VERTICAL REPLACEMENT BLINDS : REPLACEMENT BLINDS
Vertical Replacement Blinds : Drapery Cleaners.
Vertical Replacement Blinds
- substitution: an event in which one thing is substituted for another; "the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood"
The action or process of replacing someone or something
A person or thing that takes the place of another
refilling: filling again by supplying what has been used up
the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another; "replacing the star will not be easy"
- something that is oriented vertically
- Of or relating to the crown of the head
- at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line; "a vertical camera angle"; "the monument consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal slab"; "measure the perpendicular height"
- relating to or involving all stages of a business from production to distribution
- Denoting a point at the zenith or the highest point of something
- At right angles to a horizontal plane; in a direction, or having an alignment, such that the top is directly above the bottom
- Cause (someone) to be unable to see, permanently or temporarily
- The dead-ends of the Mazes, it also means anything impossible or hopeless, as in, "He'll hit the blinds if he tries lying to the factol."
- Deprive (someone) of understanding, judgment, or perception
- Confuse or overawe someone with something difficult to understand
- A window blind is a type of window covering which is made with slats of fabric, wood, plastic or metal that adjust by rotating from an open position to a closed position by allowing slats to overlap. A roller blind does not have slats but comprises a single piece of material.
- The blinds are forced bets posted by players to the left of the dealer button in flop-style poker games. The number of blinds is usually two, but can be one or three.
Tupolev Tu-22 (NATO reporting name: Blinder)
The Tupolev Tu-22 (NATO reporting name: Blinder) was the first supersonic bomber to enter production in the Soviet Union. Manufactured by Tupolev, the Tu-22 entered service with the Soviet military in the 1960s, and the last examples were retired during the 1990s. Produced in comparatively small numbers, the aircraft was a disappointment, lacking the intercontinental range that had been expected. Later in their service life, Tu-22s were used as launch platforms for the Soviet AS-4 stand-off missile, and as reconnaissance aircraft. Tu-22s were sold to a number of other nations, including Libya and Iraq. The Tu-22 was one of the few Soviet bombers to see combat, with Libyan Tu-22s being used against Tanzania and Chad, and Iraq using its Tu-22s during the Iran-Iraq War.
Development
The Tu-22 was intended originally as a supersonic replacement for the Tupolev Tu-16 bomber. Preliminary design of an aircraft to meet this requirement, designated Samolët 105 by Tupolev, was started in 1954, with the first prototype completed in December 1957, and making its maiden flight from Zhukovsky on 21 June 1958, flown by test pilot Yuri Alasheev. The availability of more powerful engines, and the TsAGI discovery of the Area rule for minimizing transonic drag, resulted in the construction of a revised prototype, the 105A. This first flew on 7 September 1959.
The first serial-production Tu-22B bomber, built by Factory No. 22 at Kazan, flew on 22 September 1960,[4] and the type was presented to the public in the Tushino Aviation Day parade on 9 July 1961, with a flypast of 10 aircraft. It initially received the NATO reporting name 'Bullshot', which was deemed to be inappropriate, then 'Beauty', which was deemed to be too complimentary, and finally the 'Blinder'. Soviet crews called it "shilo" (awl) because of its shape.
The Tu-22 entered service in 1962, but it experienced considerable problems, resulting in widespread unserviceability and a number of crashes. Amongst its many faults was a tendency for skin heating at supersonic speed, distorting the control rods and causing poor handling. The landing speed was 100 km/h (62 mph) greater than previous bombers and the Tu-22 had a tendency to pitch up and strike its tail on landing, though this problem was eventually resolved with the addition of electronic stabilization aids. Even after some of its problems had been resolved, the 'Blinder' was never easy to fly, and it was maintenance-intensive. Among its unpleasant characteristics was a wing design that allowed rudder reversal at high deflections. When the stick had been neutralized following such an event the deformation of the wing did not necessarily disappear but could persist and result in an almost uncontrollable aircraft.
Pilots for the first Tu-22 squadrons were selected from the ranks of "First Class" Tu-16 pilots, which made transition into the new aircraft difficult, as the Tu-16 had a co-pilot, and many of the "elite" Tu-16 pilots selected had become accustomed to allowing their co-pilots to handle all the flight operations of the Tu-16 except for take-off and landings. As a consequence, Tu-16 pilots transitioning to the single-pilot Tu-22 suddenly found themselves having to perform all the piloting tasks, and in a much more complicated cockpit. Many, if not most of these pilots were unable to complete their training for this reason. Eventually pilots were selected from the ranks of the Su-17 "Fitter" crews, and these pilots made the transition with less difficulty.
By the time the Tu-22B (Blinder-A) entered service it was already obvious that its operational usefulness was limited. Despite its speed, it was inferior to the Tu-16 with respect to combat radius, weapon load, and serviceability. Soviet president Nikita Khrushchev believed that ballistic missiles were the way of the future, and bombers like the Tu-22 were in danger of cancellation.
As a result, only 15 (some sources say 20) Tu-22Bs were built.
A combat-capable reconnaissance version, the Tu-22R ('Blinder-C'), was developed along with the bomber, entering service in 1962. The Tu-22R could be fitted with an aerial refueling probe that was subsequently fitted to most Tu-22s, expanding their radius of operation. 127 Tu-22Rs were built, 62 of which went to the AVMF for maritime reconnaissance use.[7] Some of these aircraft were stripped of their camera and sensor packs and sold for export as Tu-22Bs, although in other respects they apparently remained more comparable to the Tu-22R than to the early-production Tu-22Bs.[8]
A trainer version of the 'Blinder,' the Tu-22U ('Blinder-D') was fielded at the same time, with a raised cockpit for an instructor pilot. The Tu-22U had no tail guns, and was not combat-capable. 46 were produced.
To try to salvage some offensive combat role for the Tu-22 in the face of official hostility, the Tu-22 was developed as a missile carrier, the Tu-22K ('Blinder-B'), with the ability to carry
(Former) James Hampden and Cornella Van Rensselaer Robb House
Murray Hill, Manhattan
Built in 1889-92 for J. Hampden Robb and his wife Cornelia Van Rensselaer Robb, this elegant and imposing structure is considered one of the finest urban residences designed by Stanford White of the prominent architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White and was one of the earliest Renaissance Revival townhouses by White.
Articulated by White with an exceptional command of proportion and design, the building is composed with simple cubic forms which contribute greatly to its monumental character. The handsome tawny-orange Roman iron-spot brick facing complements the color of the boldly modeled brownstone base and matching tan brick and terra-cotta ornament. The richly-textured facades are beautifully detailed with a wealth of Renaissance-inspired ornament for which White is so justly renowned. Other notable features include the double-story entrance porch with paired corner columns, the beautiful iron balustrades, balustraded roof parapets, and the two-story oriel on the East 35th Street facade.
A significant reminder of the history of Murray Hill as an elegant residential district, the Robb house was praised by architectural critic Russell Sturgis as "the most dignified structure in all that quarter of the town, not a palace, but the fit dwelling house for a first-rate citizen." J. Hampden Robb, was a retired businessman and civic leader, who had a distinguished career in public service as a legislator and New York City Parks Commissioner. Acquired by the Advertising Club in 1923, the house served as the organization's headquarters until 1977 and was a gathering place for advertising industry and media leaders as well as notable politicians, business leaders, and entertainers. Subsequently, it was converted into a cooperatively-owned apartment building, and it remains in that use.
The area known today as Murray Hill is bounded roughly by 34th Street on the south, 40th Street on the north, Fifth Avenue on the west and Third Avenue on the east. Murray Hill took its name from the country estate of Robert and Mary Murray whose farm comprised a large hill. According to legend, during the Revolutionary War, Mary Murray invited the British General Howe and his troops to her house (which stood approximately at the corner of what is today Park Avenue and East 37th Street) for a meal, thus allowing General George Washington's army to escape to the north.
The character of the neighborhood was determined in 1847 when local landowners signed a covenant stipulating that only brick or stone houses of two or more stories could be erected in the area. Shortly thereafter, many homes of wealthy and socially prominent people began to appear along Fifth and Madison Avenues. The Gothic Revival villa of Coventry Waddell, had already been constructed on Fifth Avenue between 37th and 38th Streets in 1844. This, along with the Samuel P. Townsend mansion on Fifth Avenue and 34th Street, built in 1853-55, set the tone for future development. In the 1860s, A.T. Stewart purchased the Townsend mansion, to replace it with his own extravagant marble-fronted, mansarded dwelling. The choicest lots were soon occupied by the houses of families such as the Belmonts, Rhinelanders, Tiffanys, Havemeyers, and Morgans.
Eastward development of the neighborhood started after Lexington and Fourth Avenues were opened in 1848 and expanded further after 1852 when the New York and Harlem Railroad constructed a tunnel beneath Fourth Avenue in Murray Hill.3 Between 34th Street and 38th Street the tunnel was covered with a series of forty-foot-wide landscaped strips. This broad street with its grassy malls was renamed Park Avenue by real estate developers who hoped to market the neighboring house lots to the wealthy.
By the late 1860s several millionaires, including banker James Brown and railroad magnate Collis P. Huntington, had built mansions on the improved blocks of Park Avenue. The side streets and portions of Park Avenue were developed with rowhouses. (East 35th Street between Park and Lexington Avenues retains a number of houses from this initial development phase.) The neighborhood was also served by a number of churches.
In the late 1880s and 1890s, as commerce began to displace the fashionable residential quarter on lower Fifth Avenue, the centrally located Murray Hill section became increasingly desirable as a residential neighborhood.5 Many residences were either replaced or remodeled by prominent architects in the high styles of the day.
These included the English Renaissance house designed by Henry F. Kilburn for Helena Flint at 109 East 39th Street (1886-87), the Beaux-Arts alteration by Carrere & Hastings of an 1857 rowhouse at 117 East 35th Street for music publisher Gustave Schirmer (1894), and the Beaux-Arts townhouse at 123 East 35th Street (1901-03, a designated New York City Landmark) designed by Hoppin & Koen for banker James Franklin Doughty Lanier and his wife Harriet Lanier, rep
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