed to the Emperor of
China was accompanied by a gift of 1000 ounces of gold
and diverse objects.
1402. godina
1402. g. kolovoz Kineska delegacija došla je u Japan
gdje su se vidjeli sa shogunom Yoshimitsuom i proglasili
Yoshimitsua Kraljem Japana.
1402 g. (Oei 9) A letter from the Jianwen Emperor of
China was received by Yoshimitsu; and this formal
communication mistakenly accords the title "king of
Japan" to the Japanese shogun.
1402. g. (Oei 9) Uprising in Mutsu suppressed.
1404. godina
1404. g. (Oei 11) Ashikaga Yoshimitsu appointed Nippon
Koku-O (King of Japan) by Chinese emperor.
1404. g. Start of the Japan-Ming trade
gore, Harutora, sin Ashikage Yoshimitsua (1358-1408) 03. Ashikaga shoguna (1368-1394) kao Kozo;
Harutora (kasnije poznat kao Ashikaga Yoshinobu, od 1429. Ashikaga Yoshinori (1394-1441) &
06. shogun Ashikaga shogunata) koji je sa 10 godina (1404) postao budistički redovnik (1404-1429)
1408. godina
1408. g. (Oei 15) Ashikaga Yoshimitsu dies.
1408. g. umro je Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (r. 1358)
1408. g. (Oei 15) Ashikaga Yoshimochi (1386-1428)
comes into his own as a shogun (1394-1423)
gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana
1409. godina
1409. g. (Oei 16, 3rd month) An ambassador from the Joseon court was received in Kyoto.
1409. g. (0ei 16) Ashikaga Mochiuji (1398-1439)
becomes Kanto kubo (1409-1439).
1411. godina
1411. g. Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi prekinuo dobre
odnose sa Kinom, koji su opet uspostavljeni 1434.
godine. Jedini kontakt Japana bio je Shimazu na otoku
Kyushu (tada se zvao Saikaido ), gdje je bila ograničena
trgovina.
1411 (Oei 18) Yoshimochi breaks off relations with China.
1412-1428. g. Vladao je 101. car Shoko (1401-1428).
1412. g. (Oei 19) Emperor Shoko was made the new
sovereign upon the abdication of his father, Emperor
Go-Komatsu (slika dole). His actual coronation date
was two years later. Shoko was only 12 years old when
he began living in the daďri; but Go-Komatsu, as a
Cloistered Emperor still retained direction of the court
and the shogun was charged with the general
superintendence of affairs until his death at age 57 in 1433.
gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 100. cara Go-Komatsua koji je ujedno i
6. i posljednji car sjeverne dinastije do 106. jap. cara Ogimachi-ja
gore, 100. jap. car Go-Komatsu
gore, car. obitelj. stablo od 81. cara Antoku-a
(vladao, 1181-1183) do 102. cara Go-Hanazono-a (1429-1464)
1413. g. (Oei 20) Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi (slika
gore) fell ill, and so he sent an ambassador to the
Ise Shrine (vidi dole) to pray for the return of his health.
1413. g. (Oei 20) Emperor Go-Komatsu (vidi gore)
abdicates; Emperor Shoko (slika dole) ascends throne
in repudiation of agreement; renewed hostility between
shogunate and supporters of Southern Court.
1415. g. (January 29; Oei 21, on the 19th day of the
12th month) Enthronement of Emperor Shoko (slika gore).
1415. g. (Oei 22) Dissension between Ashikaga Mochiuji
(1398-1439; vidi gore), the Kanto Kubo at Kamakura,
and Uesugi Zenshu (Kanrei, u. 1417; slika dole).
1416. godina
1416. g. (Oei 23) Uesugi rebels.
1416. godine kulminirali su pogoršani odnosi između
grana obitelji Ashikaga u Kyotu i Kamakuri, što je
dovelo do stvaranja urota i obnovljenih žestokih
sukoba u Kanto regiji.
vidi, Totman, nav. dij., str. 165;
1417. godina
1417. g. (Oei 24) Uesugi's rebellion quelled by Mochiuji.
1418. g. (Oei 25) Rebuilding of Asama Shrine at the
base of Mount Fuji in Suruga Province is ordered by
Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi (vidi dole).
1419. g. (July 18; Oei 26, 26th day of the 6th month)
Oei Invasion (Oei no gaiko) was a Joseon military
action in Tsushima Province (Tsushima Island).
The Joseon military forces were focused on the
pirates (wako) which had established bases from
which to raid the coastline of the Korean peninsula.
More than 200 ships and 17,000 fighting men took
part in this military expedition.
1420. g. (Oei 27) Serious famine with great loss of life.
1422. g. (Oei 29) Resuragence of southern supporters.
1423. g. (Oei 30, 2nd month) Shogun Yoshimochi
(vidi gore) retires in favor of his son, Ashikaga
Yoshikazu (vidi dole), who is 17 years old.
1423-1425. g. titulu 5. shoguna Ashikaga shogunata
vršio je Ashikaga Yoshikazu (1407-1425). Titulu
shoguna naslijedio je od oca Yoshimochija (1386-1428).
1424. g. (Oei 31) Go-Kameyama dies.
1425. g. (March 17; Oei 32, 27th day of the 2nd month)
Shogun Yoshikazu died at the age of 19 years, having
administered the empire for only three years.
Ashikaga Yoshimochi resumes the responsibilities of office.
|
- 15:30 -
Komentari (0) -
Isprintaj -
#
utorak, 07.04.2020.
1426. godina
1428. godina
1428. g. (Oei 35) Ashikaga Yoshimochi dies; Shoko dies;
Go-Hanazono ascends throne in second repudiation of agreement.
1428-1464. g. Vladao je 102. car Go-Hanazono (1419-1471).
gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 81. maloljetnog
cara Antokua (1180-1183) do 102. cara Go-Hanazono-a
(1428-1464)
gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 100. cara
Go-Komatsua koji je ujedno i 06. i posljednji car sjeverne
dinastije do 106. jap. cara Ogimachi-ja
1428. g. (February 3; Shocho 1, 18th day of the
1st month) Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi,
having taken power again after the death of his
son, dies himself at the age of 43.
1428-1441. g. titulu 06. Ashikaga shoguna nosio je
Ashikaga Yoshinori (1394-1441).
Yoshinori je bio sin 03. Ashikaga shoguna Yoshimitsua
(1358-1408) koji je bio shogun između 1368 i 1394.,
a kasnije opat u hramu Enryaku-ji na planini Hiei
pored Kyota te vrhovni dostojanstvenik budističke
sekte Tendai.
vidi, Totman, nav. dij., str. 166;
za vladavinu Ashikage Yoshinorija, vidi, Totman, nav. dij.
- 20-te i 30-te godine 15. st. - str. 166, 167;
- 40-te godine 15. st. - str. 167;
gore, Ashikaga Yoshinori, 06. shogun Ashikaga shogunata
Yoshinori je bio odlučan poput svoga oca Yoshimitsua,
pravi čovjek u pogrešnom trenutku, kako piše Totman.
Bio je ozbiljan,obrazovan, s iskustvom vođe, odlučan i
beskompromisan. Neki izvori govore da je bio surov i
nemilosrdan. Prije svega, želio je obnoviti i ojačati vlast
shoguna i vratiti joj slavu iz vremena svoga oca.
Majka mu se zvala Fujiwara Keiko.
vidi, Totman, nav. dij., str. 166; Grupa autora,
"Great Historical Figures of Japan", Tokyo, 1978., str. 133;
1428. g. (August; Shocho 1, 7th month) Shocho Uprising begins.
1428. g. (August 30; Shocho 1, 20th day of the
7th month)
Emperor Shoko died at the age of 27. Nihon Odai
Ichiran suggests a cause of death by explaining:
"Ce prince, s'occupait de magie et du culte de
démons, mena une vie pure, et observa
rigoureusement l'abstinence et le jeűne."
This prince, who occupied himself with magic and the
cult of demons, led a pure life, and rigorously
observed abstinence and fasting.
1428. g. (September 7; Shocho 1, 29th day
of the 7th month) Emperor Go-Hanazono accedes
to the throne at age 10.
1429. g. (April 14; Eikyo 1, 9th day of the 3rd month)
Ashikaga Yoshinobu is honored in court; and thereafter,
he is known as Yoshinori.
1429. g. Yoshinori (vidi dole) appointed shogun.
1430. g. Southern army surrenders.
1432. g. Akamatsu Mitsusuke (1381-1441; vidi gore) flees;
shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori (vidi dole) receives rescript from China.
1433. g. (Eikyo 5, 6th month) The Emperor of China
addressed a letter to shogun Yoshinori in which, as a
conventional aspect of the foreign relations of Imperial
China, the Chinese assume that the head of the
Ashikaga shogunate is effectively the "king of Japan".
1433. g. Otomo rebels; Hieizan monks rebel
1434. g. Tosenbugyo established to regulate foreign affairs.
1436. godina
1436. godine rođen je Asikaga Yoshimasa (gore), sin
6. i aktualnog Ashikaga shoguna Yoshinorija i Shigeko
Hino (1411-1463), kći ministra s lijeva Hino
Shigemitsua (1374-1413). Mlađi rođak od Shigeko,
Karasumaru Suketo je postavljen kao staratelj
djeteta, kao i talentirana mlada žena imenom Oima
koja je izabrana iz jedne od obitelji
koje su tradicionalno služile kao nadglednici
shogunova domaćinstva i odgajatelji mladih pokoljenja
toga vremena. Majka Shigeko (čija je obitelj Hino vukla
podrijetlo od klana Fujiwara) također je imala utjecaja
na mladog Yoshimasu (u. 1490) koji će postati 8. Ashikaga shogun (1449-1474).
gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana
1436. godine u požaru je izgorila Yasaka pagoda (Hokan-ji, Kyoto)
1436. g. Yasaka Pagoda at Hokanji in Kyoto destroyed by fire.
1438. g. Kanto Kanrei (Kanto administrator) Ashikaga
Mochiuji rebels against Muromachi shogunate, also
known as Eikyo Rebellion (Eikyo-no-ran)
vidi, Eikyo no Ran (1438) - Sword World
1439. godine Ashikaga Mochiuji izvršio seppuku.
1439. g. Mochiuji is defeated, and he commits suicide;
dissatisfaction with Yoshinori grows.
1440. g. Yasaka Pagoda at Hokanji in Kyoto
re-constructed by shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori.
1441. godine Akamatsu Mitsusuke (1381-1441) ubio je shoguna Yoshinorija;
po nekim izvorima Mitsusuke se zatim ubio sam, a po drugim ubio ga je
Yamana Sozen (1404-1473) (?).
1441. g. Yoshinori (gore) grants Shimazu suzerainty
over Ryukyu Islands; Akamatsu murders Yoshinori-Kakitsu
Incident; Yamana kills Akamatsu.
1441. g. (July 12; Kakitsu 1, 24th day of the 6th month)
Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori (gore) is murdered at age
48 by Akamatsu Mitsusuke who was upset that
Akamatsu Sadaura was made leader of the Akamatsu
clan; and shortly thereafter, Yoshinori's 8-year-old son,
Ashikaga Yoshikatsu (dole), was proclaimed as the
new shogun.
1441. g. (July 12–28) A number of prominent nobles
were also killed defending Shogun Yoshinori directly
through the fighting including Kyogoku Takakazu,
the Shugo of Yamashiro Province and Ouchi Mochiyo
(1394-1441), the head of the Ouchi clan.
1441. g. (Kakitsu 1, 9th month) The murderers of
Ashikaga Yoshinori kill themselves.
gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana
1442-1443. g. Samo dvije godine Ashikaga Yoshikatsu (1434-1443, gore) nosio je
titulu 7. shoguna Ashikaga shogunata. Umro je od posljedica pada s konja u
09. godini života.
1443. g. (Kakitsu 3) A Japanese-Korean diplomatic
agreement (sometimes called the "Kakitsu treaty")
regularized an initial plan for mitigating the damage
caused by pirates (wako). The bilateral agreement
assigned the responsibility for monitoring ships from
Japan en route to Korea. The So clan of Tsushima
han (Tsushima Island) were given the right to license
ships sailing west beyond Tsushima; and this also
encompassed the opportunity to profit from whatever
fees the So might charge.
1443. g. (August 16; Kakitsu 3, 21st day of the 7th
month) Shogun Yoshikatsu (gore) died at the age of 10.
He liked riding horses very much; but he was gravely
injured in a fall from a horse. This was the cause of his
death. He had been shogun for only three years.
His 8-year-old brother, Ashikaga Yoshinari, was then
named shogun. Several years after he became shogun,
Yoshinari (dole) changed his name to Yoshimasa, and
he is better known by that name.
1443. g. (October 16; Kakitsu 3, 23rd day
of the 9th month)
An armed group of rebels penetrated the palace
defenses. A fire was started and one of the men
sought to kill Go-Hanazono, but the emperor
escaped. However, the intruders managed to steal
the Three Sacred Treasures – the mirror, the sword
and the jewel. Later, a guard found the mirror and a
priest found the sword, but the location of jewel was
not known until the 8th month of Bunnan gannen.
1444. g. (Bun'an 1, 1st month) Yoshinari made his
first visit to Kanrei Hatakeyama Motokuni; and on
this occasion, all the avenues along the route to
and from the meeting were highly guarded.
1444. g. (Bun'an 1, 4th month) The inhabitants of the
eastern part of the capital and the western part of the
capital each demanded exclusive rights to sell the
dregs remaining from sake brewing. Crowds gathered
at the Shinto shrine, Kitano Tenman-gk. Kanrei
Motokuni sent troops to arrest the troublemakers,
but they all escaped after having reduced the temple
and much of western Kyoto to cinders.
1444. g. (Bun'an 1, 8th month) One of the Three
Sacred Treasures was found after it had been
missing for several months. The Sacred Jewel had
been stolen in Kakitsu 3, on the 23rd day of the
9th month. Intruders in the palace had managed to
steal all of the Sacred Treasures – the mirror,
the sword and the jewel. Later, a guard found
the mirror and a priest found the sword, but the
location of the jewel remained unknown until
the 8th month of Bun'an gannen.
1445. g. (Bun'an 2, 11th month) The kampaku Nijo
Mochimoto died at age 48. Konoe Fusatsugu and
Ichijo Kaneyoshi became the two primary contenders
for this newly vacated position. The emperor sought
Kanrei Motokuni's counsel before naming Fusatsugu
to be the new kampaku. The dainagon Fujiwara
Tokifusa becomes naidaijin.
1445-1449 Hosokawa Katsumoto (1430-1473), postao je Kyoto kanryo ili kanrei;
vidi, kanrei - namjesnik shogunu iz dinastije Ashikaga u razdoblju Muromachi
(Totman, nav. dij., str. 636);
1445. g. (Bun'an 2, 11th month) Hosokawa Katsumoto was named kanrei at the age of 12.
gore, Hosokawa Katsumoto
1446. g. (Bun'an 3, 11th month) The kampaku
Fusatsugu asked the emperor to relieve him of his
position as sadaijin. The udaijin Takakasa Fusahira
succeeded Fusatsugu as sadaijin; and the dainagon
NijM Mochimichi became udaijin.
1446. g. (Bun'an 3, 11th month) The shogun received
a patent from the emperor by which he learned that his
name of "Yoshinari" had received Imperial approval.
1447. g. (Bun'an 4, 11th month) Yoshinari exercised
regularly to improve the accuracy of his archery,
and his arrows began to hit the center of the target
sometimes.
1448. g. (Bun'an 5, i2nd month) The emperor moved
in procession to visit his father; and the entire route
was guarded by the troops of Hosokawa Katsumoto.
1449-1473. g. Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1435-1490) vršio je dužnost 8. Ashikaga
shogunata. Bio je pod dominacijom mladog daimyoa i namjesnika (1445-1449 i
1452-1464) Hosokawe Katsumota.
vidi, Totman, nav. dij., str 167;
gore, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 08. shogun Ashikaga shogunata
1449. g. (May 8; Hotoku 1, 16th day of the 4th month)
Shogun Yoshinori is honored by the emperor with the
gift of a sword.
1450. godine osnovan je Rinzai zen hram Ryoan-ji.
U ovom hramu živio je Hosokawa Katsumoto do
početka Onin rata (1467-1477).
Svojevremeno na poleđini ulaznice za vrt zen hrama
Ryoan-ji u Kyotu nalazio se ovaj tekst opata (poglavara)
tog hrama Joei Matsukure (1910-1983):
Sjednimo smireno i promatrajmo ovaj vrt pijeska i
kamenova. Soami (Kangaku Shinso, 1480-1525),
glasoviti umjetnik koji ga je stvorio, izražava ovdje
svoje razumijevanje prosvjetljenja u zenu izvanrednom
jednostavnošću, i nisu mu potrebne ni riječi ni pouka da
bi saopćio svoju bezgraničnu poruku. Možemo gledati na
vrt kao na grupu brdskih otoka u velikom oceanu, ili kao
na vrhunce planina što se izdižu nad morem oblaka.
Možemo u njemu vidjeti sliku uokvirenu trošnim starim
zidom, što ga samog za se smatramo nacionalnim
bogatstvom, a možemo i zaboraviti okvir kad osjetimo
istinu ovog mora što se proteže bez kraja.
Soamijeva rječitost govorit će uvijek onima koji na vrt
gledaju nutarnjim očima. Uronuli u taj prizor, mi koji o sebi
mislimo kao o relativnom, ispunjeni smo smirenim
divljenjem kad intuitivno doživljavamo Apsolutno Ja, i
tada su nam pročišćeni koji put okaljani duhovi. U zenu
sve, čak i vlat trave, izražava Definitivnu Realnost.
Tako možemo reći da nam ovaj jednostavni vrt sam po
sebi sugerira apsolutnu vrijednost. Taj je vrt tako duboko
bremenit značenjem, iznad svake usporedbe s drugima u
svijetu, da bi ga bilo ispravnije zvati Mu-tei, Vrt Praznog, ili
Ku-tei, Vrt nepostojanja negoli Seki-tei, Vrt Kamenova.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* iz knjige prof. i akademika Vladimira Devidea (1925-2010), Zen, Zagreb, 1993.,
str. 236 i 237.
Ryoan-ji nalazi se u Kyotu. Sa Kyoto st. do hrama se dolazi
busom br. 52. U blizini hrama prolazi i bus 59. i vozi do
Keihan Sanjo st. Ulaz u hram je 500 yena (oko 30 kuna).
Ryoan-ji je otvoren za posjetioce od 9 ujutro do 16 (17 h) sati.
vidi, Grupa autora, "Japan", lonely planet, str. 393 (1997), 350/351 (2003);
vidi, Ryoan-ji na Flickru
|
- 20:28 -
Komentari (0) -
Isprintaj -
#
srijeda, 01.04.2020.
1451. godina
1451. g. (Hotoku 3, 7th month ) A delegation from
the Ryukyu Islands arrives for the first time in Heian-kyo
(Kyoto). Mention of this diplomatic event is among the
first of its type to be published in the West in an 1832.
French version of Sangoku Tskran Zusetsu (An
Illustrated Description of Three Countries) by Hayashi Shihei.
1451. g. (Hotoku 3, 8th month )
Sogun Yoshihori causes a letter to be sent to the Emperor of China.
1453. g. (Kyotoku 2, 6th month)
The name of the Shogun, "Yoshinari", was
changed to Ashikaga Yoshimasa, which is the
name by which he is more commonly known in modern times.
1454. g. (Kyotoku 3) Ashikaga Shigeuji
orchestrated for the killing of Uesugi Noritada, thus
beginning a series of conflicts for control of the Kanto;
and this event would come to be known as the
Kyotoku no Ran.
1455. g. Kyotoku no Ran
vidi,
Kyotoku no Ran - Sword World
1456. g. (Kosho 2, 3rd month)
Ashikaga Yoshimasa visited Iwashimizu Shrine;
and all the officials of the Daijo-kan joined him in
going there.
1456. g. (Kosho 2, 8th month)
The father of Emperor Go-Hanazono,
Fushimi-no-miya-shinnM Sadafusa, died at age 85.
1457. godina
1457. g. (Choroku 01) Taro Sayemon attempted to
retrieve the Sacred Jewel for Emperor Go-Hanazono;
and he actually did manage to gain possession of it
for a brief time. A counterattack prevented the success
of this dangerous mission in Yoshino.[3] In 1443.
(Kakitsu 3, 23rd day of the 9th month), an armed group
of rebels penetrated the palace defenses. A fire was
started and one of the men sought to kill Emperor
Go-Hanazono, but the emperor escaped. However,
the intruders managed to steal the Sacred Treasures –
the mirror, the sword and the jewel. Later, a guard
found the mirror and a priest found the sword, but
the location of jewel was not known until the 8th
month of Bunnan gannen.
gore, Ota Dokan (1432-1486)
He is general of the latter term of Muromachi era,
the Edo castle (vidi dole) was built in 1457. The scene
where he has requested taking shelter from the rain to
the woman is drawn in this picture.
In the early days of the Warring States period, Edo
Castle during the Ota Dokan period was
reconstructed by imagining it with Mr. Nishimata's
proof. It is estimated that Edo Castle at that time was
the current Edo Castle Honmaru and used the tongue-
shaped plateau facing the Hibiya Inlet. After that,
renovations by Hojo and Tokugawa have been
repeated, and although I can only imagine the
concrete appearance, Mr. Nishimata dropped the
castle construction pattern of Mr. Uesugi in the early
Sengoku period into the topography of Edo Castle,
and restored it with reality. I presented a plan
and illustrated it.
vidi, kagawa gallery
1458. g. (Choroku 2, 8th month) The Sacred Jewel
is retrieved from the former Southern Court. It is
returned to Kyoto to join the other Sacred Treasures
which comprise the Imperial Regalia of Japan.
1459. g. (Choroku 3) Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa
provided a new mikoshi and a complete set of robes
and other accouterments for this festival on the
occasion of repairs to the Atsuta Shrine in the
457-1459 (Choroku 1-3)
60-te godine 15. st. poretka kenmon bile su pune nereda.Svetišta na imanjima shoen
bila su osiromašena i očajna,bakufu nije bio siguran u vlastitom gradu i nije imao nikakvu
vlast nad daimyoima,glavne posjede daimyoa razdirale su frakcijske borbe i ugrožavali
ratnici na nižim položajima,razne druge društvene skupine bile su sve bolje organizirane i
mogle su silom štititi svoje interese.Nastupilo je stanje potpunog političkog laissez faire.
vidi, Totman,nav. dij.,str. 168;
1460. g. (Kansho 1, 9th month) Wakae Castle in
Kawachi Province was destroyed when Hatakeyama
Yoshinari (1437-21 January 1491) was forced out of it.
1461. g. (Kansho 2) Kansho famine was ceased.
1464. g. (August 21; Kanshoo 5, 19th day
of the 7th month)
Go-Hanazono resigned his throne in favor of his son,
who would be known as Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado.
1464-1500. g. Vladao je 103. car Go-Tsuchimikado (1442-1500).
gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 100. cara Go-Komatsua koji je ujedno i
6. i posljednji car sjeverne dinastije do 106. jap. cara Ogimachi-ja
gore & dole, uprizorenje Noh drame 1464, ispred
Zlatnog paviljona (Kinkaku-ji), za shoguna Ashikagu
Yoshimasu; Zlatni paviljon (Kinkaku-ji ili Rokuon-ji) zen
budistički je hram, izgrađen 1397. za umirovljenog
shoguna Ashikagu Yoshimitsu a (živio, 1358-1408;
shogun, 1368-1394); nakon Yoshimitsuove smrti
Zlatni paviljon predan je zen školi; 1950. godine jedan
zen redovnik se zapalio u njemu te su obojica izgorijeli;
hram je ponovo podignut 1955. godine, Yukio Mishima
napisao je roman a snimljen je i igrani film o tom događaju;
1466. g. (Bunsho 1, 1st month) Dainagon Ashikaga
Yoshimi, brother of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa,
was promoted to the second rank of the second class
in the Imperial court hierarchy.
1466. g. (Bunsho 1, 1st month)
Minamoto-no Mitsihisa was replaced as udaijin by
dainagon Fuijwara no Matsatsugu.
Sengoku period, razdoblje zaraćenih zemalja, 1467-1590
1467-1477. g. Traje Oninski rat čime započine period Sengoku tj. "vrijeme
zaraćenih država" i traje do prve polovice 17. st...uvjetno rečeno...
vidi za Onin rat,
Totman, nav. dij., str. 168;
Onin War - Sword World
vidi za Sengoku jidai (period),
Sengoku period, wikipedia
# vidi, važne face Sengoku perioda
gore, Hosokawa Kumamoto (1430-1473), jedan od najodgovornijih za Onin rat
Events of the Onin era
The Onin War This conflict began as a controversy over
who should follow Ashikaga Yoshimasa as shogun after
his retirement – whether it would be his brother (Yoshimi)
or his son (Yoshihisa); but this succession dispute was
merely a pretext for rival groups of daimyos to fight in a
struggle for military supremacy. In the end, there was no
clearcut winner. The complex array of factional armies
simply fought themselves into exhaustion.
1467. g. (Onin 1, 1st month) Yamana Sozen and Hatakeyama Yoshinari took up positions around the Muromachi-dono, the Ashikaga residence in Heian-kyo where the Shogun made his headquarters. They sent for Ashikaga Yoshimi, and they also invited former-Emperor Go-Hanazono and Go-Tsuchimikado to come themselves to Muromachi to witness for themselves that Hosokawa Katsumoto and Hatakeyama Michinaga would be put to death. For his part, Yoshimi first tried to ameliorate the escalating situation. Failing that, Yoshimi ordered Yoshinari to kill Masanaga, but Yoshinari was overpowered and Masanaga fled the capital. These events caused Souzen and Yoshinari to feel afraid of what might happen next.
1467. g. (Onin 1, 1st month)
The nadaijin Sayensi-no Saneto was replaced by
Hino-no Katsumitsi.
1467. g. (Onin 1, 2nd month)
Shiba-no Yoshikado became kanrei; and from this moment forward, the confidence and activities of Katsumoto ceased entirely. He didn't go out at all, and he began to regret that he hadn't joined Masanaga. At the same time, Souzen and Yoshinari despaired as they secretly occupied themselves with preparations for armed confrontation. They informed their clans of their plans, and they began to believe that with support from outside the capital, it would be possible to surmount any number of obstacles.
1467. g. (Onin 1, 5th month)
Nijo Mochimitsi was removed from his role as kampaku,
and IchijM Kaneyoshi became his successor.
___________________________________________________
Higashiyama-dono
The emperor honored Yoshimasa's villa with a special
name – Higashiyama-dono. Construction begins on
the Silver Pavilion, but the work is interrupted by a
range of disruptions associated with the Lnin War.
Significant dates in this evolving crisis were:
1460. g. (Choroku 3) Yoshimasa initiated planning for construction of a retirement villa and gardens as early as 1460; and after his death, this property would become a Buddhist temple called Jisho-ji (also known as Ginkaku-ji or the "Silver Pavilion").
1482. g. (February 21; Bunmei 14, 4th day of the 2nd month) The long-delayed construction of the "Silver Pavilion" is actually commenced.
# izvor, wikipedia (eng)
___________________________________________________
1468. g. (Bunmei 2, 7th month) IchijM Kanera (1402–1481)
was relieved of his duties as kampaku.
1471. g. (January 18; Bunmei 2, 27th day of
the 12th month ) The former Emperor Go-Hanazono died at age 52.
1473. g. (April 16; (Bunmei 5, on the 19th day of
the 3rd month) Yamana SMzen died at age 70
1473-1489. godine Ashikaga Yoshihisa (1465-1489., gore) bio je 09. Ashikaga shogun.
Yoshihisa je bio sin 08. shoguna Yoshimase (1435-1490, dole) i Hino Tomiko (1440-1496).
gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana
1478. g. (Bunmei 10) Ichijo Kanera published Bunmei
itto-ki (On the Unity of Knowledge and Culture) which
deals with political ethics and six points about the
duties of a prince
1479. g. Asakura Toshikage (1428-1481) porazio Shiba klan i preuzeo kontrolu
nad Echizenom. Neki su ga prozvali prvim «Sengoku daimyom».
Osnivač je klana Asakura .
1482. g. (February 21; Bunmei 14, 4th day of
the 2nd month)Construction of Ashikaga Yoshimasa's
Silver Pavilion commenced.
1487. g. (Chokyo 1) Takatskasa-no Masahira was
replaced as kampaku by the former naidaijin Kiyosho-no
Masatada.
1487. g. (Chokyo 1, 8th month) Udaijin Oe-no mikado
Nobukatsu died at age 42.
1487. g. (Chokyo 1, 8th month) Shogun Yoshihisa
led a large army against Rokkaku Takayori (also
known as Rokkaku Tobatsu), the daimyo of
southern Omi Province.
vidi, Chokyo Ran - Sword World
1489. g. (April 26; Entoku 1, 26th day of the 3rd month)
The 09. shogun Yoshihisa (gore) died at age 25 while
leading a military campaign in Omi Province. He had
led the shogunate for 18 years. His father, the former
Shogun Yoshimasa, was strongly afflicted by his
death; and because of this unanticipated development,
he was moved to reconcile with his brother, Yoshimi.
gore, Ashikaga Yoshimi (1439-1491)
1490. g. (January 27; Entoku 2, 7th day of the
1st month) The former shogun Yoshimasa
died at age 56.
1490. g. (Entoku 2, 7th month) Ashikaga Yoshimura (known as Ashikaga Yoshitane after 1501), nephew of Yoshimasa, is proclaimed as shogun at age 25.
1490-1493. godine vladao je 10. Ashikaga shogun Yoshitane (1466-1523)
vidi za Yoshitanea, Yabai.com
gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana
1492. g. (Meio 1, 8th month) Shogun Yoshimura led an army against Takayori in Omi Province. He laid siege to Mii-dera. Takayori saved himself by escaping in the slopes of Mount Koka. Then, Shogun Yoshimura returned to Heian-kyo.
1492. g. (Meio 2, 1st month) The kampaku Ichijo Fuyuyoshi was named daijo-daijin.
1492. g. (Meio 2, 2nd month) Shogun Yoshimura,
accompanied by Hatakeyama Masanaga, marched
against Kawachi Province, with plans to capture and
put to death Hatakeyama Toshitoyo, the son of Yoshinari.
1493. g. Pojava Hojo klana II na društveno političko vojnoj sceni.
# članovi Hojo klana I & II
gore obiteljsko stablo Hojo klana II
1494-1508. godine vladao je 11. Ashikaga shogun Yoshizumi (1481-1511).
1494. ili 1498. - 1574. Živio je Takeda Nobutora, lider
Takeda klana & otac Takede Shingena (1521-1573)
1495. g. (September 12; Meio 4, 24th day
of the 8th month) Earthquake at Kamakura, 7.1 on
the Surface wave magnitude scale (Ms).
1497-1571. g. Živio je Mori Motonari , daimyo.
gore, oklop (ratno odijelo) Mori Motonarija
gore, grb klana Mori
gore, ratna zastava Mori Motonarija
1498. godina
1498. g. (July 9; Meio 7, 20th day of the 6th month)
Earthquake in the Enshk-nada Sea, 6.4 Ms/.
1498. g. (September 20.; Meio 7, 2nd day
of the 7th month) Earthquake in the Enshk-nada Sea
and also on that same day, another earthquake in
Nankaido, 7.5 Ms.
1500. godina
1500-1526. g. Vladao je 104. car Go-Kashiwabara
(1464-1526).
gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 100. cara Go-Komatsua koji je ujedno i
06. i posljednji car sjeverne dinastije do 106. jap. cara Ogimachi-ja
O neugodnom carskom položaju 1500-te godine govorio
je Hosokawa Masamoto (1466-1507), sin Hosokawe
Katsumota (1430-1473) i kanrei diktator koji je tada
vladao carskom prijestolnicom Kyotom.
Zamoljen za novčanu pomoć pri krunidbi kazao je:
"Čak i ako bude krunidbe, nitko neće smatrati carem
onoga koji to u biti i nije."
Na kraju je odbio platiti, a car je okrunjen nakon
20 godina kada su nađena sredstva. U stotinu
dvadeset i dvije godine, od 1464. do 1586., četiri su
nevažna cara vladala do svoje smrti (Go-Tsuchimikado,
Go-Kashiwabara, Go-Nara i Ogimachi).
vidi, Totman, nav. dij., str. 169;
|
- 15:47 -
Komentari (0) -
Isprintaj -
#
|
