nihon no rekishi, japanska povijest

utorak, 07.04.2020.

1426. godina

1428. godina

1428. g. (Oei 35) Ashikaga Yoshimochi dies; Shoko dies;
Go-Hanazono ascends throne in second repudiation of agreement.

1428-1464. g. Vladao je 102. car Go-Hanazono (1419-1471).

gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 81. maloljetnog
cara Antokua (1180-1183) do 102. cara Go-Hanazono-a
(1428-1464)

gore, obiteljsko stablo carske obitelji od 100. cara
Go-Komatsua koji je ujedno i 06. i posljednji car sjeverne
dinastije do 106. jap. cara Ogimachi-ja

1428. g. (February 3; Shocho 1, 18th day of the
1st month) Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi,
having taken power again after the death of his
son, dies himself at the age of 43.

1428-1441. g. titulu 06. Ashikaga shoguna nosio je
Ashikaga Yoshinori (1394-1441).
Yoshinori je bio sin 03. Ashikaga shoguna Yoshimitsua
(1358-1408) koji je bio shogun između 1368 i 1394.,
a kasnije opat u hramu Enryaku-ji na planini Hiei
pored Kyota te vrhovni dostojanstvenik budističke
sekte Tendai.

vidi, Totman, nav. dij., str. 166;

za vladavinu Ashikage Yoshinorija, vidi, Totman, nav. dij.
- 20-te i 30-te godine 15. st. - str. 166, 167;
- 40-te godine 15. st. - str. 167;

gore, Ashikaga Yoshinori, 06. shogun Ashikaga shogunata

Yoshinori je bio odlučan poput svoga oca Yoshimitsua,
pravi čovjek u pogrešnom trenutku, kako piše Totman.
Bio je ozbiljan,obrazovan, s iskustvom vođe, odlučan i
beskompromisan. Neki izvori govore da je bio surov i
nemilosrdan. Prije svega, želio je obnoviti i ojačati vlast
shoguna i vratiti joj slavu iz vremena svoga oca.
Majka mu se zvala Fujiwara Keiko.

vidi, Totman, nav. dij., str. 166; Grupa autora,
"Great Historical Figures of Japan", Tokyo, 1978., str. 133;

1428. g. (August; Shocho 1, 7th month) Shocho Uprising begins.

1428. g. (August 30; Shocho 1, 20th day of the
7th month)

Emperor Shoko died at the age of 27. Nihon Odai
Ichiran suggests a cause of death by explaining:

"Ce prince, s'occupait de magie et du culte de
démons, mena une vie pure, et observa
rigoureusement l'abstinence et le jeűne."
This prince, who occupied himself with magic and the
cult of demons, led a pure life, and rigorously
observed abstinence and fasting.

1428. g. (September 7; Shocho 1, 29th day
of the 7th month) Emperor Go-Hanazono accedes
to the throne at age 10.

1429. g. (April 14; Eikyo 1, 9th day of the 3rd month)
Ashikaga Yoshinobu is honored in court; and thereafter,
he is known as Yoshinori.

1429. g. Yoshinori (vidi dole) appointed shogun.

1430. g. Southern army surrenders.

1432. g. Akamatsu Mitsusuke (1381-1441; vidi gore) flees;
shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori (vidi dole) receives rescript from China.

1433. g. (Eikyo 5, 6th month) The Emperor of China
addressed a letter to shogun Yoshinori in which, as a
conventional aspect of the foreign relations of Imperial
China, the Chinese assume that the head of the
Ashikaga shogunate is effectively the "king of Japan".

1433. g. Otomo rebels; Hieizan monks rebel

1434. g. Tosenbugyo established to regulate foreign affairs.

1436. godina

1436. godine rođen je Asikaga Yoshimasa (gore), sin
6. i aktualnog Ashikaga shoguna Yoshinorija i Shigeko
Hino (1411-1463), kći ministra s lijeva Hino
Shigemitsua (1374-1413). Mlađi rođak od Shigeko,
Karasumaru Suketo je postavljen kao staratelj
djeteta, kao i talentirana mlada žena imenom Oima
koja je izabrana iz jedne od obitelji
koje su tradicionalno služile kao nadglednici
shogunova domaćinstva i odgajatelji mladih pokoljenja
toga vremena. Majka Shigeko (čija je obitelj Hino vukla
podrijetlo od klana Fujiwara) također je imala utjecaja
na mladog Yoshimasu (u. 1490) koji će postati 8. Ashikaga shogun (1449-1474).

gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana

1436. godine u požaru je izgorila Yasaka pagoda (Hokan-ji, Kyoto)

1436. g. Yasaka Pagoda at Hokanji in Kyoto destroyed by fire.

1438. g. Kanto Kanrei (Kanto administrator) Ashikaga
Mochiuji rebels against Muromachi shogunate, also
known as Eikyo Rebellion (Eikyo-no-ran)

vidi, Eikyo no Ran (1438) - Sword World

1439. godine Ashikaga Mochiuji izvršio seppuku.

1439. g. Mochiuji is defeated, and he commits suicide;
dissatisfaction with Yoshinori grows.

1440. g. Yasaka Pagoda at Hokanji in Kyoto
re-constructed by shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori.

1441. godine Akamatsu Mitsusuke (1381-1441) ubio je shoguna Yoshinorija;
po nekim izvorima Mitsusuke se zatim ubio sam, a po drugim ubio ga je
Yamana Sozen (1404-1473) (?).

1441. g. Yoshinori (gore) grants Shimazu suzerainty
over Ryukyu Islands; Akamatsu murders Yoshinori-Kakitsu
Incident; Yamana kills Akamatsu.

1441. g. (July 12; Kakitsu 1, 24th day of the 6th month)
Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori (gore) is murdered at age
48 by Akamatsu Mitsusuke who was upset that
Akamatsu Sadaura was made leader of the Akamatsu
clan; and shortly thereafter, Yoshinori's 8-year-old son,
Ashikaga Yoshikatsu (dole), was proclaimed as the
new shogun.

1441. g. (July 12–28) A number of prominent nobles
were also killed defending Shogun Yoshinori directly
through the fighting including Kyogoku Takakazu,
the Shugo of Yamashiro Province and Ouchi Mochiyo
(1394-1441), the head of the Ouchi clan.

1441. g. (Kakitsu 1, 9th month) The murderers of
Ashikaga Yoshinori kill themselves.

gore & dole, obiteljsko stablo Ashikaga klana

1442-1443. g. Samo dvije godine Ashikaga Yoshikatsu (1434-1443, gore) nosio je
titulu 7. shoguna Ashikaga shogunata. Umro je od posljedica pada s konja u
09. godini života.

1443. g. (Kakitsu 3) A Japanese-Korean diplomatic
agreement (sometimes called the "Kakitsu treaty")
regularized an initial plan for mitigating the damage
caused by pirates (wako). The bilateral agreement
assigned the responsibility for monitoring ships from
Japan en route to Korea. The So clan of Tsushima
han (Tsushima Island) were given the right to license
ships sailing west beyond Tsushima; and this also
encompassed the opportunity to profit from whatever
fees the So might charge.

1443. g. (August 16; Kakitsu 3, 21st day of the 7th
month) Shogun Yoshikatsu (gore) died at the age of 10.
He liked riding horses very much; but he was gravely
injured in a fall from a horse. This was the cause of his
death. He had been shogun for only three years.
His 8-year-old brother, Ashikaga Yoshinari, was then
named shogun. Several years after he became shogun,
Yoshinari (dole) changed his name to Yoshimasa, and
he is better known by that name.

1443. g. (October 16; Kakitsu 3, 23rd day
of the 9th month)

An armed group of rebels penetrated the palace
defenses. A fire was started and one of the men
sought to kill Go-Hanazono, but the emperor
escaped. However, the intruders managed to steal
the Three Sacred Treasures – the mirror, the sword
and the jewel. Later, a guard found the mirror and a
priest found the sword, but the location of jewel was
not known until the 8th month of Bunnan gannen.

1444. g. (Bun'an 1, 1st month) Yoshinari made his
first visit to Kanrei Hatakeyama Motokuni; and on
this occasion, all the avenues along the route to
and from the meeting were highly guarded.

1444. g. (Bun'an 1, 4th month) The inhabitants of the
eastern part of the capital and the western part of the
capital each demanded exclusive rights to sell the
dregs remaining from sake brewing. Crowds gathered
at the Shinto shrine, Kitano Tenman-gk. Kanrei
Motokuni sent troops to arrest the troublemakers,
but they all escaped after having reduced the temple
and much of western Kyoto to cinders.

1444. g. (Bun'an 1, 8th month) One of the Three
Sacred Treasures was found after it had been
missing for several months. The Sacred Jewel had
been stolen in Kakitsu 3, on the 23rd day of the
9th month. Intruders in the palace had managed to
steal all of the Sacred Treasures – the mirror,
the sword and the jewel. Later, a guard found
the mirror and a priest found the sword, but the
location of the jewel remained unknown until
the 8th month of Bun'an gannen.

1445. g. (Bun'an 2, 11th month) The kampaku Nijo
Mochimoto died at age 48. Konoe Fusatsugu and
Ichijo Kaneyoshi became the two primary contenders
for this newly vacated position. The emperor sought
Kanrei Motokuni's counsel before naming Fusatsugu
to be the new kampaku. The dainagon Fujiwara
Tokifusa becomes naidaijin.

1445-1449 Hosokawa Katsumoto (1430-1473), postao je Kyoto kanryo ili kanrei;

vidi, kanrei - namjesnik shogunu iz dinastije Ashikaga u razdoblju Muromachi
(Totman, nav. dij., str. 636);

1445. g. (Bun'an 2, 11th month) Hosokawa Katsumoto was named kanrei at the age of 12.

gore, Hosokawa Katsumoto

1446. g. (Bun'an 3, 11th month) The kampaku
Fusatsugu asked the emperor to relieve him of his
position as sadaijin. The udaijin Takakasa Fusahira
succeeded Fusatsugu as sadaijin; and the dainagon
NijM Mochimichi became udaijin.

1446. g. (Bun'an 3, 11th month) The shogun received
a patent from the emperor by which he learned that his
name of "Yoshinari" had received Imperial approval.

1447. g. (Bun'an 4, 11th month) Yoshinari exercised
regularly to improve the accuracy of his archery,
and his arrows began to hit the center of the target
sometimes.

1448. g. (Bun'an 5, i2nd month) The emperor moved
in procession to visit his father; and the entire route
was guarded by the troops of Hosokawa Katsumoto.

1449-1473. g. Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1435-1490) vršio je dužnost 8. Ashikaga
shogunata. Bio je pod dominacijom mladog daimyoa i namjesnika (1445-1449 i
1452-1464) Hosokawe Katsumota.

vidi, Totman, nav. dij., str 167;

gore, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 08. shogun Ashikaga shogunata

1449. g. (May 8; Hotoku 1, 16th day of the 4th month)
Shogun Yoshinori is honored by the emperor with the
gift of a sword.

1450. godine osnovan je Rinzai zen hram Ryoan-ji.
U ovom hramu živio je Hosokawa Katsumoto do
početka Onin rata (1467-1477).

Svojevremeno na poleđini ulaznice za vrt zen hrama
Ryoan-ji u Kyotu nalazio se ovaj tekst opata (poglavara)
tog hrama Joei Matsukure (1910-1983):

Sjednimo smireno i promatrajmo ovaj vrt pijeska i
kamenova. Soami (Kangaku Shinso, 1480-1525),
glasoviti umjetnik koji ga je stvorio, izražava ovdje
svoje razumijevanje prosvjetljenja u zenu izvanrednom
jednostavnošću, i nisu mu potrebne ni riječi ni pouka da
bi saopćio svoju bezgraničnu poruku. Možemo gledati na
vrt kao na grupu brdskih otoka u velikom oceanu, ili kao
na vrhunce planina što se izdižu nad morem oblaka.
Možemo u njemu vidjeti sliku uokvirenu trošnim starim
zidom, što ga samog za se smatramo nacionalnim
bogatstvom, a možemo i zaboraviti okvir kad osjetimo
istinu ovog mora što se proteže bez kraja.

Soamijeva rječitost govorit će uvijek onima koji na vrt
gledaju nutarnjim očima. Uronuli u taj prizor, mi koji o sebi
mislimo kao o relativnom, ispunjeni smo smirenim
divljenjem kad intuitivno doživljavamo Apsolutno Ja, i
tada su nam pročišćeni koji put okaljani duhovi. U zenu
sve, čak i vlat trave, izražava Definitivnu Realnost.
Tako možemo reći da nam ovaj jednostavni vrt sam po
sebi sugerira apsolutnu vrijednost. Taj je vrt tako duboko
bremenit značenjem, iznad svake usporedbe s drugima u
svijetu, da bi ga bilo ispravnije zvati Mu-tei, Vrt Praznog, ili
Ku-tei, Vrt nepostojanja negoli Seki-tei, Vrt Kamenova.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* iz knjige prof. i akademika Vladimira Devidea (1925-2010), Zen, Zagreb, 1993.,
str. 236 i 237.

Ryoan-ji nalazi se u Kyotu. Sa Kyoto st. do hrama se dolazi
busom br. 52. U blizini hrama prolazi i bus 59. i vozi do
Keihan Sanjo st. Ulaz u hram je 500 yena (oko 30 kuna).
Ryoan-ji je otvoren za posjetioce od 9 ujutro do 16 (17 h) sati.

vidi, Grupa autora, "Japan", lonely planet, str. 393 (1997), 350/351 (2003);

vidi, Ryoan-ji na Flickru

- 20:28 - Komentari (0) - Isprintaj - #

<< Arhiva >>