AUDIO EQUIPMENT SINGAPORE

A survey of heavy duty deep sea diving equipment / by William A. Danesi, Jeffrey J. Hatman, Charles R. Cantrell

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The Bathysphere (Greek words ????? (bathos), "depth" and ?????? (sphaira), "sphere") is a spherical deep-sea submersible which was unpowered and lowered into the ocean on a cable, and was used to conduct a series of dives off the coast of Bermuda from 1930 to 1934. The Bathysphere was designed in 1928 and 1929 by the American Engineer Otis Barton, to be used by the naturalist William Beebe for studying undersea wildlife. Beebe and Barton conducted dives in the Bathysphere together, marking the first time that a marine biologist observed deep-sea animals in their native environment. Their dives set several consecutive world records for the deepest dive ever performed by a human. The record set by the deepest of these, to a depth of 3,028 feet on August 15, 1934, lasted until it was broken by Barton in 1949.

In 1928, the American naturalist William Beebe was given permission by the British government to establish a research station on Nonsuch Island, Bermuda. Using this station, Beebe planned to conduct an in-depth study of the animals inhabiting an eight-mile-square area of ocean, from a depth of two miles to the surface. Although his initial plan called for him to conduct this study by means of helmet diving and dredging, Beebe soon realized that these methods were inadequate for gaining a detailed understanding of deep-sea animals, and began making plans to invent a way to observe them in their native habitat.

As of the late 1920s, the deepest humans could safely descend in diving helmets was 100 feet, since beyond that point the pressure becomes too great. Submarines of the time had descended to a maximum of 383 feet, but had no windows, making them useless for Beebe's goal of observing deep-sea animals. The deepest in the ocean that any human had descended at this point was 525 feet wearing an armored suit, but these suits also made movement and observation extremely difficult. What Beebe hoped to create was a deep-sea vessel which both could descend to a much greater depth than any human had descended thus far, and also would enable him to clearly observe and document the deep ocean's wildlife.

Beebe's initial design called for a cylindrical vessel, and articles describing his plans were published in The New York Times. These articles caught the attention of the engineer Otis Barton, who had his own ambition to become a deep-sea explorer. Barton was certain that a cylinder would not be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the depths to which Beebe was planning to descend, and sent Beebe several letters proposing an alternative design to him. So many unqualified opportunists were attempting to join Beebe in his efforts that Beebe tended to ignore most of his mail, and Barton's first efforts to contact him were fruitless. A mutual friend of Barton's and Beebe's eventually arranged a meeting between the two, enabling Barton to present his design to Beebe in person. Beebe approved of Barton's design, and the two of them made a deal: Barton would pay for the vessel and all of the other equipment to go with it, while Beebe would pay for other expenses such as chartering a ship to raise and lower it, and as the owner of the vessel Barton would accompany Beebe on his dives in it.

Barton's design called for a spherical vessel, as a sphere is the best possible shape for resisting high pressure. The sphere had openings for three 3-inch-thick (76 mm) windows made of fused quartz, the strongest transparent material then available, as well a 400-pound entrance hatch which was to be bolted down before a descent. Initially only two of the windows were mounted on the sphere, and a steel plug was mounted in place of the third window. Oxygen was supplied from high-pressure cylinders carried inside the sphere, while pans of soda lime and calcium chloride were mounted inside the sphere's walls to absorb exhaled CO2 and moisture. Air was to be circulated past these trays by the Bathysphere's occupants using palm-leaf fans.

The casting of the steel sphere was handled by Watson Stillman Hydraulic Machinery Company in Roselle, New Jersey, and the cord to raise and lower the sphere was provided by John A. Roebling's Sons Company. General Electric provided a lamp which would be mounted just inside one of the windows to illuminate animals outside the sphere, and Bell Laboratories provided a telephone system by which divers inside the sphere could communicate with the surface. The cables for the telephone and to provide electricity for the lamp were sealed inside a rubber hose, which entered the body of the Bathysphere through a stuffing box.

After the initial version of the sphere had been cast in June 1929, it was discovered that it was too heavy to be lifted by the winch which would be used to lower it into the ocean, requiring Barton to have the sphere melted and re-cast. The final, lighter design consisted of a hollow sphere of 1-inch-thick (25 mm) cast steel which was 4.75 ft (1.5 m) in diamete

Plongee sous-marine en eau douce dans la carriere du pont des Piles (36270 Eguzon Chantome). Dans cette carriere abandonnee la nappe phreatique a envahi tout le site d'une eau limpide. Le plongeur mutin tente d'embrasser une tete de mannequin trouvee sur le site. Tags: plongee sous-marine; plongeur; eau douce; eau limpide; carriere innondee; glauque; limpidite; bouteille; gilet de stabilisation; combinaison neoprene; masque; tuba; bulle; embrasser; tete de mannequin; baiser sur la bouche; humour; homme; femme; amour impossible; drole; insolite; etrange; equipement; France; trophee; deep-sea diving; diver; man; fresh water; blue; limpid water; glaucous; head; mannequin; woman; strange; trophy; prick; pole; spit; impaled; torture; suit; neoprene; mask; bubble; equipment; scuba; wetsuit; hair; floating; snorkel; tank; to embrace; to kiss on the mouth; french kiss; kissing; impossible love; funny;

Synopsis:
In the 1980’s, massive unemployment spread throughout the west coast of the United States. With little work available, Jack Morgan and Carl Webb embark on a fateful journey to find and claim lost treasure off the California coast. Morgan, a noble and wise man who marches to the beat of his own drummer, is highly skilled and efficient in all of his endeavors. Webb, also highly efficient, is an honest and fair mechanical engineer who can become quite a formidable adversary when necessary.

Together these men set out to explore the shipwrecks surrounding the Channel Islands. Here a dangerous reef has claimed many a ship since the Europeans first came to the new world. Surely there is plenty of treasure for the taking. Once arrived however, Morgan and Webb discover that their plan will not be as easy to carry out as they had hoped. Will they find the treasure they so desperately seek and survive such a perilous undertaking?

About the Author:
Author, William H. White spent most of his life in rural California but he currently enjoys his retirement in New Mexico, treasure hunting and giving tours of the Caballo Mountains. The Treasure of San Miguel Island was inspired by a trip to the Channel Islands off the coast of California when he was fifteen. He has published various treasure hunting books including Tales of the Caballos in 2003. Another book, Reflections, contains a series of noteworthy experiences but is not an autobiography.

Synopsis:
In the 1980’s, massive unemployment spread throughout the west coast of the United States. With little work available, Jack Morgan and Carl Webb embark on a fateful journey to find and claim lost treasure off the California coast. Morgan, a noble and wise man who marches to the beat of his own drummer, is highly skilled and efficient in all of his endeavors. Webb, also highly efficient, is an honest and fair mechanical engineer who can become quite a formidable adversary when necessary.

Together these men set out to explore the shipwrecks surrounding the Channel Islands. Here a dangerous reef has claimed many a ship since the Europeans first came to the new world. Surely there is plenty of treasure for the taking. Once arrived however, Morgan and Webb discover that their plan will not be as easy to carry out as they had hoped. Will they find the treasure they so desperately seek and survive such a perilous undertaking?

About the Author:
Author, William H. White spent most of his life in rural California but he currently enjoys his retirement in New Mexico, treasure hunting and giving tours of the Caballo Mountains. The Treasure of San Miguel Island was inspired by a trip to the Channel Islands off the coast of California when he was fifteen. He has published various treasure hunting books including Tales of the Caballos in 2003. Another book, Reflections, contains a series of noteworthy experiences but is not an autobiography.