The Law of Torts: Examples & Explanations, 4th Edition (Examples & Explanations Series)

Written by the author of the best-selling Examples & Explanations study guide for Civil Procedure, Examples & Explanations: The Law of Torts, Fourth Edition, presents a succinct overview of Torts with Joseph W. Glannon's famous combination of humor, wit, and penetrating clarity. In addition to the highly effective Examples & Explanations pedagogy, this E&E offers a three-chapter section on preparing for a Torts exam.
Examples & Explanations: The Law of Torts, Fourth Edition, features:
three new chapters on intentional torts that balance strong coverage of negligence:
Protecting the Right of Possession: Trespass to Land
Dueling Remedies: Trespass to Chattels and Conversion
False Imprisonment: Protecting Freedom of Movement
coverage that mirrors the content of most Torts courses - intentional torts, negligence, causation, duty, damages, liability of multiple defendants, and the effect of the plaintiff's conduct
updated citations throughout the text that reflect the most current law
Taking a Torts Essay Exam, a three-chapter section that includes guidance, tips, and sample exam questions and answers
With more balanced coverage of negligence and intentional Torts and in-depth coverage of products liability, Examples & Explanations: The Law of Torts, Fourth Edition, represents indispensable assistance to many law students taking Torts. Joseph W. Glannon's introductory exposition entertains as it teaches. His Examples & Explanations give students the opportunity to test their knowledge and gain valuable practice applying the law.

Veddas are an indigenous people of Sri Lanka, an island nation in the Indian Ocean. According to Early Man and the Rise of Civilisation in Sri Lanka: the Archaeological Evidence by S. U. Deraniyagala, by about 125,000 BP it is certain that there were prehistoric settlements in Sri Lanka . From as early as 18,000 BC a genetic continuum is shown with present-day Veddas.
According to the genesis myth of the Sinhala "race"/people, recorded in the ancient chronicle of the Sinhalese royalty, the Mahavansa, the Pulindas also called Veddas are descended from the exiled Prince Vijaya from West Bengal (6th-5th century BC), the founding father of the Sinhalese nation, through Kuveni, a Tamil woman of the Yakkha clan whom he had espoused. The Mahavansa relates that following the repudiation of Kuveni by Vijaya, in favour of a "Kshatriya" princess from the "Pandya" country in South India, their two children, a boy and a girl, departed to the region of "Sumanakuta" (Adam's Peak in the Ratnapura District), where they multiplied, giving rise to the Veddhas. Anthropologists such as the Seligmanns (The Veddhas 1911) believe the Veddhas to be identical with the "Yakkhas" of yore.
Veddas are also mentioned in Robert Knox's history of his captivity by the King of Kandy in the 17th century. Knox described them as "wild men," but also said there was a "tamer sort," and that the latter sometimes served in the king's army.
The Rtnapura District, which is part of the Sabaragamuwa Province is known to have been inhabited by the Veddhas in the distant past. This has been shown by scholars like Nandadeva Wijesekera (Veddhas in transition 1964). Indeed, the very name Sabaragamuwa is believed to have meant the village of the Sabaras or "forest barbarians". Such place-names as Veddha-gala (Veddha Rock), Veddha-ela (Veddha Canal) and Vedi-kanda (Veddha Mountain) in the Ratnapura District also bear testimony to this. As Wijesekera observes, a strong Veddha element is discernible in the population of Veddha-gala and its environs. As for the traditional Veddha lifestyle, a number of authorities have delved on this and we can easily describe their life-style as it existed in the past, and as it exists today.
LanguageMain article: Vedda language
The original language of the Veddas is the Vedda language. Today it is used primarily by the interior Veddas. Communities, such as Coast Veddas and Anuradhapura Veddas, that identify themselves strictly as Veddas also use Vedda language in part for communication during hunting and or for religious chants. When a systematic field study was conducted in 1959 it was determined that the language was confined to the older generation of Veddas from Dambana. In 1990s self-identifying Veddas knew few words and phrases in the Vedda language, but there were individuals who knew the language comprehensively. Initially there was considerable debate amongst linguists as to whether Vedda is a dialect of Sinhalese or an independent language. Later studies indicate that it diverged from its parent stock in the 10th century and became a Creole and a stable independent language by the 13 century, under the influence of Sinhalese.
The parent Vedda language(s) is of unknown genetic origins, while Sinhalese is of the Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-European languages. Phonologically it is distinguished from Sinhalese by the higher frequency of palatal sounds C and J. The effect is also heightened by the addition of inanimate suffixes. Morphologically Vedda language word class is divided into nouns, verbs and invariables with unique gender distinctions in animate nouns. Per its Creole tradition, it has reduced and simplified many forms of Sinhalese such as second person pronouns and denotations of negative meanings. Instead borrowing new words from Sinhalese Vedda created combinations of words from a limited lexical stock. Vedda also maintains many archaic Sinhalese terms prior to the 10th to 12th centuries, as a relict of its close contact with Sinhalese. Vedda also retains a number of unique words that cannot be derived from Sinhalese. Conversely, Sinhalese has also borrowed from the original Vedda language, words and grammatical structures, differentiating it from its related Indo-Aryan languages. Vedda has exerted a substratum influence in the formation of Sinhalese.
Sinhala-speaking Veddas are found primarily in the southeastern part of the country, especially in the vicinity of Bintenne in Uva District. There are also Sinhala-speaking Veddas who live in Anuradhapura District in the North Central Province.
Another group, often termed East Coast Veddas, is found in coastal areas of the Eastern Province, between Batticaloa and Trincomalee. These Veddas speak Tamil Tamil. The Sinhala speaking East Coast Veddas, are called Panama Veddas. They live just south of Batticoloa.
Cultural aspects[edit] ReligionAnimism is the original religion of Veddas. The

Cristina as you said he is a beauty my friend and now a regular visitor to my garden.

Blue Tit

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Blue Tit, Cyanistes caeruleus, is a 10.5 to 12 cm (4.2 to 4.8 inches,) long passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and western Asia in deciduous or mixed woodlands. It is a resident bird, i.e., most birds do not migrate.

Taxonomy
This species was first described by Linnaeus in his Systema naturae in 1758 as Parus caeruleus.
Most authorities retain Cyanistes as a subgenus of Parus, but the British Ornithologists' Union treats Cyanistes as a distinct genus. This is supported by mtDNA cytochrome b sequence analysis which suggests that Cyanistes is not only distinct, but not close to other tits (Gill et al., 2005).

Description
The azure blue crown and dark blue line passing through the eye and encircling the white cheeks to the chin give the Blue Tit a very distinctive appearance. The forehead and a bar on the wing are white. The nape, wings and tail are blue; the back is yellowish green; the under parts mostly sulphur-yellow with a dark line down the abdomen. The bill is black, the legs bluish grey, and the irides dark brown. Young Blue Tits are noticeably more yellow. This is a common and popular European garden bird, due to its perky acrobatic performances when feeding on nuts or suet. It swings beneath the holder, calling tee, tee, tee or a scolding churr.
The song period lasts almost all the year round, but is most often heard during February to June.

Breeding
It will nest in any suitable hole in a tree, wall, or stump, or an artificial nest box, often competing with House Sparrows or Great Tits for the site. Few birds more readily accept the shelter of a nesting box; the same hole is returned to year after year, and when one pair dies another takes possession.
The bird is a close sitter, hissing and biting at an intruding finger. In the South West of England such behaviour has earned the Blue Tit the colloquial nick-name "Little Billy Biter". When protecting its eggs it raises its crest, but this is a sign of excitement rather than anger, for it is also elevated during nuptial display. The nesting material is usually moss, wool, hair and feathers, and the eggs are laid in April or May. The number in the clutch is often very large, but seven or eight are normal, and bigger clutches are usually laid by two or even more hens

Behaviour
Blue and Great Tits form mixed winter flocks, and the former are perhaps the better gymnasts in the slender twigs. A Blue Tit will often ascend a trunk in short jerky hops, imitating a Treecreeper. As a rule the bird roosts in ivy or evergreens, but in hard weather will shelter in a hole. Blue tits are very agile and can hang from almost anywhere.
The Blue Tit has an average life expectancy of 1.5 years

Diet
The Blue Tit is a valuable destroyer of pests, though it has not an entirely clean sheet as a beneficial species. It is fond of young buds of various trees, and may pull them to bits in the hope of finding insects. No species, however, destroys more coccids and aphids, the worst foes of many plants. It takes leaf miner grubs and green tortrix moths (Tortricidae). Seeds are eaten, as with all this family.

Learning
An interesting example of culturally transmitted learning in birds was the phenomenon dating from the 1960s of Blue Tits teaching one another how to open traditional British Milk bottles with foil tops, to get at the cream underneath. This behaviour has declined recently because of the trend toward buying low-fat (skimmed) milk, and the replacement of doorstep delivery by supermarket purchases of milk.

Conservation
Blue Tit populations often decrease considerably during harsh winters or after poor breeding seasons where the weather is cold and wet, particularly if this coincides with the emergence of the caterpillars on which the nestlings are fed.

The focused coverage of Examples & Explanations: Property, Third Edition, along with the proven Examples & Explanations format, which combines textual material with well-written examples, explanations, and questions that test the reader's understanding of the material covered, makes this text an invaluable means for helping students master the intricacies of property law. Among the features that have made this study aid a success:
eminently clear and readable text
six-part topical organization that matches the coverage of most first-year property courses and follows the organization of the best selling property casebook by Dukeminier, Krier, Alexander & Schill
rich pedagogy includes boldfaced legal terms and visual aids, such as charts and diagrams, especially for common-law estates--a topic that lends itself to diagrammatic presentation
the authors address principal cases used in most leading casebooks
skilled and experienced authorship by long-time teachers and scholars of property law
New to the Third Edition:
updated coverage of takings to include recent Supreme Court cases Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, Kelo v. New London, and Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A.
expanded introduction to trusts with clear and detailed descriptions of a trust, a grantor, a trustee, a life beneficiary, and a remainderman
new substantive material added to coverage of:
the recording acts
the Third Restatement of Property concerning Servitudes (covenants and equitable servitudes)
Private Nuisance (Chapter 27) adjacent and subjacent support
updated coverage of the Rule Against Perpetuities
many examples and explanations have been revised for greater clarity and effectiveness
language in the text has been simplified where needed for even greater accessibility
With its focused coverage, concise format, and problem-based format, Examples & Explanations: Property, Third Edition, continues to provide Property students with the help and confidence they need to master this difficult first-year course.