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STEPPED IMPEDANCE LOW PASS FILTER : STEPPED IMPEDANCE L


Stepped Impedance Low Pass Filter : Make Activated Carbon Air Filter.



Stepped Impedance Low Pass Filter





stepped impedance low pass filter






    impedance low
  • Generally, the area of 1 through 600 ohms.





    pass filter
  • A band-pass filter is a device that passes frequencies within a certain range and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside that range. An example of an analogue electronic band-pass filter is an RLC circuit (a resistor–inductor–capacitor circuit).





    stepped
  • Having or formed into a step or series of steps

  • (step) measure: any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal; "the situation called for strong measures"; "the police took steps to reduce crime"

  • (step) shift or move by taking a step; "step back"

  • (step) footstep: the distance covered by a step; "he stepped off ten paces from the old tree and began to dig"

  • Carried out or occurring in stages or with pauses rather than continuously











stepped impedance low pass filter - Opto 22




Opto 22 G4IAC5L G4 Digital AC Input Modules with Low Impedance, 90-140 VAC, 5 VDC Logic, 20 ms Turn-On/Off


Opto 22 G4IAC5L G4 Digital AC Input Modules with Low Impedance, 90-140 VAC, 5 VDC Logic, 20 ms Turn-On/Off



Opto 22’s G4 AC input modules are used to detect on/off AC voltage levels. Each module provides up to 4000 volts of optical isolation (transient) between field inputs and the logic output of the circuit. All AC input modules are designed with filtering on the input and a hysteresis amplifier, providing high noise rejection and transient-free "clean" switching. Typical applications for AC input modules include sensing the presence or absence of voltage, and sensing contact closure from sources such as proximity switches, limit switches, float switches, selector switches, push buttons, toggle switches and thermostats. The G4IAC5L features low input impedance. Input voltage range: 90-140 VAC or VDC. Input current at maximum line: 11 mA. Isolation, input-to-output (transient): 4000 V at 1 ms, 1500 V at 1 minute. Turn-on time: 20 ms. Turn-off time: 20 ms. Input allowed for off-state: 3 mA, 45 V. Nominal output supply voltage: 5 VDC. Output supply voltage range: 4.5-6 VDC. Output supply current at nominal logic voltage: 12 mA. Input resistance (R1 in schematic): 14 K ohms. Control resistance (Rc in schematic): 220 ohms. Output voltage drop: 0.4 V at 50 mA. Output current (sinking): 50 mA. Output leakage with no input: 100 microamps at 30 VDC. Transistor: 30 V breakdown. Operating temperature: -30 to 70 degree C. Storage temperature: -30 to 85 degree C.










86% (14)





Lundahl amorphous core trannies




Lundahl amorphous core trannies





A rare visitor to my home...

A fully bespoke pre-amp utilising four 6C45pi tubes with a design tailored to the 6C45's strengths (ie. extremely low impedance and high transconductance and linearity) for ultimate transparency, dynamics and a modern sound.

The power supply is dual-mono and is separately housed for each channel, with absolutely minimal parts along the signal path. A volume control (as used in AudioNote UK's M10) is included but not directly connected on the signal path. The pre-amp is running a para-feed configuration whereby AC and DC are separated so as to induce the best performance from the transformer involved.

The power supply allows for 5V and 4V tube rectifiers - a feature put in place in case NOS stocks of 5V rectifier runs out (e.g. WE 274), then replacement 4V, 2004, 4004 or even 2504 rectifier tubes could be used instead. The unit is currently fed by a rare German 4V rectifier tube from the late 1940s - regarded for speed, dynamics and analytical ability. This is very different to the more popular 5v rectifiers e.g. Mullard which has a more refined, and smoother sound.

High quality transformers are used in the input, inter-stage and output stage, all amorphous cores, resulting in no capacitor usage throughout and minimal resistors in the signal path (two only at the grip-stoppers which is a must for the 6C45 tube). The four transformers towards teh front are only for loading the 4 line tubes, again, not in the signal path.

This amp is an ongoing project and experiement in transformers...permalloy cores are being considered for the next iteration - which should give a more tube like sound.











The Sony ECM-957 mid (lower) and side (top) capsules




The Sony ECM-957 mid (lower) and side (top) capsules





PROJECT: To improve my Sony ECM-957 MS Stereo Microphone.

I've always been annoyed by the use of the 5-pin XLR plug on the Sony ECM-957 MS Stereo Mic i purchased a few years ago. It seemed crazy to only supply a 3.5mm stereo consumer microphone plug for a microphone so expensive and professionally spec'd.

Yesterday I felt brave enough to attempt disassembling the microphone enough to see what the circuit for the MS matrix and signal outputs were like. To my excitement, the audio outputs are twin impedance balanced (ie. Hot +, Cold+ and Ground - OR in phase +, out of phase+ and ground -)... see the photo of the diary page for the pinouts. The only problem that remains, is how to make a tidy split cable. I've tried 2x 6.5mm mic cables coming out of the male Neutrik 5-pin XLR... but that looked pretty crappy (not to mention putting all the weight strain on the microphone's connector. The other option tried was using some Canare Star-Quad mic cable (4 core + tight braid 6mm) to carry the 2 balanced audio signals and sharing the ground braided sheilding. (BTW the Canare cable mentioned is the Roll Royce of mic cable). I would still need a way of splitting the cable into 2 XLR connectors. So.... I ended up using an old metal project case to enclose the splice. I ran a wire from the shield splice to the metal casing for extra RF shielding.

The result? A much stronger audio output with very little noise (none i could hear over the signal) and all the benefits of a transformer-balanced mic lead. I am very happy with my discovery. This was well worth the effort.









stepped impedance low pass filter








stepped impedance low pass filter




Excuse Me, My Brains Have Stepped Out






Anya Michaels is having the time of her life. She has the man of her dreams by her side. She has graduated at the top of her class. She has the job others were lining up for. Between late night drinks at her favourite bar and fancy dinners at the most expensive restaurants, she has a string of adoring friends. Everything changes when she hears the dreaded words, “You are sick.” Being diagnosed with a rare neurological disorder, her world starts to fall apart, one piece at a time. Now dumped, her four year relationship is nothing but a memory filled with pictures, thoughts and a very broken heart. Her job becomes an even further challenge as she tries to hide her condition. Her friends suddenly have more important things to do, what is a party without a party girl? Perfect could not crumble any faster. Soon, caught between situations, people and pieces of life that she never dreamed of planning for herself, Anya begins to wonder if her brain condition is all that bad. As she absorbs the changes in her life and realization sets in, she begins to wonder if she is the only one saying: Excuse Me, My Brains Have Stepped Out










See also:

cleaning lens filter

12v noise filter

internet filter bypass website

carbon filter for shower head

long pass optical filter

signs of bad fuel filter

cleaning motorcycle air filter

aqua pure filter cartridge





Post je objavljen 26.10.2011. u 22:26 sati.