Diabetes, the damage of sugar

četvrtak , 16.07.2020.

The fourth leading cause of death in developed countries, diabetes should, according to an estimate by the World Health Organization (WHO), affect more than 360 million people worldwide in 2030. Many, however, ignore the signs and complications of disease.
The diabetes is a chronic illness constantly increasing in the world. In France, 3.5 million people are affected and it is estimated that 600,000 would live with the disease without knowing it. If you don't cure diabetes, you can learn to live better with diabetes and reduce the risk of complications.

Diabetes is characterized by the presence of an excess of sugar in the blood, glucose. When the glucose level in the blood exceeds 1.26 g on an empty stomach twice (or at any time of the day if the glucose is greater than 2 g / l), in the presence of the above symptoms., We're talking about diabetes . The body of people with diabetes cannot properly regulate this excess blood sugar.

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There are two main forms of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is most often detected during childhood, but it can be detected in adults up to 35 years of age. It concerns 10% of diabetics. This form occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Symptoms are increased thirst and thirst, increased urination (diabetic urinates more), fatigue, weight loss despite a conserved appetite and muscle wasting.

Nine times out of ten, diabetes is type 2. It mainly affects adults over 40, sedentary and overweight, but it affects people who are younger and younger. It concerns more men than women, the risk increases in case of high waist (due to the accumulation of fat in the abdomen). When insulin is produced, the body's cells fail to use it properly. There is a kind of resistance on the part of the cells, which limits the absorption of glucose, so it remains in excess in the blood.
What are the treatments for diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is mainly treated by insulin therapy, in other words by insulin injections which allow the patient to regulate his rate, or by insulin pump (see next paragraph). The diabetic child can have a normal diet, similar to that of his brothers and sisters, but it must obviously be balanced and varied. The insulin dose is always adapted to the food intake.

The first treatment for type 2 diabetes is food, which should avoid fatty foods and favor those rich in fiber such as fruits and vegetables. Starchy foods are to be chosen whole or pulses and alcohol must be limited because it is rich in sugars. If after 6 months the glucose level has not dropped, anti-diabetic tablets can then be prescribed and many families of drugs are possible. It can be (from the biguanide family, which increase insulin sensitivity) or sulfonamides, glinides which stimulate insulin production. Another class, incretins, is also prescribed (see paragraph below). Other drugs decrease the absorption of sugars (inhibitors of aplphaglucosidase) but they are very little used or they promote their elimination by the urine (SGLT2) but they are not yet marketed in France. Another class is interesting, the inhibitors of DPP4 "because it sprovoquent less hypoglycemia.

Finally, insulin administration is sometimes necessary, regular physical activity is strongly recommended and is part of management.
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