Lilitus

ponedjeljak, 05.10.2009.

History

Origin of the word Italia is not exactly known. According to the most common point of view, the term came from Greek and means "country of calves. The bull was a symbol of the peoples who inhabited the south of Italy and is often depicted as butting Roman she-wolf. Originally the name Italia applied only to that part of the territory, which now occupies the southern Italy (modern Calabria Province).
[edit] Ancient Rome
In V-III centuries BC. e. territory of Italy was the main part of the Roman state (see Ancient Rome).
[edit] Middle Ages
Characteristic form of the medieval Italian city-states were the states with a republican system. In the cities of Northern and Central Italy in the XIV-XVI centuries formed early capitalist relations. For example, Venice ruled doji, in Genoa, Florence, Lucca and other towns formed a hereditary aristocratic order (the Medici in Florence, etc.) By the end of medieval Italy and Germany - the only country in Western Europe have remained fragmented.
[edit] Renaissance
In the XVI century in large parts of Italy was fixed domination of Spain, after the War of Spanish Succession, 1701-1714 - rule of the Austrian Habsburgs. Since the end of XVIII century in Italy, the movement for national liberation and the elimination of territorial fragmentation (the Risorgimento). Since the end of XVIII century to 1814 Italy - under French occupation, its territory had been established independent of the Napoleonic French state, which ruled relatives or proteges of Napoleon. 1814-1815 Congress of Vienna restored in Italy, the feudal-absolutist monarchy.
[edit] New Time
See also: the Risorgimento and the Italian colonial empire.
Struggle for a united Italy, led by the Carbonari, Young Italy "and other organizations, key figures in which were Giuseppe Garibaldi and Giuseppe Mazzini. By the end of 1860 in Italy was largely united around the Kingdom of Sardinia (from 1861 kingdom of Italy) in 1870 to the Italian kingdom was annexed Rome.
[edit] XX Century


Map of Italy
In 1922, after the Blackshirt march on Rome and the presentation of the King of their demands, the Nazis came to power, install a dictatorship led by Benito Mussolini (1922-1943). In 1929, under the Lateran Treaty, Italy guaranteed the sovereignty of the Vatican. Italy invaded Ethiopia (1935-1936), Albania (1939). Concluded a military alliance with Nazi Germany and Japan, Italy in 1940 entered the Second World War. In 1945, the actions of the resistance movement (the highest point - the April uprising of 1945) and Anglo-American forces in Italy was overthrown by a fascist regime.
In 1946 Italy became a parliamentary republic.
In November 1947, adopted the Constitution of the Republic of Italy, she formally entered into force on 1 January 1948). After the Second World War on the political scene has established the Christian Democratic Party of Italy (CDA), which formed the government in 1945-1981 and 1987-1992.
Sharp increase in corruption at all levels of government led to a change in the electoral system. August 4, 1993 was approved by the new law on parliamentary elections.
[edit] XXI Century
The postwar history of Italy is characterized by frequent change of governments. Silvio Berlusconi's government, formed in April 2005, has become the fifty-ninth in a row.
9.10 April 2006 elections were held in the Chamber of Deputies of Italy. Won the center-left opposition led by Romano Prodi (block "Union").
Romano Prodi won with a minimum margin - just over 25 thousand votes (49.81%). Coalition "House of Freedoms" Silvio Berlusconi was 49.74%. Under Italian law, the coalition won a relative majority in the elections to the Chamber of Deputies, it automatically receives 54% of seats. In elections to the Senate the opposition also won with a minimal advantage in one senate seat.
Berlusconi, who came to power after the resignation of Giuliano Amato, and victory in the parliamentary elections the party "Forza Italia» (Forza, Italia) 10 June 2001, set a record for the duration of his tenure as chairman of the Council of Ministers.
Following the publication of the results of the election of Silvio Berlusconi said he was not going to accept defeat and demanded a recount. April 20 Superior Court of Italy declared final victory of Romano Prodi.
April 14, 2008 in Italy were held early parliamentary elections, and the center-right coalition of Silvio Berlusconi's People of Freedom won in both houses of parliament with about desyatiprotsentnym separation from opponents. May 8th richest man in Italy 71-year-old Silvio Berlusconi for a third time led the Italian government.
Has diplomatic relations with Russia (established with the Soviet Union on Feb. 7, 1924, interrupted by Italy June 22, 1941, reinstated on Oct. 25, 1944).

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